50,344 research outputs found
Andiodrilus Michaelsen 1900
No full textGenus Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900 b emend. Zicsi 1993 Anteus (part.) Michaelsen, 1895 Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900 b Andiodrilus: Michaelsen 1918, 1930; Cordero 1945; Righi 1971; Zicsi 1988 Type species. Anteus schuetti Michaelsen, 1895 Diagnosis. Setae eight per segment; intraclitellar male pores; calciferous glands three pairs in 7–9 of lamellar structure and with or without ectal membranous calciferous reservoir; testes in 10 or 11 within testis sacs; seminal vesicles one pair restricted to 11 or 12 or absent; ovaries in 13; spermathecae in testicular and or pre-testicular segments. Number of species: 40. Distribution: Colombia (33), Ecuador (3), Costa Rica (2), Brazil (1), Venezuela (1).Published as part of M, Alexander Feijoo & Celis, Liliana V., 2012, New species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia, pp. 103-119 in Zootaxa 3458 on page 104, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21460
Polypheretima Michaelsen 1934
No full textGenus Polypheretima Michaelsen, 1934 Pheretima (Polypheretima) Michaelsen, 1934 a: 15. Metapheretima Michaelsen (part.) — Sims & Easton 1972: 205, 233. Polypheretima Michaelsen — Easton 1979: 28. Type species. Perichaeta stelleri Michaelsen, 1892, by original designation. Distribution. Philippines, Indonesian archipelago, Papua New Guinea, Malaya peninsula and Vietnam (Easton 1979). Remarks. Michaelsen (1934 a) proposed a subgenus Polypheretima for a species group characterized by multiple spermathecae arranged in pairs of transverse groups, with two or more than two per group, and absence of intestinal caeca. However, Sims & Easton (1972) did not support the concept of the subgenus Polypheretima because of variations among individuals in terms of number of spermathecae, for example in Pheretima elongata. They placed all Polypheretima species in Metapheretima and suggested to wait for more polythecal conditions to separate Polypheretima into a genus. Soon after, Easton (1979) revised the systematics of the 'acaecate' Pheretima group and raised Polypheretima to full generic rank.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Tran, Binh T. T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2015, Three new earthworm species of the genus Polypheretima Michaelsen, 1934 (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Vietnam, pp. 593-600 in Zootaxa 3905 (4) on page 594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3905.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/23685
Guestphalinus Michaelsen 1933
No full textGuestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 Type species Dorydrilus (Guestphalinus) wiardi Michaelsen, 1933. Included species Guestphalinus wiardi (Michaelsen, 1933) Guestphalinus exilis Fend & Rodriguez sp. nov. Guestphalinus elephantinus Fend & Rodriguez sp. nov. Emended diagnosis (modified from Michaelsen 1933; Cook 1971) Medium-sized to large worms with a filiform proboscis. Chaetae two per bundle. Paired testes in VIII and IX, one pair of ovaries in X. Male pores paired in IX, near 9/10. Spermathecal pores paired in IX, anterior to the male pores. Petiolate copulatory glands (= Pubertätsdrüsen in Michaelsen 1933) associated with male and/or spermathecal pores. Male duct semiprosoporous. Penes absent. Atria elongate, cylindrical to club-shaped, ental part loosely covered with multicellular, pyriform prostate glands. Anterior vasa deferentia form a loop in the pre-atrial segment before entering the atrial segment. Paired spermathecae in the atrial segment, anterior to the atria. Distribution Europe and northwestern USA (present study). Guestphalinus wiardi is rarely reported, but is known from subterranean or spring habitats in Germany (Michaelsen 1933; Griepenburg 1941), Slovenia (Hrabě 1973) and Italy (new material used for the present description, see below), with other records from mountain streams in Crimea (Dembitsky 1987). Remarks Among the lumbriculids with a filiform proboscis, Guestphalinus is distinguished from the semiprosoporous species of Rhynchelmis, Eclipidrilus (Premnodrilus) Smith, 1900 and Eremidrilus Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 by the location of the male pores in IX (instead of X), the spermathecae in the atrial segment, the anterior vasa deferentia entering the pre-atrial segment, and the morphology of the elongate spermathecae. In addition to being prosoporous, the two Kincaidiana species are easily distinguished from Guestphalinus by the presence of spermathecae also in the first two postatrial segments, and by a different type of modified chaetae in several pre-clitellar segments. Uktena is distinguished from other proboscis-bearing lumbriculids by having atria and spermathecae in VIII (rather than IX), in addition to characters unique within the family: spermatophores, a spermathecal copulatory organ, and multiple genital chaetae (Fend et al. 2015). Guestphalinus was originally described as a subgenus of Dorydrilus Piguet, 1913 (Michaelsen 1933), but was later elevated to generic status (Hrabě 1936, although spelled Questphalinus in that paper). This decision, although considered provisional in the 1936 paper, has been maintained in subsequent literature (Cook 1971; Hrabě 1973; Dembitsky 1987).Published as part of Fend, Steven V., Rodriguez, Pilar, Achurra, Ainara & Erséus, Christer, 2017, On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-46 in European Journal of Taxonomy 361 on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.361, http://zenodo.org/record/383650
Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900b sensu Zicsi 1993
No full textGenus Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900b sensu Zicsi, 1993 Anteus (part.) Michaelsen, 1895. Andiodrilus Michaelsen, 1900b, 1918; Cordero 1945; Righi 1971; Zicsi 1988, 1993. Type species. Anteus schuetti Michaelsen, 1895. Diagnosis. Setae eight per segment; intraclitellar male pores; calciferous glands three pairs in 7–9 of lamellar structure, with or without ectal membranous calciferous reservoir; testes in 10 within testis sacs; seminal vesicles one pair restricted to 11 or absent; ovaries in 13; spermathecae in testicular and or pre-testicular segments.Published as part of Celis, Liliana V., Feijoo, Alexander & Rangel-Ch, Orlando, 2018, Two new earthworm species (Oligochaeta: Annelida) of the Orinoquia region of Colombia, pp. 440-447 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.33, http://zenodo.org/record/144695
Perophora namei Hartmeyer & Michaelsen 1928
No full textPerophora namei Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928 (Fig. 125B) Perophora namei Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928: 270. Type locality: Philippines. Synonymy and distribution: see Kott 1985: 108, fig. 47b, c. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippines. Palawan, Honda Bay, Fondeado Island, 9°55.75’N, 118°54.93’E, 20 m, 25.IV.1995 (MNHN P2 PER 54). Papua New Guinea. Louisiade Archipelago, Deboyne Lagoon, Nivani Island, 10°47.46’S, 152°23.08’E, 12 m, 30. V.1998 (MNHN P2 PER 68). REMARKS The zooids of this very characteristic species (Fig. 125B) are not mature in the colonies of this collection.Published as part of Monniot, Françoise & Monniot, Claude, 2001, Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific, pp. 201-383 in Zoosystema 23 (2) on page 301, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.539144
Polyclinum incrustatum Michaelsen 1930
No full textPolyclinum incrustatum Michaelsen, 1930 (Figures 3D, 9D) Polyclinum neptunium f. incrustatum Michaelsen 1930, p 542. Polyclinum incrustatum: Kott 1992a, p 450 and synonymy. Distribution Previously recorded (see Kott 1992a): Western Australia (Bunbury, Albany); South Australia (Great Australian Bight, Spencer Gulf); Victoria (Portland). New record: Tasmania (Port Davey, 4–6 m, SAM E3274). Description The colonies are as previously described, soft, grey oval pillows, with sand in the surface, although it is only sparse internally. Common cloacal apertures, slightly orange in the newly recorded specimens, are evenly distributed and protrude slightly from the otherwise smooth surface of the colony. Each cloacal aperture contains the very long, narrow atrial lips of the circle of zooids that surround it. These atrial lips project from the body wall just anterior to the small, round atrial opening of each zooid and they appear to close down over the forward-projecting atrial opening. A small post-atrial papillum also projects from the middorsal line. Zooids have 18 rows of about 14 stigmata per half row, and about the same number of flat, rounded branchial papillae on each of the transverse interstigmatal vessels. Gonads were not detected in the newly recorded colonies, and a long, narrow posterior abdominal vegetative stolon is present. Remarks The specimens are consistent with those described previously for this species. It is distinguished from Poyclinum marsupiale by its more numerous rows of stigmata, the less protuberant common cloacal apertures and the crowded zooids in complex systems rather than the circular systems of zooids that surround each common cloacal aperture in P. marsupiale, and when embryos are present, by the lack of a brood pouch projecting from the thorax.Published as part of Kott, Patricia, 2006, Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1), pp. 169-234 in Journal of Natural History 40 (3 - 4) on page 194, DOI: 10.1080/00222930600621601, http://zenodo.org/record/523243
Fridericia peregrinabunda Michaelsen 1913
No full textFridericia peregrinabunda Michaelsen, 1913 (FigURES 4A–F) Fridericia peregrinabunda Michaelsen, 1913; Schmelz 2003. Fridericia carmichaeli Stephenson, 1915. Fridericia giniata Springett, 1971. Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa) var. [sic]. Michaelsen 1907. Fridericia bollonsi Christoffersen, 1976. Examined material. XZO201510005, XZO102510006, XZO201510007, ThREE adUlT FiXEd aNd STaiNEd SPEcimENS. MORE ThaN 10 SPEcimENS PRESERVEd iN 70% EThaNOl. Descriptions. MEdiUm SiZE. BOdY SiZE (iN ViVO): lENgTh abOUT 11.3 mm, bOdY WidTh 0.3 mm iN V, 0.4 mm iN XII. SEgmENT NUmbER 39–56. HEad PORE aT 0/I, lONgiTUdiNal SliT (Fig. 4D). ChaETaE ShORT aNd SlENdER, 2 PER bUNdlE ThROUghOUT, OccaSiONallY 3 iN SOmE POSTERiOR SEgmENTS. EPidERmal glaNd cEllS bROWN iN FEW aNTERiOR SEgmENTS, gRadUallY gRaY iN POSTERiOR SEgmENTS, 2 OR 3 ROWS PER SEgmENT. SUbNEURal glaNd abSENT. CliTEllUm aT XII–1 /2XIII, SlighTlY ElEVaTEd. BRaiN SlighTlY cONVEX aNTERiORlY, TRUNcaTE POSTERiORlY, ca. 150 Μm iN lENgTh aNd 100 Μm iN WidTh iN ViVO (Fig. 4D). SEPTa iN V/VI–VIII/IX ThickENEd (ca. 17.5 Μm iN ViVO). OESOPhagEal aPPENdagES WiTh 3–5 TERmiNal bRaNchES, EXTENdiNg iNTO V (Fig. 4B). ThREE PaiRS OF PhaRYNgEal glaNdS, all WiTh WidE dORSal cONNEcTiON. VENTRal lObES PRESENT iN all PaiRS, SmallEST iN IV, dORSal aNd VENTRal lObES iN V aNd VI OF abOUT SamE SiZE (Fig. 4C). FiVE PaiRS OF PREcliTEllaR NEPhRidia iN VI/VII–X/XI, EFFERENT dUcT RiSiNg FROm ThE middlE OF POSTSEPTalE (Fig. 4F). COElOmOcYTE–mUcOcYTES (TYPE “c’) OVal aNd NUmEROUS, ca. 50 Μm iN ViVO, lENTicYTES abUNdaNT, ca. 5–6 Μm iN ViVO (Fig. 4A). ChYlUS cEllS iN XIII–XV, 1/ 2 XI –XIII iN SOmE SPEcimENS. DORSal blOOd VESSEl ORigiNaTiNg FROm XV– XVIII. SEmiNal VESiclE WEll-dEVElOPEd, OccUPYiNg X–XI. SPERm FUNNEl laRgE, hEmiSPhERical, SlighTlY lONgER ThaN WidTh (ca. 180–200 Μm bY 110–144 Μm iN ViVO), OccUPYiNg 1/2 OF ThE caViTY iN XI. COllaR NaRROWER ThaN FUNNEl bOdY, ca. 100 Μm iN WidTh aNd 14 Μm iN hEighT iN ViVO. SPERmaTOZOa mUch lONgER ThaN SPERm FUNNEl, ca. 150–270 Μm iN ViVO. BURSal SliT H-ShaPEd. SPERmaThEca WiThOUT EcTal glaNd. EcTal dUcT VERY lONg, ca. 350 Μm lONg aNd 30 Μm WidE iN ViVO, PROJEcTiNg dEEPlY iNTO amPUlla (Fig. 4E). AmPUlla PYRiFORm, WiThOUT diVERTicUla, 150 Μm lONg aNd 75 Μm WidE iN ViVO, diVidEd iNTO TWO diSTiNcT PaRTS, EcTal aNd PROXimal. ENTal dUcT NaRROWER ThaN amPUlla, WiTh iRREgUlaR OUTliNE aNd ThiN EPiThEliUm, aNd SEPaRaTElY JOiNiNg OESOPhagUS iN VI (Fig. 4E). Differential diagnosis. EXcEPT FOR ThE bOdY SiZE (39–56 SEgmENTS VS. 60–70 SEgmENTS iN F. peregrinabunda), OUR SPEcimENS cONFORm WEll TO ThE dEScRiPTiON OF F. peregrinabunda giVEN bY SchmElZ (2003), SUch aS 2 chaETaE PER bUNdlE aNd ThE STRUcTURE OF SPERmaThEca. ThiS iS ThE FiRST REcORd OF ThE SPEciES iN ChiNa.Published as part of Lu, Yajing, Xie, Zhicai & Zhang, Junqian, 2018, Preliminary taxonomical investigation of soil enchytraeids (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from south region of Tibet, China, pp. 395-410 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 403, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/144691
Bathypera splendens Michaelsen 1904
No full textBathypera splendens Michaelsen, 1904 (Figures 22 AC, 23 A, 24 AC) Michaelsen, 1904: 192. Vinogradova 1962: 205. Kott 1969: 140 figs 192-193 and synonymy; 1971: 64; Monniot & Monniot 1983: 85. Primo & Vazquez 2006: 125. Stations (events when several trawling operations per station): 2-3 - 5-6 (103)- 8-11 (424)- 21-27 (45)- 30 (66)- 34- 36 (68)- 42-62 - 65 (322)- 79. All specimens have the same spherical shape with a rough surface without wrinkles. The siphon apertures are in a slit and distant from each other (Fig. 22 C). The surface of fixation is narrow. The tunic is thin entirely covered with dense external calcareous spicules. They are stub-like implanted by a round base; their upper side is divided in spines of equal size (Fig. 22 A).They are 300 µm in length and 200 µm in diameter on the body, smaller at the siphons. The body wall does not adhere to the tunic. The muscular fibres are regularly criss-crossed, dense on the dorsal body side only (Fig. 24 A, C); the transverse fibres become thinner and shorter toward the ventral side, a part of them does not reach the ventral line (Fig. 24 A) The oral tentacles are long with 3 orders of ramifications. The dorsal tubercle opens anteriorly in a C. The branchial sac is voluminous with 6 high folds on each side. The dorsal lamina is double at the beginning and further it is made of long languets. Between the folds the spiral stigmata are irregular, some under the longitudinal vessels and other between them (Fig. 23 A). On the sides of the folds the stigmata are straight but spirals can be seen at the top of the folds. The gut occupies the ventral part of the left side (Fig. 24 C).The oesophagus is narrow, the plicated stomach well delimited. The intestine in a simple loop ends in a rolled up anus with an undulated rim. There is no hepatic gland. One long gonad lies on each side (Fig. 24 C), the left one inside the gut loop. The male and female ducts open together near the oesophagus. The endocarps, variable in number, are only present in the ventral half of the body, on each side of the right side gonad, on each side of the gut loop and inside the loop (Fig. 24 C).A ring of round papillae circles the base of the atrial siphon. All characters of this species are constant and correspond to previous descriptions. They are also the same as those of B. hastaefera except the spicules and a stronger musculature in the later. One sequence for specimen S 2 BAT.B 31 (BOLD: ASCAN 031- 10). No close hit in BOLD (best: 72.59 %). B. splendens is eurybathic and distributed in the whole Antarctic area. Culeolus antarcticus Vinogradova, 1962 (Figure 25) Vinogradova, 1962: 207. Monniot & Monniot 1982: 117 and synonymy; Sannamyan & Sanamyan 2002: 342 fig. 24. Stations: 1 – 32 A – 66 A. The largest specimen 9 x 4.5 cm has a peduncle 23 cm long. The tunic is covered with ampullae containing a clear granule. The postero-ventral crest is made of a row of papillae with the same ampullae. The musculature consists in siphonal sphincters and wide spaced ribbons on the whole body (Fig. 25 B, C). The oral tentacles are large and stout in 3 orders of size. The dorsal tubercle opens in a C to the left. The branchial sac has 6 folds on each side, the formula on the right side of a 4cm specimen is: E – 2 - 6 – 3 – 8 – 4 – 12 – 4 – 14 – 4 – 6 – 3 – 11 – DL. The dorsal languets are long. The gut (Fig. 25 A) forms a double loop: the primary loop is wide and contains the left gonad. The secondary loop at right angle is short. The anus has 2 multilobate lobes (Fig. 25 A). The hepatic gland covers the stomach. There is one gonad on each side made of successive lobes, 3 or 4 in the left gonad and 5 in the right one (Fig. 25 A). The genital papillae are short and joined. Spicules are present in all organs but not abundant and thin. Sequences for specimen S 1 CUL 57 a (BOLD: ASCAN 041- 10) and specimen S 1 CUL 56 a (BOLD: ASCAN 040- 10) are identical. No close hit in BOLD (best: 80.04 %). This peri Antarctic species has not been often collected. Its habitat is recorded as abyssal, however the CEAMARC specimens are the less deep collected yet with one at 233 m only. Pyura bouvetensis Michaelsen, 1904 (Figures 26, 27, 28) Michaelsen, 1904: 216. Monniot & Monniot 1983: 88 Fig. 18 D, Pl. 6 EF and synonymy. Tatian et al 1998: 150. Sanamyan & Sanamyan 2002: 342 Fig. 23 and synonymy. Station (events when several trawling operations per station): 6 (99)- 6 (103)- 10-13 A- 28-31 - 32 A- 33 A- 34-35 - 37 (146)- 37 (147)- 50 A- 51-54 A- 57-59 - 60-62 - 80. The spherical body is erect above a long stiff peduncle. On the body the tunic is bristling with spines anchored on a bulbous base (Fig. 26, 27 A). Much smaller spiny hairs are crowded between the large spines. The tunic on the peduncle shows the same spines but shorter an even reduced to the basal wart. The triangular spinules of the siphon lining (Fig. 27 B) are different from those of the tunic surface. In Terre Adélie the bodies are 1.5 to 4.2 cm in diameter, the peduncles are often broken, the largest found is 30cm in length. The internal anatomy is very constant. The body wall penetrates into the peduncle along its whole length. There is an oral and a cloacal velum. There are 12 long oral tentacles and 3 orders of smaller ones. The dorsal tubercle opens in a U with horns internally rolled. The edge of the dorsal lamina is dented. The branchial sac (Fig. 28 B) has 7 high folds on each side, and generally 2 to 3 longitudinal vessels between the folds joining them posteriorly. The parastigmatic vessels are numerous. The digestive loop occupies a large part of the left body side and contains the left gonad (Fig. 28 A). The anus has a rolled rim and is attached to the oesophagus. The right gonad is long with 5 lobes (Fig. 28 A). Male and female papillae are close together. Gut and gonads entirely adhere to the body wall. A voluminous round parietal organ lies in the middle of the body on each side (Fig. 28 A). Sequences from specimen S 2 PYU 457 a (370 - 365 m depth, BOLD: ASCAN 043- 10) and specimen S 2 PYU 453 a (472-483 m depth, BOLD: ASCAN 042- 10) display 11.79 % divergence. Additional specimens and markers are needed to investigate whether this represents an intra- or inter-specific divergence. No close hit in BOLD (best: 88.02 % with Pyura georgiana). Pyura bouvetensis is eurybathic and circum Antarctic. Very common in Terre Adélie, it is recorded from 200 to 1100 m depth.Published as part of Monniot, Françoise, Dettai, Agnès, Eleaume, Marc, Cruaud, Corinne & Ameziane, Nadia, 2011, Antarctic Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French-Australian survey CEAMARC in Terre Adélie, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2817 on pages 34-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27717
Mass extinction of peat-forming plants and the effect on fluvial styles across the Permian-Triassic boundary, northern Bowen Basin, Australia
No full textThe most spectacular extinction event in Earth's history occurred across the Permian-Triassic boundary. In the northern Bowen Basin, a major coal-bearing sedimentary basin in eastern Australia, a long-lived (c. 9 Myr), cold climate, peat mire ecosystem collapsed at the Permian-Triassic boundary when the vast majority (c. 95%) of peat-producing plants became extinct. The environmental change marked by the Permian-Triassic boundary is expressed as an abrupt and sharp change in sedimentary regime at the contact between the Rangal Coal Measures and the Sagittarius Sandstone. The stratigraphic record shows no diminution in the thickness, lateral extent or spatial distribution of coal seams prior to the boundary event. The abrupt ecological shift at the Permian-Triassic boundary was coincident with and interrelated to a change in landscape attributes and fluvial style. The boundary shift is considered to reflect a short-period radical atmospheric change accompanied by an abrupt change in plant ecosystems. However, palynological data indicate that it was preceded by a more gradual gross taxonomic progression in the floral succession. The boundary shift is unlikely to reflect change in the tectonic setting of the northern Bowen Basin because the detrital character of clastic sediment supply shows no provenance change within the boundary sequence. The Late Permian fluvial style is characterised by large-scale (up to 1 km wide), sandstone-dominated, low sinuosity, trunk river channel deposits. The trunk river channels were flanked by extensive levee/composite crevasse-splay systems. Channel tracts were relatively stationary in position over enduring periods, and developed stacked sediment accumulations up to 30 m thick. The constrained character of the Late Permian trunk river systems was most likely due to progressive compaction of thick tracts of peat substrate, and the stabilising effect of vegetation adjacent to the channel complex. The well-developed crevasse splays, coupled with the low sinuosity style of the fluvial channels, might suggest a perennial fluvial system, characterised by short discharge periods, as common in high-latitude settings. The fluvial architecture of the Sagittarius Sandstone, the basal formation of the Lower Triassic Rewan Group, is characterised by sheet-like elements, suggestive of broad, shallow channels in a deforested braid-plain setting. The channel deposits are considered to represent highly mobile sandy systems, dominated by a flashy runoff regime. The mass extinction of plants in the northern Bowen Basin at the Permian-Triassic boundary thus had a significant impact on the Early Triassic landscape and fluvial architecture
Author Self-Citation in the Turkish Otorhinolaryngology Literature
No full textObjective:To evaluate the prevalence and other characteristics of author self-citations in six Turkey-originated general otorhinolaryngology (ORL) journals of Turkish ORL literature.Methods:A total of 970 articles published in six Turkey-originated general ORL journals (ENT Updates, Journal of Ear Nose Throat and Head Neck Surgery, KBB-Forum, Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology, The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, and Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology) in 2016-2020 were analyzed for author self-citations. The association between author self-citations and journal types, study types, study topics, country of origin, and compatibility with the topic were also evaluated.Results:There were 265 author self-citations (0.273 per article) which corresponded to 1.36% of all citations. There was no significant difference between the journal types, study topics, and origin of the studies in terms of mean self-citation values per study, whereas case reports had significantly lower self-citations than review and original investigations. There were three citations (1.1%) that were irrelevant to the study topic.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated the practice of author self-citation in Turkish ORL literature. Author self-citation rate in the Turkish-originated general ORL journals was found remarkably lower than the medical literature, whereas the self-citations were found compatible with the study topic to a very large extent. Members of the scientific community including authors, readers, and journal editors should be cautious regarding the unethical practices of self-citations
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