1,721,076 research outputs found
Effects of alternative protein sources on rumen microbes and productivity of dairy cows
No full textThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of various protein sources on digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. Four Holstein Friesian native crossbred cows in early lactating were randomly assigned according to a 4x4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments containing different protein sources in concentrate diets were soybean meal (SBM), cassava hay (CH), Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and yeast-fermented cassava chips (YEFECAP), with ad libitum intake of urea-treated rice straw. Digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and ADF was not different among treatments (P>0.05) while CP digestibility was highest (P<0.05) in CH and YEFECAP supplemented groups. Ruminal NH3-N and BUN concentrations varied among protein sources and were highest in SBM and LL fed groups (P<0.05). Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and propionic acid were found highest in cows receiving CH and YEFECAP (P<0.05). Ruminal fungi, proteolytic and cellulolytic bacteria were highest when YEFECAP was supplemented. Milk fat and milk protein were significantly increased (P<0.05) in cows fed with CH and YEFECAP. Based on this study, it was concluded that providing CH or YEFECAP as protein source in concentrate diets could improve rumen fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed on rice straw
Buffalo feed efficiency: optimizing the use of fibrous biomass carbon to enhance production while mitigating rumen methane emission
Full text linkBuffaloes are one of the important ruminants contributing to food security in the form of meat and milk, as well as their by-products such as skin, horns, and manure. The buffalo’s meat, milk, and their products have been revealed to have high nutritious values, especially the protein and amino acids profiles and some essential bioactive compounds for health and well-being. Above all, the buffaloes are the smart ruminants in converting the high fibrous feeds, in particular, the agricultural biomass and industrial by-products, by enhancing the rumen fermentation end-products via the anaerobic Embden-Mey-erhof-Parnas pathway while mitigating rumen methane emission. Concerning the rumen microbiomes of buffaloes, it has been reported that they were highly diversified and relatively higher-abundant compared to cattle, leading to enhanced total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and lower methane production, the biogenic methane. The current advanced analysis using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of rumen microbiomes offered a more insightful understanding of their ability to degrade more fibrous feeds, especially agricultural crop residues, low-quality roughages, and some plastic materials. Relative abundances of the predominant bacterial population have been found under the phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes such as Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefeciens, and Fibro-bacter succinogenes and Prevotella ruminocola. Enormous agricultural biomass has been commonly available globally as a result of crop cultivation, especially those of straws, stovers, vines, and tops, as well as industrial by-products such as pineapple peels, cassava pulp, sugarcane bagasse, sorghum residues. Despite their abundance, their nutritive values contain a low crude protein level, and high lignocellulosic is additionally encountered. Hence, simple and practical pre-treatment such as the urea-lime (2+2% U-lime) has been successfully exploited to enhance the crude protein content and digestibility of nutrients while mitigating the rumen methane production. The U-lime treated rice straw and supplementation of phyto-nutrient fruit-peel pellets (MARABAC) have significantly improved rumen fermentation in the ruminants. Therefore, dietary manipulation based on the pre-treatment of the fibrous feeds and supplementation of phytonutrient pellets should be more intervened. Furthermore, the feeding interventions based on the use of locally available resources should be extensively exploited, focusing on the hands-on establishment (E), development (D), utilization (U), and sustainability (S) (EDUS) for all engaged stakeholders of farm level up to the industrial plat- form, ultimately, the buffalo production scenario would be economically viable and environmentally friendly system
New roughage source of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham utilization for ruminants feeding under global climate change
No full textNew roughage source of cv. Mahasarakham utilization for ruminants feeding under global climate change
No full textObjective As the climate changes, it influences ruminant’s feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen methane production and emission. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding Sweet grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mahasarakham; SG) as a new source of good quality forage to improve feed utilization efficiency and to mitigate rumen methane production and emission. Methods Four, growing crossbred of Holstein Friesian heifers, 14 months old, were arranged in a 4×4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. Treatment 1 (T1) was rice straw (RS) fed on ad libitum with 1.0% body weight (BW) of concentrate (C) supplementation (RS/1.0C). Treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3) were SG, fed on ad libitum with 1.0% and 0.5% BW of concentrate supplementation, respectively (SG/1.0C and SG/0.5C, respectively). Treatment 4 (T4) was total Sweet grass fed on ad libitum basis with non-concentrate supplementation (TSG). Results The results revealed that roughage and total feed intake were increased with SG when compared to RS (p0.05). Conclusion As the results, SG could be a good forage to improve rumen fermentation, decrease methane production and reduced the level of concentrate supplementation for growing ruminants in the tropics especially under global climate change
Diversity of Rumen Anaerobic Fungi and Methanogenic Archaea in Swamp Buffalo Influenced by Various Diets
No full textMethane Production and Methanogen Population in Rumen Liquor of Swamp Buffalo as Influenced by Coconut Oil and Mangosteen Peel Powder Supplementation
No full textChemical composition and in vitro gas production of fermented cassava pulp with different types of supplements
No full textThe effect of different additives on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and dry matter (DM) disappearance of cassava pulp was investigated. The experiment used the completely randomized design with 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with control. The control treatment was cassava pulp fermentation without any supplementation. Factor A was a type of microbes including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or a mixture of microbes (effective microorganisms (EM)), factor B was supplementation of molasses and urea (MU), and factor C was supplementation of a mixture of exogenous enzyme. It was found that the interaction between factors A and C was significant for crude protein (CP), non-protein nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents. MU supplementation increased the CP content of fermented cassava pulp; however, EM and MU addition resulted in a significantly lower NSC and higher neutral detergent fibre fractions than the control. The supplementation showed higher gas production when compared with un-supplemented group, particularly when MU were added. However, DM disappearance was not affected by type of microbe, urea–molasses addition or exogenous enzyme supplement. Thus, the nutritive value of fermented cassava pulp with yeast and EM was improved by MU supplementation but not by exogenous enzyme addition
Cassava chip (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an energy source for ruminant feeding
No full textCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is widely grown in sub-tropical and tropical areas, producing roots as an energy source while the top biomass including leaves and immature stems can be sun-dried and used as cassava hay. Cassava roots can be processed as dried chip or pellet. It is rich in soluble carbohydrate (75 to 85%) but low in crude protein (2 to 3%). Its energy value is comparable to corn meal but has a relatively higher rate of rumen degradation. Higher levels of non-protein nitrogen especially urea (1 to 4%) can be successfully incorporated in concentrates containing cassava chip as an energy source. Cassava chip can also be processed with urea and other ingredients (tallow, sulfur, raw banana meal, cassava hay, and soybean meal) to make products such as cassarea, cassa-ban, and cassaya. Various studies have been conducted in ruminants using cassava chip to replace corn meal in the concentrate mixtures and have revealed satisfactory results in rumen fermentation efficiency and the subsequent production of meat and milk. In addition, it was advantageous when used in combination with rice bran in the concentrate supplement. Practical home-made-concentrate using cassava chip can be easily prepared for use on farms. A recent development has involved enriching protein in cassava chips, yielding yeast fermented cassava chip protein (YEFECAP) of up to 47.5% crude protein, which can be used to replace soybean meal. It is therefore, recommended to use cassava chip as an alternative source of energy to corn meal when the price is economical and it is locally available
gas production in rumen fluid of buffalo as affected by urea‐calcium mixture in high‐quality feed block
No full textComparison of silage and hay of dwarf Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) fed to Thai native beef bulls
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