168,326 research outputs found
Merkel
No full textPlat of the town of Merkel, Texas which appears to have been part of a survey for the Texas & Pacific Railway Company. The various blocks of the town are divided to show the property lines. A legal statement at the top of the page asserts that the map is an accurate representation of the town and is signed by the land commissioner for the railway company. An inset in the upper-left corner shows the Grimes County School land. The map appears to have been sketched on a page from a ledger. Scale 1:3,600 (This map, Scale 1"=300', Drawn on Record 1"=200'
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Origin and regenerative potential of vertebrate mechanoreceptor-associated stem cells
No full textWidera D, Hauser S, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Origin and regenerative potential of vertebrate mechanoreceptor-associated stem cells. Anatomy Research International. 2012;2012:1-9.Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell neurite complexes are highly specialized mechanoreceptors present in the hairy and glabrous skin, as well as in different types of mucosa. Several reports suggest that after injury, such as after nerve crush, freeze injury, or dissection of the nerve, they are able to regenerate, particularly including reinnervation and repopulation of the mechanoreceptors by Schwann cells. However, little is known about mammalian cells responsible for these regenerative processes. Here we review cellular origin of this plasticity in the light of newly described adult neural crest-derived stem cell populations. We also discuss further potential multipotent stem cell populations with the ability to regenerate disrupted innervation and to functionally recover the mechanoreceptors. These capabilities are discussed as in context to cellularly reprogrammed Schwann cells and tissue resident adult mesenchymal stem cells
Expression of developmentally regulated transcription factors in Merkel cell carcinoma
No full textWe have examined a number of developmentally regulated transcription factors for expression in Merkel cells and MCC cell lines and demonstrated that their expression patterns may be prognostic in MCC. We have shown that human Merkel cells from adult scalp hair follicle and from neonatal foreskin epidermal sheets express Brn-3c and HATH1. In addition, results demonstrate that the novel Merkel binding activity complex MNF contains Brn-3c. Moreover, Classic lines which retain neuroendocrine phenotype, are slow growing in culture, grow in suspension and are thought to be less aggressive, retain Brn-2, Brn-3c and HATH1 expression, whereas Variant suspension lines which no longer express NE markers retain Brn-2 and Brn-3c expression, but lack HATH1. Further, Type IV Variant lines which grow as adherent monolayers have shorter doubling times, are more radiation- resistant and have higher cloning efficiencies in soft agar, all thought to be indicative of aggressive tumours, have reduced or no Brn-2 proteins and lack expression of Brn-3c and HATH1 transcription factors.No Full Tex
Expression of developmentally regulated transcription factors in merkel cell carcinoma
No full textWe have examined a number of developmentally regulated transcription factors for expression in Merkel cells and MCC cell lines and demonstrated that their expression patterns may be prognostic in MCC. We have shown that human Merkel cells from adult scalp hair follicle and from neonatal foreskin epidermal sheets express Brn-3c and HATH1. In addition, results demonstrate that the novel Merkel binding activity complex MNF contains Brn-3c. Moreover, Classic lines which retain neuroendocrine phenotype, are slow growing in culture, grow in suspension and are thought to be less aggressive, retain Brn-2, Brn-3c and HATH1 expression, whereas Variant suspension lines which no longer express NE markers retain Brn-2 and Brn-3c expression, but lack HATH1. Further, Type IV Variant lines which grow as adherent monolayers have shorter doubling times, are more radiation- resistant and have higher cloning efficiencies in soft agar, all thought to be indicative of aggressive tumours, have reduced or no Brn-2 proteins and lack expression of Brn-3c and HATH1 transcription factors.No Full Tex
Molecular expression associated with vibrissa follicle development and differentiation
No full textThe hair follicle is a complex mini-organ formed as a result of epithelial mesenchymal interactions, provided by three different stem cell sources: epithelial, neural crest and mesenchymal. Hair follicle morphogenesis is directed by a distinct set of molecular signals which are unique to each stage of development. These interactions continue into the adult cycle, represented by periods of rapid growth (anagen), apoptosis driven regression (catagen), a period of relative quiescence (telogen) and shedding of the club hair (exogen). Many of the molecules involved have been elucidated such as Wnts, Bmps, Fgfs, TGF-ßs and Shh amongst others. However, the nature of their regulation and effect on gene expression is still unclear. Id proteins are emerging as powerful players in the transcriptional control of many fundamental biological processes, such as the cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and lineage commitment. As a result, the expression patterns of Id2 and Ids were investigated by immunocytochemistry in developing and adult vibrissae. Wistar rats aged E14toP4 were used to cover all stages of vibrissae development (stages 0-6+) and 3-6 month old rats for the adult stages. This thesis reports that high Id2 expression was seen in specialised neuroendocrine cells (Merkel cells) of the hair follicle and basal epidermis, confirmed by co-expression of the Merkel cell marker, cytokeratin-20. This post-mitotic Id2 expression continued through postnatal ages and into the adult follicle. Staining with Id3 was characterised by cytoplasmic, basally polarised expression in the epithelia of stage 1-4 follicles. After this stage, expression switched to being nuclear with high levels in many different cell types including the dermal papilla, dermal sheath and outer root sheath, ш and Id3 expression was also investigated in retinole acid induced differentiation of E13.5 and E14 mystacial pads, studying the glandular morphogenesis of vibrissae and the effect on Id protein expression. Ш and Id3 immunoreactivity was cytoplasmic and polarised but no evidence of nuclear staining was seen.Id2 and ИЗ expression in developing vibrissae is reported here for the first time, describing the profiles of these proteins during hair follicle development and differentiation. These findings highlight an important cytoplasmic role for Id proteins in development and may have implications for reciprocal epithelial- mesenchymal interactions, pattern formation and stem cells in the hair follicle
Shh signaling activity is required for Merkel cell formation.
No full text(A-C) IF stainings for Merkel cell (MC) markers Krt20 (K20) (A,C), Isl1 (B), Krt8 (K8) (B), and Sox2 (C) show a complete absence of Merkel cells in E18 Shh KO (ShhEGFPcre/EGFPcre) mice compared to control (ctrl). Quantification of Krt8(+) and Krt20(+) Merkel cells in control and Shh KO E18 skin (right panel of B) (Krt8 p = 0.0005 and Krt20 p = 0.0001). (D) TUNEL staining shows no increase in apoptosis in the skin of E18 Shh KO mice. (E) IF stainings for Merkel cell markers Krt18 (K18) and Sox2 show a complete absence of Merkel cells in E16 Shh KO mice when compared to control. Sox2 also labels the dermal condensate (dc). (F) TUNEL staining shows no increase in apoptosis in the Krt14(+) basal layer of E16 Shh KO mice when compared to control. Note that cells undergoing cornification in the suprabasal layers are TUNEL(+), as previously reported [33]. (G,I,J) IF stainings for Merkel cell (MC) markers Krt20 (G,I), Krt8 (J), Isl1 (J), and Sox2 (I) show a complete absence of Merkel cells in P0 Shh epidermis-conditional knockout (Shh cKO) (K14-Cre; Shhflox/flox) mice compared to control. Quantification of Krt8(+) and Krt20(+) Merkel cells in control and Shh cKO P0 skin (right panel of J) (both pflox/flox mice. Note that cells undergoing cornification in the suprabasal layers are TUNEL(+). Scale bars: (A,G): 100μm; (B-F; H-J): 25 μm.</p
Lewis-Base-Stabilized Dichlorosilylene: A Two-Electron σ-Donor Ligand
No full textLi J, Merkel S, Henn J, et al. Lewis-Base-Stabilized Dichlorosilylene: A Two-Electron σ-Donor Ligand. Inorganic Chemistry. 2010;49(3):775-777
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Merkel Cell Tumor of the Thigh
No full textThis case of a Merkel cell carcinoma is unusual due to the occurrence of the tumor on the thigh; most Merkel cell tumors have been found on the sun-exposed region of the head and neck. Histologically, the nodule was composed of sheets of uniform, poorly differentiated cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. Electron miscroscopy revealed perinuclear filaments, scattered dense core granules, and complex, interdigitating processes within cytoplasmic membranes. Treatment consisted of surgical excision of the tumor with a wide margin.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72478/1/j.1524-4725.1988.tb03374.x.pd
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