38 research outputs found
Nucleus reprogramming/remodeling through selective enucleation (SE) of immature oocytes and zygotes: a nucleolus point of view
No full textIt is now approximately 25 years since the sheep Dolly, the first cloned mammal where the somatic cell nucleus from an adult donor was used for transfer, was born. So far, somatic cell nucleus transfer, where G1-phase nuclei are transferred into cytoplasts obtained by enucleation of mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes followed by the activation of the reconstructed cells, is the most efficient approach to reprogram/remodel the differentiated nucleus. In general, in an enucleated oocyte (cytoplast), the nuclear envelope (NE, membrane) of an injected somatic cell nucleus breaks down and chromosomes condense. This condensation phase is followed, after subsequent activation, by chromatin decondensation and formation of a pseudo-pronucleus (i) whose morphology should resemble the natural postfertilization pronuclei (PNs). Thus, the volume of the transferred nuclei increases considerably by incorporating the content released from the germinal vesicles (GVs). In parallel, the transferred nucleus genes must be reset and function similarly as the relevant genes in normal embryo reprogramming. This, among others, covers the relevant epigenetic modifications and the appropriate organization of chromatin in pseudo-pronuclei. While reprogramming in SCNT is often discussed, the remodeling of transferred nuclei is much less studied, particularly in the context of the developmental potential of SCNT embryos. It is now evident that correct reprogramming mirrors appropriate remodeling. At the same time, it is widely accepted that the process of rebuilding the nucleus following SCNT is instrumental to the overall success of this procedure. Thus, in our contribution, we will mostly focus on the remodeling of transferred nuclei. In particular, we discuss the oocyte organelles that are essential for the development of SCNT embryos
Case study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient Diagnosed with Pertrochanteric Fracture
No full textAuthor: Pavel Benc Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient diagnosed with pertrochanteric fracture Objectives: This bachelor thesis aims to provide summary of theoretical knowledge of the pertrochanteric femoral fracture diagnosis and present case study describing physiotherapy during rehabilitation of a patient who suffered this type of fracture. Methods: This bachelor thesis comprises of two parts. Part one is focused on providing theoretical knowledge regarding pertrochanteric femoral fracture diagnosis and related femoral traumatology. Part two is focused on rehabilitation of patient who suffered this fracture. Case study of this rehabilitation is based on internship in Thomayer Faculty Hospital during January and February 2022. It has four parts, initial kinesiological examination, records of underwent physiotherapeutical sessions, final kinesiological examination and evaluation on the effects of the therapy. Results: Result of the physiotherapeutic procedures was general improvement of the patient across multitude of observed parametres, mainly: muscle strenght, joint mobility, soft tissue flexibility in observed areas and improved stabilisation abilities. Conclusion: Influence of the chosen therapeutical approaches can be, with regard to observed parametres and patients..
Effect of on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes
No full textLysmeral (Lilial, Butylphenyl Methylpropional) is a synthetically produced aldehyde. It is used for its typical lily of the valley-like scent as a perfume ingredient in cosmetic products. It is typically found, for example, in cleaning products. It is on the list of the 26 most well-known synthetic allergens and has been shown to be present in human urine and subsequently in wastewater. According to some opinions, lysmeral should be classified as an endocrine disruptor, which are substances that can interfere with the body's endocrine system. As these substances often affect mammalian reproduction, it is in society's interest to address them, given that they are commonly found in the environment. Lysmeral was not properly tested before being placed on the market and all its effects on organisms are still unknown. The hypothesis of this thesis is that exposure to lysmeral causes undesirable changes in the meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro and the aim is to investigate the effect of lysmeral, at concentrations corresponding to normal human exposures, on specific markers of meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes. The results confirm the negative effect of lysmeral on the smooth progression of meiotic maturation and the achievement of the final stage of porcine oocyte maturation in vitro...
Effect of pergafast 201 on selected markers of in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes.
No full textPergafast 201 (N-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-N'-(3-p-toluenesulfonyloxyphenyl)urea) je patentovaná vývojka barvy, která se nabízí jako alternativa k hojně využívaným bisfenolům A a S (BPA, BPS). U těchto látek byl prokázán negativní vliv na lidské zdraví a reprodukci již ve velmi nízkých dávkách a jedná se o endokrinní disruptory zasahující mimo jiné do procesu meiotického zrání. Účinky pergafastu 201 na savčí organismus v rámci oogeneze zatím nebyly sledovány. Cílem této práce bylo zhodnocení vlivu pergafastu 201 na vybrané specifické markery meiotického zrání po expozici prasečích oocytů pergafastem 201 v nízkých koncentracích in vitro. Tato práce je první, která popisujenegativní účinky pergafastu 201 na zrání prasečích oocytů in vitro, potvrzuje negativní vliv pergafastu na průběh meiotického zrání a na schopnost oocytu dosáhnout konečného stádia zrání a také jeho vliv na zvýšenou incidenci abnormálních dělících vřetének. Data ukazují vliv PF201 na metylaci epigenetických markerů H3K4me2 a H3K9me3. Předběžné výsledky také naznačují jeho vliv na expresi mRNA estrogenových receptorů α a β. Souhrnně tyto výsledky ukazují na případná rizika spojená s používáním této látky jako alternativy bisfenolů a nutnost prozkoumání jeho vlivu nejen na reprodukční zdraví lidí a zvířat.Pergafast 201 (N-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-N'-(3-p-toluenesulfonyloxyphenyl)urea) is a patented color developer that is offered as an alternative to the widely used bisphenols A and S (BPA, BPS). These substances have been shown to have a negative effect on human health and reproduction even in very low doses, and they are endocrine disruptors affecting, among other things, the process of meiotic maturation. The effects of pergafast 201 on the mammalian organism during oogenesis have not yet been monitored. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of pergafast 201 on selected specific markers of meiotic maturation after exposure of porcine oocytes to pergafast 201 in low concentrations in vitro. This work is the first to describe the negative effects of pergafast 201 on the maturation of porcine oocytes in vitro, confirming the negative effect of pergafast on the course of meiotic maturation and on the ability of the oocyte to reach the final stage of maturation, as well as its effect on the increased incidence of abnormal dividing spindles. The data show the effect of PF201 on the methylation of epigenetic markers H3K4me2 and H3K9me3. Preliminary results also indicate its effect on the mRNA expression of estrogen receptors α and β. Collectively, these results indicate the possible risks...Katedra buněčné biologieDepartment of Cell BiologyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc
Use of interspecific ICSI method for assessing the quality of the retained biological material from genetic resources
No full textIntracytoplasmatická injekce spermie, neboli ICSI, je metoda běžně používaná v centrech asistované reprodukce a zároveň je efektivním nástrojem pro výzkum oplození. Metoda interspecifické ICSI je vhodná pro produkci zygot, které vznikají spojením gamet odlišného, vzdáleně nepříbuzného druhu. Dokáže obejít přirozené mezidruhové bariéry a vytvořit tzv. interspecifické zygoty. Toho se dá využít při hodnocení vlastností gamet ohrožených druhů živočichů. V této práci byla metoda použita pro hodnocení kvality uchovávaného spermatu kozlů z genetického zdroje kozy bílé krátkosrsté. Cílem práce bylo vyhodnotit vliv kryoprezervace na kvalitu spermatu kozlů, které bylo mražené třemi rozdílnými způsoby na dvou různých chovatelských stanicích. Jako kontrolní skupina sloužilo čerstvě odebrané sperma. Do maturovaných myších oocytů byly injikovány hlavičky xenogenních kozlích spermií. Injikované oocyty se nechaly vyvíjet do stadia zygoty, ve kterých se vytvořilo jak samičí (myší), tak samčí (kozlí) prvojádro. V samčím prvojádře se hodnotilo DNA poškození pomocí imunofluorescenčního barvení protilátkou proti γH2AX, což je marker DNA zlomů. Výsledky získané měřením hladiny intenzity fluorescence γH2AX v paternálních prvojádrech ukazují, že se sledované hodnoty mezi jednotlivými skupinami liší. Nejnižší hodnoty...Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or ICSI, is a commonly used method in assisted reproduction centers and is also an effective tool for a fertilization research. The interspecific ICSI is the suitable method for production of zygotes, which are formed by association of gametes of different, distantly unrelated species. It can bypass natural interspecies barriers and create so-called interspecific zygotes. This can be used to evaluation properties of genetic material. In this work, this method was used for evaluation of the quality of stored sperm originating from male goats of the white shorthair goat genetic resource. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on the quality of goat sperm, which was frozen in three different ways at two different breeding stations. Freshly collected semen served as a control group. The heads of xenogeneic goat sperm were injected into mature mouse oocytes. The injected oocytes were allowed to develop to the zygote stage, in which both female (mouse) and male (goat) pronuclei was formed. In male pronuclei, DNA damage was assessed by immunofluorescence staining with anti-γH2AX antibody, a marker of DNA breaks. The results obtained by measuring the level of γH2AX fluorescence intensity in the paternal pronuclei show that the values differ...Department of Cell BiologyKatedra buněčné biologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult
Regionalne razlike u stavovima pri izboru partnera suprotnoga spola
No full textBased on results from a survey, the author analyzes the attitudes of the high
school age group in SR Croatia to the selection of a partner from the opposite
Special attention is given to the regional differences which are apparent in
these attitudes. Answers to questions about the youth’s attitudes towards marriage
using their parents as examples, and the youth’s attitudes about certain characteristics
sought in the opposite sex are discussed.
Differences in sex and regions were considered when attitudes towards marriage
using their parents as examples were evaluated. The girls idealize their
parent s marriage more than the boys, when thinking about their future marriage,
this can be explained by the traditional position of the woman in marriage and
tier interest in maintaining a stable marital union. Analysis of regional differences
m icated two types of attitudes: urban (modern) which are characteristic for the
Zagreb region, and traditional (rural) which are characteristic for the Dalmatian
region.
Attitudes about characteristics sought in the partner of the opposite sex
polarized in a similar way.
The young prefer a relationship built on mutual emotional contact to ensure
the stability of relations between the sexes.
The results also showed that readiness for sexual relations is not obligatory
as is thought to be from the literature written about the sexual behaviour of the
young.
The young tend to prefer independence as a trait in a partner, which is
specially emphasized in the urban type of behaviour. Coming from a good family,
financial status, and religion in general are not particularly important.
The attitudes of the traditional type indicated that the girl should be younger
and attractive, while the boy older. Here the financial status and coming from a the girl, and she tolerates his attitude.
The modern type, as mentioned, seeks independence as a quality. It is
important that the girl as a partner is sexually inexperienced, while the boy
should come from a good family, be older and already educated.
The results presented may serve as a base for presenting a hypothesis in
more extensive research
Changes in Assemblies of Socio-Political Communities in SR Croatia
No full textIn that, for the most part, informative article, the author considers changes in socio-demographic structures of Socio-Political Communities Assemblies, in the course of the socialistic progress. He takes data about age and sex of the Commune Assemblies’ committeemen and representatives of the SR Croatia Congress, as well as of the member of SFRJ Assembly from SR Croatia. Special attention has been pain to the change of the socio-political system introduced in 1974, by means of which the institutional representative system was substituted for a delegational system, as a form of the immediate socialist democracy. That change would logically have to influence the participation of women and youth in Assemblies of Socio-political Communities.
Delegational system has, beside the rest, offered an essentially different basis of elections, in the course of elections for the committeemen.There were provided electoral rolls for the potential candidates before, now, instead, the delegational system treats all the members of delegations as the potential delegates for Assemblies of Socio-Political Communities, extending thus the basis of potential candidates. Now, there is no need »to recall* the socio-political activists what used to result in remaining within the range cl »experienced« socio-political workers, but an immediate influence of citizens upon the whole course of elections is being made possible.
Comparing data about the socio-demographic structures of Socio-Political Communities, and depending upon the results of earlier researches, the author emphasizes basic regularities that influence changes of those structures:
a) Regardless of the changes in a relative participation of particular socio-demographic structures in Assemblies of Socio-Political Communes during the analysed period, the further influence of a traditional mentality-especially traditional relationship towards women and the young- appears, although changes point at the re-establishment of new social relations that eliminate traces of a traditional mentality. In that context there are greater chances for socio-political acknowledgment of women and youth, especially in the developed social environments.
b) Structural changes represent general tendencies of the socio-political and economic progress (construction of a political system, particularly introduction of a delegational system), as well as the political situation and political initiative. Those general tendencies cause changes in the time dimension, established by comparing data received at a number of electoral periods.
But, speaking of the time dimension as a resultant of the socialistic social progress, it should be emphasized that the political encouragement is still necessary, because of the structural determinants, in an effort to assure participation of certain structures at the election of delegations and delegates for Assemblies of Socio-Political Communities. Effectiveness of such an encouragement depends upon general tendencies and political situation
Osnovni tokovi difuzije inovacija na individualnim gospodarstvima Slavonije i Vojvodine
No full textThe beginnings of the diffusion of innovations date from the time of the agrarian
and the slightly later industrial revolution. In Slavonia and Voivodina this
process started comparatively earlier than it did in other parts of Yugoslavia because
it was set in motion by government regulations of the Austro-Hungarian
Monarchy. i.*i
Stuay of the process of the diffusion of innovations in private agri
culture reveals the following periods: (a) the period of the agrarian revolution:
introduction of new cultures and combining livestock breeding with
land cultivation; (b) the period of the industrial revolution: introduction of machinery
and new technologies (in Yugoslavia this started in the 1930s); (c) the period
after the second world war: widespread use of machinery and new technologies,
and (since 1965) a rapidly growing amount of machinery bought by private smallholders.
The paper gives a graphic presentation of the basic trends in the adoption of
innovations in private agriculture in Slavonia and Voivodina. Analysis by means of
the inter-correlation matrix reveals that modern land cultivation techniques are
more widespread on smallholdings which rent farm machinery than on those
which possess such machinery. This is probably due to the fact that the peasant,
because of the comparatively small area of his land and though he may possess a
tractor, is perhaps not in a position, or does not find it profitable, to equip his farm
with all attachable implements. Data further reveal a very thin distribution of
modem storage and cold storage facilities and irrigation techniques on private
smallholdings. In conclusion the author points out that innovations could actually
be diffused in private agriculture at a faster rate through the process of selfmanagement
association in agriculture
ABOUT POSSIBILITIES OF A CONTEMPORARY USE OF THE FOLKLORE COSTUME
No full textPrompted by the M. Gušić's article: »We had you, we did not know you . . .« (Narodna umjetnost, No. 2) the author underlines two basic thoughts:
1) the problem and the way of handling our folklore, because this question is often solved by inexpert on the base of »sentimentality and pseudopatriotic amateurism«.
2) to know how to understand that the new life brings new habits with, but to know also to preserve the picture of the antique life as a document and a value of the past. Today, when it is required that the folklore should be engaged for and that it should be used in tourist trade too, it is necessary to adapt correctly this kind of our cultural values.
So, for instance, at Dubrovnik, a well known touristic center, the tourist experts try in every possible way to make a good use of the national garb of a region near Dubrovnik, Konavle. Here we have up to this day preserved garb in a somewhat simpler form. Organizers in travel agencies endeavour to exhibit Konavle's garb either at the town or in other places, as for instance, at the Dubrovnik airport. During the tourist season the girls from the town wear Konavle's garb at Dubrovnik itself, and the stewardesses meet the travellers at the airport dressed in this picturesque clothing.
Such displays of national garb were accepted with enthusiasm, though these costumes had not a such stylistic integrity as they should have.
Because of the great interest for this national costume, the organizers of tourist agencies organize trips on Sundays to the villages of Konavle, where Konavle's women put on their ceremonious garments.
In a brief account the author gives a description of the antique garb of Konavle comparing it with the present one and giving standard terminology of the single parts of the garb. She states the cultural influences, which can be traced in this garment. So, we can detect in the male and the female garb elements of the Dinara area, which yield the ground to the influences from the nearby Dubrovnik. The beauty and the nobleness of the Konavle's garb originate from the mixture of the both cultures.
As national garb inevitably vanishes under the pressure of the modern way of life, the question is how to keep permanently alive our cultural inheritance and how to present it to the public. The author solves it in this way:
1) to complete ethnographic researches and, conformably to the possibilities, to acquire by purchase all still existing ethnographic objects for the museums. This was a standing practice of the Ethnographic museum at Zagreb, which recently made purchases in many Yugoslav regions, specially in Konavle, where are bought all of the oldest specimens of national garb and so on till the new ones. They bought the objects from the other fields of material culture too.
2) for the sake of actual problems of presenting our national garb it would be necessary to effectuate the closest cooperation between the organizers of tourist activities and the professional institutions and associations, and, in the first place, the ethnologists and folklorists.
In many areas the last forms of national garb have disapeared, so it will be necessary, in the future, to make reconstructions based on materials depened in the museums. Except the cooperation in the selecting and the reconstructing of costumes, the ethnologists and folklorists could help also in searching of localities for tourist excursions as well as in selecting the designs and genuine objects for souvenirs etc.
A solution of these both problems should considerably contribute to the harmonious realization of a form of the preservation our cultural inheritance and to the prolific application of folklore elements in present time life
Baltazar Baldo Bogišić A Man with a Systematic Approach to Collecting Ethnographic Material
No full textU Bogišićevom muzeju u Cavtatu sačuvana je bogata kulturno-povijesna građa koja sadrži i 55 etnografskih predmeta, većinom s dubrovačkog područja. Etnografski predmeti služili su Bogišiću kao materijalna podloga u izučavanju pravnih običaja, odnosno društvenog života i odnosa u nas i šire kod Južnih Slavena. na osnovi njegovih zapisa i predmeta u zbirci autorica je zaključila da je Bogišić, pravnik po stručnoj i znanstvenoj vokaciji, sustavno prikupljao građu i ostavio iza sebe malu, ali izuzetno vrijednu etnografsku zbirku.In Bogišić's museum in the town of Cavtat, there is a rich collection of cultural-historical material, which contains 55 ethnographic items, mostly from the Dubrovnik region. Ethnographic items served Bogišić as a meterial basis in the research of legal customs and social life in Croatia and in the wider region inhabited by Southern Slavic population. From his field writtings and collected items, the author concluded that Bogišić, a lawyer by education and scientific interest, had systematically collected material and left a small, but very valuable ethnographic collection
