169,909 research outputs found
Concentrated growth factors (CGF): morphological and biochemical characterization.
Get PDFConcentrated growth factors (CGF) represents the novel generation of solid platelet
concentrate preparations (1-2). These 100% autologous preparations, obtained
from a venous blood sample, not only enhance tissue healing but also improve the
clinical outcomes of various surgical procedures, reducing complications like pain,
inflammation and morbidity (3). Considering the few data on CGF morphology
and its biological properties, the aim of this study was to analyse the CGF structure
(blood cell localization and fibrin matrix architecture) and the in vitro cumulative
release of seven growth factors (PDGF-AB, VEGF, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IGF-I, BDNF and
BMP-2). CGF was obtained from volunteer donors using a specific protocol of centrifugation.
Blood cell localization and fibrin architecture were evaluated after properly
staining and immunostaining protocols. The kinetics of the growth factor release
were performed by incubation of the CGF in a free growth factors cell medium, at
37°C for 5 hours, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 days. After each incubation period, the medium
was collected, centrifuged and stored at −80 °C until analysis. The total quantity of
growth factors was checked using ELISA kits. After venous blood centrifugation, the
CGF obtained consisted in three parts: the upper white part (PPP), the lower red part
(RBC) and the middle “buffy coat” part (interface between white and red part). The
results showed that platelets and leukocytes were localized in the buffy coat, whereas
the erythrocytes were present only in the red part of CGF. Moreover, in the white
part, the fibrin network and architecture changed moving far from the buffy coat
becoming less compact. The in vitro cumulative release of growth factors revealed
that each of them had a specific kinetic. Considering the mean value obtained for
each time point from all volunteers, PDGF-AB, TGF-β1 and IGF-1 had a constant
kinetic release, reaching the maximum accumulation at day 3rd and 6th respectively;
VEGF and BMP-2 had a slow kinetic release, reaching the maximum accumulation at
day 8th; TNF-α and BDNF had a fast kinetic release, reaching the maximum accumulation
at day 1st and 3rd respectively. These findings support the clinical use of CGF
and will allow us to better understand and improve the clinical outcomes
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ during prenatal development
No full textThe presence and distribution of immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase type I and a panel of regulatory neuropeptides was investigated in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of mouse embryos. Results show that nitric oxide synthase type I is first expressed in putative extrinsic nerve fibers reaching areas of vascular development at embryonic day 16 and in the vomeronasal nerve at embryonic day 15. Immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide appears around developing vessels of the VNO during embryonic day 18. No immunoreactivity for atrial natriuretic peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide is present in the VNO. It is concluded that, in the mouse, nitric oxide synthesis is a precocious event in the development of peripheral and central neural vomeronasal structures, representing a very early step in the neurochemical maturation of the VNO
Expression of epithelial membrane transporters in the developing mouse vomeronasl organ.
No full textThe developing mouse vomeronasal organ: immunohistochemical investigation of epithelial membrane transporters.
No full textTiming of neuronal intermediate filament proteins expression in the mouse
No full textSeveral types of intermediate filament proteins are expressed in developing and mature neurons; they cooperate with other cytoskeletal components to sustain neuronal function from early neurogenesis onward. In this work the timing of expression of nestin, peripherin, internexin, and the neuronal intermediate filament triplet [polypeptide subunits of low (NF-L), medium (NF-M), and high (NF-H) molecular weight] was investigated in the developing fetal and postnatal mouse vomeronasal organ (VNO) by means of immunohistochemistry. The results show that the sequence of expression of intermediate filament proteins is internexin, nestin, and NF-M in the developing vomeronasal sensory epithelium; internexin, peripherin, and NF-M in the developing vomeronasal nerve; and nestin, internexin and peripherin, NF-L, and NF-M in the nerve supply to accessory structures of the VNO. At sexual maturity (2 months) NF-M is only expressed in vomeronasal neurons and NF-M, NF-L and peripherin are expressed in extrinsic nerves supplying VNO structures. The differential distribution of intermediate filament proteins in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium and nerve is discussed in terms of the cell types present therein. It is concluded that several intermediate filament proteins are sequentially expressed during intrauterine development of the VNO neural structures in a different pattern according to the different components of the VNO
Timing of neuronal intermediate filament proteins expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ during pre- and postnatal development. An immunohistochemical study
No full textSeveral types of intermediate filament proteins are expressed in developing and mature neurons; they cooperate with other
cytoskeletal components to sustain neuronal function from early neurogenesis onward. In this work the timing of expression
of nestin, peripherin, internexin, and the neuronal intermediate filament triplet [polypeptide subunits of low (NF-L), medium
(NF-M), and high (NF-H) molecular weight] was investigated in the developing fetal and postnatal mouse vomeronasal organ
(VNO) by means of immunohistochemistry. The results show that the sequence of expression of intermediate filament proteins
is internexin, nestin, and NF-M in the developing vomeronasal sensory epithelium; internexin, peripherin, and NF-M in the
developing vomeronasal nerve; and nestin, internexin and peripherin, NF-L, and NF-M in the nerve supply to accessory structures
of the VNO. At sexual maturity (2 months) NF-M is only expressed in vomeronasal neurons and NF-M, NF-L and peripherin are
expressed in extrinsic nerves supplying VNO structures. The differential distribution of intermediate filament proteins in the
vomeronasal sensory epithelium and nerve is discussed in terms of the cell types present therein. It is concluded that several
intermediate filament proteins are sequentially expressed during intrauterine development of the VNO neural structures in a
different pattern according to the different components of the VNO
Neuropeptide expression in the mouse vomeronasal organ during postnatal development
No full textThe expression of selected regulatory neuropeptides was investigated by immunohistochemistry in nerves supplying the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of mice during postnatal development. Results show that neurons in the VNO are devoid of immunolabeling with any of the antibody used from 1 day to 2 months of age. In the non-receptor epithelium (NRE) and the vomeronasal vascular pump (VP) the timing of expression of regulatory neuropeptides differed among neuropeptides and the different VNO structures. Regulatory neuropeptides usually found in sensory nerves (substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide) and efferent nerves (neuropeptide Y, atrial natriuretic peptide) are expressed in the NRE and the VP, respectively. These results support the view that the VNO is to some extent functional during postnatal development
Immunohistochemical evidence suggests intrinsic regulatory activity of human eccrine sweat glands
No full textImmunohistochemistry of normal eccrine sweat glands was performed on paraffin sections of human skin. Immunoreactivity (ir) for neuron specific enolase, S100 protein (S100), regulatory peptides, nitric oxide synthase type I (NOS-I) and choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) was found in small nerve bundles close to sweat glands. In the glands, secretory cells were labelled with anticytokeratin antibody. Using antibodies to S100, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) a specific distribution pattern was found in secretory cells. Granulated (dark) and parietal (clear) cells were immunopositive for CGRP, and S100 and SP, respectively. Immunoreactivity was diffuse in the cytoplasm for CGRP and S100, and peripheral for SP. Myoepithelial cells were not labelled. Electron microscopy revealed electron dense granules, probably containing peptide, in granulated cells. Using antibodies to NOS-I and ChAT, ir was exclusively found in myoepithelial cells. Immunoreactivity for the atrial natriuretic peptide was absent in sweat glands. These results provide evidence for the presence of both regulatory peptides involved in vasodilation and key enzymes for the synthesis of nitric oxide and acetylcholine in the secretory coil of human sweat glands. It is suggested that human sweat glands are capable of some intrinsic regulation in addition to that carried out by their nerve supply
Adipocyte morphology during hormone-induced lipid deposition and mobilization: an ultrastructural investigation in the perfused cardiac fat.
No full textThe rat pericoronary adipose tissue was perfused in the presence of either the liposynthetic hormone insulin or the lipolytic hormone noradrenaline. Insulin perfusion associated with a) larger adipocyte mean sectional diameter in comparison with noradrenaline perfusion; b) glycogen deposition; c) appearance of small fat globules at discrete sites at the periphery of the main lipid drop. The two latter phenomena were apparently dose-dependent. Massive lipid deposition was induced by addition of triglycerides to the perfusion medium and this associated with appearance of prominent endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. In noradrenaline-perfused adipose tissue many small lipid droplets surrounded the central lipid deposit and the endoplasmic reticulum was in the form of both thin long, dashed cisternae sometime surrounding lipid droplets and grouped, anastomosing tubular cisternae. The present work shows that the perfused white adipose tissue of the heart is a suitable model to study, in situ, the morphological effects of hormones in adipocytes. © 1995 Academic Press. All rights reserved
- …
