86,648 research outputs found
Are French Universities Still Emerging. Path dependency Phenomena and Innovative Reforms in France.
No full textLes états - providence
Get PDFKaufmann F-X. Les états - providence. In: Merrien F-X, ed. Face à la pauvreté: l'Occident et les pauvres hier et aujourd'hui. Paris: Ed. de l'Atelier; 1994: 231-252
The role of cannabinoid receptors, G alpha z, and B cell receptor in lymphoma pathobiology with focus on chemotaxis
No full textMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) are two incurable B cell malignancies, with an overall survival of 5 to 8 years and 6 to 10 years, respectively. Therapies are available but are often very aggressive, and patients relapse due to minimal residual disease. Minimal residual disease is defined by the presence of few malignant cells that escaped from therapy, mainly due to the survival signals provided by non-malignant cells from the tissue environment, in lymph nodes and in bone marrow. Alternative and targeted therapies are under investigation to increase patient overall survival and to reduce the risks of relapses. However, some patients do not respond to these treatments, as malignant cells develop mechanisms that prevent the drug efficacy. Many factors have already been depicted to contribute to MCL pathogenesis, and in this thesis, a new potential actor in MCL pathobiology is described, the protein G alpha z (Gαz). The gene encoding for Gαz, GNAZ is overexpressed in most MCL cases compared to B lymphocytes from reactive lymph nodes. It was found that GNAZ expression correlates with lymphocytosis, and inversely correlates with the cannabinoid receptor type 1 previously described as a receptor potentially involved in the egress and/or retention of MCL cells within the tissue. Although the downregulation of GNAZ did not affect cell survival, proliferation or chemotaxis in vitro, its potential role in MCL pathobiology is of interest and needs further investigation. Moreover, we characterize a co-culture in vitro system of MCL cell lines with mesenchymal stromal cells that permitted to identify differentially expressed genes between cells from different tissue origin. The JeKo-1 MCL cell line from peripheral blood origin, utilized the BCR signalling pathway to adhere to stromal cells, while the Rec-1 MCL cell line from lymph node origin did not, which conferred resistance to BCR targeted therapies. This system could be useful for testing patient samples to determinate a potential resistance before treatment decision. Finally, the endocannabinoid system has been previously identified as dysregulated in both MCL and CLL. Here, we provide a new role of the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in chemotaxis of malignant B cells, regulated by both cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2. This endocannabinoid did not only induce chemotaxis by itself but also modulated the chemotaxis towards the chemokine CXCL12. In addition, a single administration of the natural cannabinoids, THC and CBD, in lymphoma patients promoted the redistribution of malignant cells from peripheral blood, and also affected non-malignant immune cells in blood. This potential negative effect of cannabinoids on the immune cells should be taken into consideration, knowing that around 25% ofList of scientific papersI. Mundt F,* Merrien M,* Nygren L, Sutton LA, Christensson B, Wahlin BE, Rosenquist R, Sander B, Wasik AM. Expression of GNAZ, encoding the Gαz protein, predicts survival in mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2019 May;185(4):708-712. *First authors equal contribution. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15810 II. Sadeghi L,* Arvidsson G,* Merrien M, Wasik AM, Görgens A, Smith CIE, Sander B, Wright AP. Differential B-Cell Receptor Signaling Requirement for Adhesion of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells to Stromal Cells. Cancers (Basel). 2020 May 2;12(5):1143. *First authors equal contribution. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051143 III. Magali Merrien, Agata M. Wasik, Christopher M. Melén, Kristina Sonnevi, Henna-Riikka Junlén, Birger Christensson, Björn E. Wahlin and Birgitta Sander. 2-arachidonoylglycerol modulates the CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis in mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [Manuscript]IV. Christopher M. Melén*, Magali Merrien*, Agata M. Wasik, Georgios Panagiotidis, Olof Beck, Kristina Sonnevi, Henna-Riikka Junlén, Birger Christensson, Birgitta Sander**, Björn Engelbrekt Wahlin.** A single dose of cannabinoids transiently affects malignant B cells and CXCR4 expression in patients with indolent B-cell leukemia. *First authors equal contribution, **Last authors equal contribution. [Manuscript]</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The residual shear strength mobilised by slow active landslides
No full textSlow translational landslides are widespread phenomena in Italy, especially in stiff clay and clay shale deposits. After the triggering phase, which is generally characterized by moderate to rapid velocity, the landslide turns into a slow slope movement driven by fluctuations of the water table, which lead to consistent variations of the displacement rate. Such a behaviour is generally assumed to be governed by soil viscosity; in particular, the increase of the mobilized friction angle with the displacement rate is attributed to rate effects, which however in many cases seem to be overestimated. The paper focuses on some aspects of the problem that are often neglected
XAS Study of Hole Density and Symmetry in a Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d Single Crystal
No full textA complete set of polarized XAS spectra at copper L3-, oxygen K- and bismuth L3-edges have been recorded on the same well characterized single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta superconductor. The copper L3-edges show clearly the decrease of the 3d9 L line intensity when the electric field E of the incident X-ray beam rotates from the (a, b) plane to the c-axis direction. This result is in agreement with the x, y symmetry of the doping holes as shown by the oxygen K-edges without any ambiguity. The remaining intensity of the main 3d9 line on the copper L3-edge recorded with E parallel to c-axis let us assume that some holes could be created in the 3d3z2-r2 by overlapping with either the oxygen 2p(x,y) or the copper 4s orbitals. As observed before, the bismuth L3-edges show clearly the energy shift of the superconductor spectra towards low energy with respect to Bi(III) references confirming again the [Bi-O]infinity layers as electron reservoir. A maximum of this shift has been observed for E parallel to (a,b) in agreement with the presence of long Bi-O distances and o extra electrons in the bismuth layers
Les migrations internationales des médecins d'Afrique : entre stratégies d'acteurs, politiques nationales et débats internationaux : les cas du Royaume-Uni, de la France et de la Suisse
No full textRésumé
Le débat sur la migration des professionnels de santé issus des pays pauvres, et particulièrement
des pays africains, date principalement des années 90. La mise sur agenda international du
problème est liée d'une part aux inquiétudes vis-à-vis de la détérioration globale des conditions de
santé en Afrique et à la péjoration du ratio personnel qualifié/population et d'autre part aux effets
des politiques volontaristes d'appel aux spécialistes des pays en développement de la part de
plusieurs pays du nord. Les experts soulignent le contraste entre le recrutement croissant de
personnels de santé qualifiés (infirmières, médecins) par les pays riches et le déficit de personnels
de santé dans les pays du sud et principalement en Afrique subsaharienne. Le discours dominant
s'écrit sous le mode de la dramatisation.
L'ampleur de l'exode du personnel de santé et ses conséquences pour l'Afrique suscitent un
nouvel intérêt pour la recherche sur le « brain drain » dans le secteur de la santé. Un grand nombre
d'analyse cherche à mieux comprendre les rapports entre le « push » (les motifs qui poussent les
professionnels de santé à vouloir partir) et le « pull » (la demande des pays développés).
Notre travail de recherche, suscité par les interrogations internationales vise également à mesurer
et à comprendre les facteurs de la migration des médecins africains. Toutefois, il se distingue de la
littérature dominante en accordant une place particulière aux arrangements institutionnels des pays
d'accueil et à la manière dont ils régulent l'accueil des médecins africains.
Après avoir analysé d'un point de vue statistique les flux migratoires des médecins et avoir
approfondi par des entretiens les raisons qui poussent au départ, notre thèse vise à mettre en
évidence l'importance considérable de l'héritage et des arrangements institutionnels dans la place
accordée aux médecins africains dans la profession médicale des pays d'accueil. Pour approfondir
le second aspect, notre thèse a opté pour la comparaison de trois cas de figures nationaux offrant
des contrastes importants: le Royaume-Uni, la France et la Suisse. Les trois pays diffèrent de
manière flagrante par la place qu'occupent les médecins étrangers dans le secteur de la santé et
plus spécifiquement des médecins d'origine africaine. L'analyse des conditions de recrutement et
de la place qui est accordé aux médecins africains dans les pays européens révèle que les
migrations des professionnels de santé et l'insertion professionnelle des médecins africains sont
avant tout déterminées par les arrangements institutionnels instaurés par les différents pays au
cours de leur histoire.
Chacun des trois pays a construit de manière spécifique sa relation avec les médecins formés à
l'étranger et avec les médecins africains. Les trois pays choisis illustrent trois modèles d'emploi
des médecins africains : un modèle libéral de recrutement (UK), un modèle corporatiste (France)
et un modèle « conservateur » (Suisse). L'européanisation exerce des effets différents dans les
trois systèmes. Le recrutement européen devient la règle privilégiée du recrutement qui renforce
les tendances à l' « exclusion » en France et en Suisse et conforte un retournement de politiques
publiques amorcé depuis plusieurs années au Royaume-Uni.
L'analyse des trajectoires globales et des spécificités nationales d'emploi révèle également le
caractère fortement réducteur du discours global sur les migrations internationales des médecins et
les possibles contradictions entre une éthique dite du développement (« hostile aux migrations des
médecins en provenance des pays pauvres ») et une éthique du droit de la personne (« le droit
universel de migrer »)
[Newspaper Clipping: Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin #1]
No full textNewspaper article titled "Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin." The article states that author Richard J. Whalen concluded "that there is circumstantial evidence to support the theory of a second assassin in the shooting of President John F. Kennedy.
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
John F. Kennedy telegram to Roosevelt
No full textJersey Homesteads (later the Borough of Roosevelt) was established in the 1930s as an agro-industrial cooperative community. It was established specifically for urban Jewish garment workers, many of whom had emigrated from Europe. President John F. Kennedy sent a telegram to the citizens of Roosevelt, New Jersey, apologizing for not being able to attend the memorial dedication in honor of former President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Jersey Homesteads became Roosevelt in 1945 in honor of the president.) President Kennedy expressed his gratitude to the people of Roosevelt for constructing the memorial, and commented that it will serve as a constant reminder of Roosevelt's good works
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