4,901 research outputs found
Effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute coronary events: a country-wide study.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Several studies have reported a reduction in acute coronary events (ACEs) in the general population after the enforcement of smoking regulations, although there is uncertainty concerning the magnitude of the effect of such interventions. We conducted a country-wide evaluation of the health effects of the introduction of a smoking ban in public places, using data on hospital admissions for ACEs from the Italian population after the implementation of a national smoking regulation in January 2005.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: Rates of admission for ACEs in the 20 Italian regions from January 2002 to November 2006 were analysed using mixed-effect regression models that allowed for long-term trends and seasonality. Standard methods for interrupted time-series were adopted to assess the immediate and gradual effects of the smoking ban. Effect modification by age was investigated, with the assumption that exposure to passive smoking in public places would be greater among young people. In total, 936,519 hospital admissions for ACEs occurred in the Italian population during the study period. A 4% reduction in hospital admissions for ACEs among persons aged less than 70 years was evident after the introduction of the ban (Rate Ratio [RR], 0.96; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.95-0.98). No effect was found among persons aged at least 70 years (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.02). Effect modification by age was further suggested by analyses using narrower age categories.
CONCLUSIONS: Smoke-free policies can constitute a simple and inexpensive intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and thus should be included in prevention programmes
Repeatability of innervation zone identification in the external anal sphincter muscle
Get PDFKnowledge of the distribution of the innervation zones (IZs) of the external anal sphincter (EAS) may be useful for preventing anal sphincter incompetence during vaginal delivery. A method proposed for the automatic estimation of the distribution of IZs of EAS from high-density surface electromyography (EMG) was evaluated for repeatability in continent volunteers. Methods: In 13 healthy female subjects (age: 35 11 years) surface EMG signals were acquired using an anal probe with three circumferential electrode arrays (of 16 contacts each) at different depths within the anal canal (15mm distance between the centers of adjacent arrays), during four independent experimental sessions. Three maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of 10 sec were performed for each session for a total of 12 contractions per subject. Repeatability of the estimation of the distribution of IZ was tested by evaluating the coefficient of multiple correlations (CMC) between the IZ distributions estimated from the signals recorded from each subject. Results: A high repeatability (CMC > 0.8) was found comparing IZ distributions estimated from signals recorded by each array within the same session. A slightly lower value was obtained considering signals recorded during different sessions (CMC > 0.7), but a higher value (CMC > 0.8) was obtained after aligning the estimated IZ distributions. The realignment compensates for the operator's error in repositioning the probe in the same position during different sessions. Conclusion: This result justifies clinical studies using high-density surface EMG in routine examinations, providing information about IZs of EAS and assessing the possibilities of preventing neuronal trauma during vaginal delivery
Introduzione volume "Fra' Giuseppe Desa da Copertino. Processo Neretino di Beatificazione (1664)"
No full textProcesso Neretino del 1664 per la Beatificazione di Giuseppe Desa da Copertino con la trascrizione di tutte le testimonianze
Authors's response to: Football matches and acute cardiac events: Potential effects of a complex psychosocial phenomenon on cardiovascular health
No full textPopulation attributable risk for occupational cancer in Italy
No full textPopulation studies estimating the proportion of cancer attributable to occupation (PAR) in different geographical areas in Italy are reviewed. Studies using lists of industrial activities and occupations which are known or suspected to entail exposure to lung carcinogens gave lung cancer PARs between 5% and 36%. Those using job-exposure matrices estimated PARs of 3%-53%, with most of the values ranging between 17 and 33%. For bladder cancer, PARs ranged between 4% and 24%. The uses and limitations of calculating population attribultable risk are discussed
L'altro Champollion: gli autografi conservati nel 'Fondo Champollion' della Biblioteca Comunale 'Manfrediana' di Faenza
No full textThe present article examines aspects pertaining the still-little-known philological studies Jean-François Champollion conducted during his years as a professor in Grenoble and at the Collège de France, through the analysis of the documents preserved in the Fondo Champollion of the Biblioteca Comunale «Manfrediana», Faenza. The archival units comprise handwritten documents, drawings and prints which complete the Fonds preserved in Paris at the Bibliothèque N ationale de France and in Leiden at the Rijkmuseum van Oudheden. The article offers a history of the Fondo with particular emphasis on the circumstances under which they became part of the collection of the Library of Faenza through their inclusion among the papers of Francesco Salvolini. The article analyses the content of the papers preserved in the Fondo Champollion, offering new insight as to their chronology, paternity and a critical history of our knowledge concerning the path that led Champollion to the deciphering of hieroglyphs.
The second part of the article delves into the particular content of the documents of the Fondo Champollion of the Biblioteca Comunale «Manfrediana», Faenza. Champollion’s activity as a numismatist in connection to Champollion’s Arabic studies are analysed first. Champollion’s interest in the Arabic language follows. This concerns Arabic poetry and the relation between the Arabic and Egyptian languages on which the article concentrates more in detail through a transcription and commentary of the unpublished Combinaison d’idées egyptiennes chez les arabes
Short-term effects of Italian smoking regulation on rates of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction.
Get PDFAIMS:We used the hospital discharge records of Piedmont region (northern Italy) to evaluate whether a national law banning smoking in public resulted in a short-term reduction in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
METHODS AND RESULTS:Rates of admission for AMI before the ban (October-December 2004) and during the ban (February-June 2005) were analysed. Each period was compared with the corresponding period 12 months before. Among persons aged under 60, the number of admissions for AMI decreased significantly after the introduction of the ban: from 922 cases in February-June 2004 to 832 cases in February-June 2005 (sex- and age-adjusted rate ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.98). No decrease was seen before the ban. No effect was found among persons aged at least 60. We estimated that the observed reduction in active smoking after the introduction of the ban could account for a 0.7% decrease in admissions for AMI during the study period, suggesting that most of the observed effect (11%) might be due to the reduction of passive smoking.
CONCLUSION:Our study, based on a population of about 4 million inhabitants, suggests that smoke-free policies may result in a short-term reduction in admissions for AMI
Effetti del bando del fumo nei locali pubblici sui ricoveri per infarto del miocardio in Piemonte: evidenza di un amodificazione d’effetto dovuta all’età
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