1,540 research outputs found
Geotextiel: Ontwerpmethodieken
No full textSyllabus van een Studiedag van NGO: Ontwerpfilosofie -- reinforcing fabrics under embankments of soft sub-soils - a calculation method -- voorlopige richlijnen, eisen en keuringsmethoden voor de toepassing van geotextielen onder steenfunderingen -- ontwerpmethoden waterdoorlatende bodemverdedigingsconstructies -- ontwerpen met verticale drainage -- de toepassing van geotextielen in ontwateringssystemen voor cultuuronderzoek -- de vertaling van ontwerpnormen in besteksspecificaties
Northern NGO advocacy: perceptions, reality, and the challenge
No full textThis article reports the results of and conclusions from a survey of Northern NGOs conducted during 1998 and 1999 for the purposes of testing generalised criticisms of Northern NGO advocacy and providing benchmarks for further research on the policy impact of the Washington Advocacy office of Oxfam International. Based on the survey findings, the author challenges Northern NGOs to evaluate more thoroughly their advocacy so that they may effectively demonstrate their advocacy achievements and, by so doing, confidently invest a greater proportion of resources into advocacy programmes which effectively contribute to their goals of reducing poverty
LinkMind: Link Optimization in Swarming Mobile Sensor Networks
No full textA swarming mobile sensor network is comprised of a swarm of wirelessly connected mobile robots equipped with various sensors. Such a network can be applied in an uncertain environment for services such as cooperative navigation and exploration, object identification and information gathering. One of the most advantageous properties of the swarming wireless sensor network is that mobile nodes can work cooperatively to organize an ad-hoc network and optimize the network link capacity to maximize the transmission of gathered data from a source to a target. This paper describes a new method of link optimization of swarming mobile sensor networks. The new method is based on combination of the artificial potential force guaranteeing connectivities of the mobile sensor nodes and the max-flow min-cut theorem of graph theory ensuring optimization of the network link capacity. The developed algorithm is demonstrated and evaluated in simulation
Nongovernmental organizations and health delivery in sub-Saharan Africa
Get PDFThis paper attempts to present the distinctive characteristics - both positive and negative - of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as institutions for providing health care. It reviews the historical role of NGOs as vital contributors to health care delivery in Africa and looks at how the current environment has brought NGOs to the fore. It analyzes the implications of the trend among donors to channel resources to developing countries through NGOs and discusses various policy options governments have employed in relation to NGOs. Finally, it raises some unanswered questions about environments conducive to NGO activity and contributing to roles that NGOs can be encouraged to fulfill without sacrificing their very strength in the development process.Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Housing&Human Habitats,Regional Rural Development
Highly cited research papers converging on SE, NGO and globalization topics, source: Formulated by author using MS Excel (2016).
No full textHighly cited research papers converging on SE, NGO and globalization topics, source: Formulated by author using MS Excel (2016).</p
The role of nongovernmental organizations in primary education - a study of six NGOs in India
Get PDFNongovernmental organizations (NGOs) extend education to underprivileged children in India, and develop innovations that improve the quality of primary education. In this study of six NGOs working with school-age children in India, the author shows the potential benefits of a government-NGO alliance to achieve universal primary education. The author emphasizes several areas in which collaboration can be particularly fruitful. 1) Targeting under-served children: The Government could support the efforts of NGOs to bring out-of-school children into schools, through timely supply of teachers, classroom space, and other resources. Targeted action is needed to reach different types of out-of-school children - those who work, those who live in slums, those on the street, those who are members of tribes, or of migrant families, and those who live in places without schools. To encourage young, first-generation learners to stay in school, requires a supportive, and nurturing environment. To help make learning interesting, and worthwhile for such children, teachers in government schools could receive special training in new methods developed by NGOs. 2) Enhancing quality: Improving the quality of education requires working closely with key agents of change, such as teachers, school heads, school management committees, and village education committees. To develop a cadre of trainers for primary school teachers, teacher training institutes would do well to evaluate, and learn from NGO models for teacher training. Teachers need a range of knowledge, and skills to teach underprivileged children effectively. Here again, NGO models would be a useful tool for teacher training institutes. NGOs, and the government could collaborate in developing appropriate, and flexible learning assessment tools, in line with innovative teaching, and learning methods. But without safeguards, large-scale replication by the government of such NGO innovations as the"alternative school"and the"voluntary teacher"could lower the quality of education. 3) Government-NGO links: The Government and NGOs will need to share a common vision on how to achieve universal primary education if India is to reach this goal. NGOs can be credible partners with the government in shaping policies for primary education. This entails collaboration, rather than parallel initiatives by NGOs. To stay at the cutting edge in education, NGOs should continually evaluate, and refine their models. If NGOs are to play a policy role in education, two areas that have been neglected will need to be addressed - NGO capacity building, and organizational development.Primary Education,Teaching and Learning,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Education,Curriculum&Instruction
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Innovating in Education: NGO Interventions in New Delhi Government Schools
No full textThis dissertation examines three education non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in New Delhi that attempt to innovate within the Indian government school system. The author uses immersive ethnography to understand how school-level phenomena can enable or constrain student learning. First, the author argues that “tightly managed,” highly supervised teachers can engage and plan more with the schools in which they work, whereas “loosely managed,” unsupervised teachers act autonomously and engage less. Rigid curriculum causes teachers to teach faster than students can learn. Flexible curriculum allows teachers to adjust to student learning speeds. Second, the author finds that NGO and mainstream government teachers have distinct “cultures of learning.” Government teachers sort students into two categories: learners and non-learners, effectively blacklisting the latter and failing to cater to their needs. NGO teachers try to treat all students equally, despite high levels of within-classroom inequality in student learning levels. Importantly, the students themselves in both government and NGO classrooms usually tend to subscribe to the government culture of learning rather than the NGO one. Students themselves show evidence of having internalized their status as either capable or incapable of learning. There is no evidence to suggest that NGO teachers have been able to alter the approach that government teachers take to teaching and learning within government schools. Finally, the author points out that the NGOs studied are able to scale their programs up to more schools if they maintain strong administrative relations with government actors, secure independent funding, and establish their interventions at schools to merely a sustainable extent. It is not necessary for NGOs to gain any government teacher or student buy-in in order to scale up.Sociologyeducation; schools; NGOs; NGO; nongovernmental organization; non-governmental organization; government school; india; delhi; new delhi; scalability; growth; culture of learning; teacher management; curriculum flexibility; fidelity; buy-i
Understanding NGO growth and density in contemporary China: government-NGO relations in transition
No full textPh.D.In modern society, the dual-function of NGO sector, namely service provision and political advocacy, creates a dilemma for authoritarian states: on the one hand, the increasing complex institutional environment urges the state to use the NGO sector as policy instruments to tackle social problems by providing social services; on the other hand, the well-developed NGO sector may engage in representing the interests of disadvantaged groups in the society and organizing collective actions to challenge the political authority of the state. The potential threat of color revolution mediated by NGOs further complicates government-NGO relations in non-democratic regimes. Given these premises, what strategy the state adopts to cope with the NGO sector is an important reflection of state-society relations. Specifically, this study interprets NGO sector size as the institutional space offered by the local state for NGO development, and aims to explore the research questions: What are the driving factors of NGO development in China? How to explain the regional variations of government-NGO relations within the same political settings?This study applies mixed methods for investigation. Building on the panel data of NGO sector size and growth in provincial China from 2007 to 2015, this study examines the driving factors associated with the geographic variations of NGO development in China. The statistical results find that demand heterogeneity, government expenditure on social welfare, and supportive policy environment are positively associated with NGO development in China, holding other variables constant; Social instability is negatively associated with NGO development in China; The correlation between regional community wealth and NGO development is U-curve. The crowding out effect of government social welfare spending on NGO development is not supported by the quantitative analysis. The interdependency hypothesis is more effective than the government failure hypothesis in explaining government-NGO relations in China.Furthermore, drawing from the process tracing of HIV prevention in Yunnan and the semi-structured interviews with local officials and NGO leaders in China, this study shows that the local governments construct an incentive structure to lead the development of the NGO sector in favor of their political interests. In order to gain performance legitimacy, to maintain social stability, and to get ahead in the cadre evaluation system, the local officials selectively ease registration for certain types of NGOs, contract out social service, construct incubation center, and build the Communist Party branch within NGOs to sophisticatedly co-opt the NGO sector. However, NGO sector adopts embedded advocacy, forms the alliance with different governmental agencies and other NGOs, and diversifies revenue streams to manipulate the government’s interference.This study concludes that the isomorphic pressure turns the NGO sector from “agent of community” to “agent of government”, which ostensibly enhances the social service provision in the short term, while undermines the NGO sector’s capacity in experimenting innovative solutions for social problem in the long run. The study highlights the importance of the quality rather than the quantity of NGO development in explaining the limited role played by the NGO sector in the democratization of authoritarian regimes.在當代社會，非政府組織的服務供給和政治倡導的功能雙重性給國家造成了一種管治困境：一方面，愈發複雜的制度環境促使國家利用非政府組織的服務供給功能來有效地解決日趨多元化的公共物品需求；另一方面，非政府組織有可能通過為弱勢群體發聲并作為潛在的集體行動載體挑戰國家的政治權威。此外，非民主政體對於潛在的“顏色革命”的擔憂使得政府—非政府組織關係變得愈加錯綜複雜。因此，如何處理這個管治困境是國家—社會關係的重要展現。本文以非政府組織部門的規模和增長為切入點，旨在探討非政府組織在非民主政體內發展的驅動因素以及地區間不同類型政府—非政府組織間關係的成因、機制和影響。本文採用了混合方法對上述問題進行研究。基於對2007—2015年的非政府組織數量增長的省際面板數據進行計量分析后，本文發現：在控制了其他變量后，需求異質化、地方政府的社會保障支出和支持性的政策環境對於非政府組織的部門規模和增長有著顯著的正向作用；社會不穩定程度對於非政府組織的發展則是顯著的負相關；地區富裕程度對於非政府組織的發展呈U型的非線性關係。定量分析結果并不支持政府社會保障支出對於非政府組織的擠出效應。本文通過雲南省艾滋病防治領域的過程追蹤以及對地方政府官員和非政府組織領袖的訪談后發現：地方政府基於對自身政治利益的考量，通過放鬆指定類型的非政府組織登記、向非政府組織購買社會服務、建立孵化中心以及在非政府組織內建立黨支部等政策形塑出一種激勵機制來引導非政府組織的發展。相應地，非政府組織則採用嵌入型倡導、與特定政府部門和其他非政府組織結盟以及收入多元化這些對策來抵禦地方政府帶來的干預，進而為目標群體爭取利益。本文認為地方政府這一基於自身利益而採取的統合策略會導致非政府組織逐漸由“社區代理人”轉變成“政府代理人”。雖然非政府組織的這一同構現象(isomorphism)在短期內可以部份滿足社會服務的需求，但從長遠來看損害了非政府組織解決社會問題的創新能力。此外，本文也強調了通過非政府組織發展的性質而非數量的這一視角來部份解釋威權政體中非政府組織對於民主化進程的有限作用。Cai, Qihai."November 2018."Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2019.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-175).Abstracts also in Chinese; appendix 2 in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …)
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