11 research outputs found
Sudden Death and Staged Therapy for Hemodynamic Stabilization in Patients Enrolled in a Heart Transplantation Program
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Neighborhood poverty during childhood prospectively predicts adolescent functional brain network architecture
No full textFamily poverty has been associated with altered brain structure, function, and connectivity in youth. However, few studies have examined how disadvantage within the broader neighborhood may influence functional brain network organization. The present study leveraged a longitudinal community sample of 538 twins living in low-income neighborhoods to evaluate the prospective association between exposure to neighborhood poverty during childhood (6–10 y) with functional network architecture during adolescence (8–19 y). Using resting-state and task-based fMRI, we generated two latent measures that captured intrinsic brain organization across the whole-brain and network levels – network segregation and network segregation-integration balance. While age was positively associated with network segregation and network balance overall across the sample, these associations were moderated by exposure to neighborhood poverty. Specifically, these positive associations were observed only in youth from more, but not less, disadvantaged neighborhoods. Moreover, greater exposure to neighborhood poverty predicted reduced network segregation and network balance in early, but not middle or late, adolescence. These effects were detected both across the whole-brain system as well as specific functional networks, including fronto-parietal, default mode, salience, and subcortical systems. These findings indicate that where children live may exert long-reaching effects on the organization and development of the adolescent brain
Specimen observationum Liuianarum [microform] /
No full textFilmed with: Trompheller, E. / Fünfter Beitrag zur Würdigung des Horaz -- Wartena, J. A. / De geminatione -- Wolff, C. H. A. / De praepositione -- Wolf, O. / Bezeichnung von Ort und Zeit -- Wiedemann / Observationes ad nonnullos T. Livii locos -- Thielemann, C. H. / Ueber Sophokles' Trachinierinnen -- Jurenka, H. / Beiträge zur Kritik -- Tominsek, J. / De compostione -- Novotny, F. / Quo tempore tres priores Horatii carminum libri -- Nussbaum, V. / De morum descriptione -- Neubauer, L. / Cicero und Publilia -- Scholz, F. / De deorum apud Sophoclem -- Wiedemann, F. / Observationes ad nonnullos T. Livii locos -- Scheele, W. / Horatiana -- Schaedel, C. / Fasciculus observationum criticarum -- Haun, C. W. / Cyri disciplina puerili -- Harrer, F. von / Komposition des Plautinischen Pseudolus -- Trompheller, E. L. / Einige Bemerkungen über Cicero's Brutus -- Schroeter, F. M. / De Strabonis itineribus -- Trillhaas, E. / Infinitivus bei Ovid -- Szelinski, E. / Auflösung im Trimeter -- Ullrich, F. / De satiris Horatianis -- Volquardsen / Ueber den angeblichen Unterschied -- Zimmermann, L. C. / Ausführliche Erklärung -- Zincke, P. / Nachbildung der Homerischen "Cyklopeia" -- Trompheller, E. L. / Betrachtungen über die sechs ersten Lieder -- Tophoff, T. / De tutela -- Siegel, E. / "Nomina propria" mit besonderer Berücksichtigung -- Siemers, C. / De loco quodam e Catone maiore -- Trompheller, E. L. / Zweiter Beitrag zur Würdigung der horazischen Dichtweise -- Müller, K. L. / Emendationes Platonicae -- Mullerus, C. F. / De Pacati panegyrico -- Cleanthes ; Sturz, F. W. / Cleanthis hymnum in Iovem -- Kaden, H. / Quaestionum ad Ciceronis Balbianam -- Schilling, M. H. / Observationes in quosdam scriptorum -- Rose, H. / De Aristidis Plutarchei fontibus -- Hübner, E. / Epistles of Cicero -- Schinnerer, J. F. / Über Senecas Schrift an Marcia -- Speliotopoulos, D. / Peri Pherekydou tou Syriou -- Stier, T. / De numero et Achivorum Troiam obsidentium -- Wentzel, G. / [Epikleseis theon] -- Wendland, P. / Quaestiones rhetoricae -- Thiede, E. / Studien über daz Buoch von Troja I-II -- Svedborg, J. / De diis Romanorum -- Mollweide, K. B. / De pisce quem occidens pleias fugit -- Schaubach, J. C. / Observata quaedam in scholia ad Germanici Caesaris -- Schaubach, J. K. / Observationes quaedam in scholia ad Germanici Caesaris prognostica -- Mascov, J. J. / In Q. Horatii Flacci satiras -- Schaumann, E. / Autorum antiquitatis illustrium et classicorum vitae -- Papen, F.-G. von / Thyrsos in der griechischen und römischen Literatur -- Grünmandl, J. / Homerische Haus -- Schwickert, J. J. / Neue kritisch-exegetische Bearbeitung eines Siegesgesanges -- Olzingeros, K. / Peri ton par' Aristophanei -- Nicolaides, G. / Iliade et sa Topographie -- Moiszisstzig, H. / Quaestiones de adjectivis -- Neumann, W. / Melanges philologiques -- Nemethy, G. / De Ovidio -- Oeri, J. / Symmetrie der Verszahlen -- Passow, F. ; Horace / Horatius' vierte Satire -- Plato / Platonuv Ion -- Pliny, the Younger ; Schäfer, J. A. / Probe einer Uebersetzung.Microfilm.Mode of access: Internet
Reconfiguration of functional brain network organization and dynamics with changing cognitive demands in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
No full textBACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by atypical brain network organization and dynamics. Although functional brain networks adaptively reconfigure across cognitive contexts, previous studies have largely focused on network dysfunction during the resting-state. This preliminary study examined how functional brain network organization and dynamics flexibly reconfigure across rest and two cognitive control tasks with different cognitive demands in 30 children with ADHD and 36 typically developing (TD) children (8-12 years). METHODS: We leveraged graph theoretical analyses to interrogate the segregation (modularity, within-module degree) and integration (global efficiency, node dissociation index) of fronto-parietal, cingulo-opercular/salience, default mode, somatomotor, and visual networks. We also conducted edge timeseries analyses to quantify connectivity dynamics within and between these networks. RESULTS: Across resting and task-based states, children with ADHD demonstrated significantly lower whole-graph modularity and greater node dissociation index between default mode and visual networks. Further, a significant task-by-diagnosis interaction was observed for fronto-parietal network within-module degree, which decreased from rest to task in children with ADHD but increased in TD children. Finally, children with ADHD displayed significantly more dynamic connectivity within and across cingulo-opercular/salience, default mode, and somatomotor networks, especially during task performance. Exploratory analyses revealed associations between network dynamics, cognitive performance, and ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating static and dynamic network analyses across changing cognitive demands, this study provides novel insight into how context-specific, context-general, and timescale-dependent network connectivity is altered in children with ADHD. Our findings highlight the involvement and clinical relevance of both association and sensory/motor systems in ADHD
Functional Brain Network Organization and Multi-Domain Resilience to Neighborhood Disadvantage in Youth
No full textThough youth living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience greater risk for poor behavioral and mental health outcomes, many go on to show resilience in the face of adversity. A few recent studies have identified neural markers of resilience in cognitive and affective brain networks, yet the broader network organization supporting resilience in youth remains unknown, particularly in relation to neighborhood disadvantage. Moreover, most studies have defined resilience as the absence of psychopathology, which does not consider growing evidence that resilience also includes positive outcomes across multiple domains (e.g., social, academic). We examined associations between brain network organization and multiple resilience domains in a sample of 708 twins (7-19 years old) recruited from neighborhoods with above-average poverty levels. Graph analysis on functional connectivity data from resting-state and task-based fMRI was used to characterize features of intrinsic whole-brain and network-level organization, from which we explored associations with resilience in three domains: psychological, social, and academic. Fewer connections between a brain network involved in self-referential processing (i.e., default-mode network) and the subcortical system was associated with greater social resilience. Further, greater whole-brain functional integration (i.e., efficiency) was associated with better psychological resilience among youth with relatively lower levels of cumulative adversity exposure. Alternatively, lower whole-brain efficiency and higher whole-brain robustness to disruption (i.e., assortativity) were associated with greater psychological and social resilience among youth with relatively higher levels of cumulative adversity. These findings advance support for multidimensional resilience models and reveal distinct neural mechanisms supporting resilience to neighborhood disadvantage across specific domains in youth
Developmental timing of associations among parenting, brain architecture, and mental health
No full textImportanceParenting is associated with brain development and long-term health outcomes, although whether these associations depend on the developmental timing of exposure remains understudied. Identifying these sensitive periods can inform when and how parenting is associated with neurodevelopment and risk for mental illness.ObjectiveTo characterize how harsh and warm parenting during early, middle, and late childhood are associated with brain architecture during adolescence and, in turn, psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, 21-year observational, longitudinal birth cohort study of low-income youths and families from Detroit, Michigan; Toledo, Ohio; and Chicago, Illinois, used data from the Future of Families and Child Well-being Study. Data were collected from February 1998 to June 2021. Analyses were conducted from May to October 2023.ExposuresParent-reported harsh parenting (psychological aggression or physical aggression) and observer-rated warm parenting (responsiveness) at ages 3, 5, and 9 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were brainwide (segregation, integration, and small-worldness), circuit (prefrontal cortex [PFC]–amygdala connectivity), and regional (betweenness centrality of amygdala and PFC) architecture at age 15 years, determined using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and youth-reported anxiety and depression symptoms at age 21 years. The structured life-course modeling approach was used to disentangle timing-dependent from cumulative associations between parenting and brain architecture.ResultsA total of 173 youths (mean [SD] age, 15.88 [0.53] years; 95 female [55%]) were included. Parental psychological aggression during early childhood was positively associated with brainwide segregation (β = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.45) and small-worldness (β = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.28), whereas parental psychological aggression during late childhood was negatively associated with PFC-amygdala connectivity (β = −0.37; 95% CI, −0.55 to −0.12). Warm parenting during middle childhood was positively associated with amygdala centrality (β = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.38) and negatively associated with PFC centrality (β = −0.18; 95% CI, −0.31 to −0.03). Warmer parenting during middle childhood was associated with reduced anxiety (β = −0.05; 95% CI −0.10 to −0.01) and depression (β = −0.05; 95% CI −0.10 to −0.003) during early adulthood via greater adolescent amygdala centrality.Conclusions and RelevanceNeural associations with harsh parenting were widespread across the brain in early childhood but localized in late childhood. Neural associations with warm parenting were localized in middle childhood and, in turn, were associated with mental health during future stress. These developmentally contingent associations can inform the type and timing of interventions
Author Correction: An analysis-ready and quality controlled resource for pediatric brain white-matter research
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Erratum: An analysis-ready and quality controlled resource for pediatric brain white-matter research
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