15 research outputs found
Fanny Lopez , L’ordre électrique. Infrastructures énergétiques et territoires
Get PDFL’ordre électrique constitue le second ouvrage de Fanny Lopez. Le premier étant Le rêve d’une déconnexion, issu de sa thèse soutenue en 2010 et publié en 2014. Il entreprend d’analyser les impacts spatiaux du développement des infrastructures électriques en Europe et aux États-Unis, en allant de l’avènement des grands systèmes techniques à la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu’à leur crise et remise en cause en faveur d’une diversité de systèmes à des échelles locales. L’auteure s’appuie sur une recher..
From design to exploitation ? : The integration of exploitation concerns of energy systems into the design of of urban projects
No full textFace aux retours d’expériences négatifs pendant l’exploitation des projets urbains durables, les acteurs se mettent à intégrer de plus en plus les préoccupations d’exploitation des systèmes énergétiques dans la conception. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’interroger les effets de cette intégration des enjeux d’exploitation sur le processus de conception urbaine. À partir d’une analyse de cas, nous montrons que l’intégration des préoccupations d’exploitation engendre des évolutions des choix techniques, des objectifs énergétiques et des paramètres de l’organisation sociale de la conception. On assiste à une bifurcation des choix techniques, suite à des apprentissages en double boucle des acteurs, où il s’agit de revoir les objectifs en cours de conception pour pourvoir avancer. En effet, raisonner en termes d’exploitation amène à réaliser des choix de conception différents priorisant la qualité d’usage et de services rendus. En matière d’organisation de la conception, l’intégration des préoccupations d’exploitation ne requestionne pas le rythme hiérarchique et linéaire d’organisation des activités des acteurs. Toutefois, cela facilite l’affirmation de nouveaux acteurs comme les exploitants des systèmes énergétiques et multi-services. Plus largement, la recherche montre que les retours d’expériences, de plus d’une quinzaine d’années autour de l’exploitation des quartiers durables, contribuent à un processus d’apprentissage interprofessionnel, dont les sédimentations produisent de nouvelles références techniques ou de projets, et participent au renouvellement des cultures professionnelles. De cette manière, l’activité de conception se transforme. L’analyse met notamment l’accent sur l’importance des objets techniques dans la consolidation des apprentissages des acteurs, des objets autour desquels se cristallisent les enseignements et les retours d’expériences.From design to exploitation?The integration of exploitation concerns of energy systems into the design of of urban projectsFacing negative feedback during the exploitation of sustainable urban projects, actors are increasingly integrating the operational concerns of energy systems into the design process. The research objective is to question the effects of this operational issues integration in the urban design process.Based on a case analysis, we show that the integration of operational concerns leads to changes in technical choices, energy objectives and the social organisation of design. There is a bifurcation of technical choices, following/after double-loop learning by the actors, where the objectives have to be revised during the design process in order to move forward. Indeed, reasoning in terms of exploitation leads to different design choices prioritising the quality of use and of provided services. In terms of design organisation, the integration of operational concerns does not question the hierarchical and linear rhythm of the organisation of the actors' activities. However, it does facilitate the affirmation of new actors such as the operators of energy and multi-service systems. More broadly, the research shows that the feedback from more than fifteen years of experience in the operation of sustainable districts contributes to an interprofessional learning process, which sedimentation produces new technical or design references and contributes to the renewal of professional cultures. In this way, the design activity is transformed. In particular, the analysis emphasises the importance of technical objects for consolidating the actors' learning, objects around which lessons and feedback crystallised
The materialization of the energy transition in dense urban environments. The case of the urban project Nanterre Cœur Université
No full textThrough the story of the energy and spatial design of the Nanterre Coeur Université urban developpement project, we will show that the ambitious energy objectives of sustainable projects can strongly constrain the design of projects and, in some cases, encourage a multiplication of the energy artifacts mobilized. Energy design thus involves various negotiations between public and private actors. These negotiations can, in some cases, question the energy objectives and technical choices even at advanced stages of the design. Finally, we will show that the integration of energy artifacts has a strong impact on the spatiality of projects, mainly by reducing net useable areas and by creating competition between uses
De la conception à l’exploitation ? : L’intégration des préoccupations d’exploitation des systèmes énergétiques dans la conception des projets urbains
No full textFrom design to exploitation?The integration of exploitation concerns of energy systems into the design of of urban projectsFacing negative feedback during the exploitation of sustainable urban projects, actors are increasingly integrating the operational concerns of energy systems into the design process. The research objective is to question the effects of this operational issues integration in the urban design process.Based on a case analysis, we show that the integration of operational concerns leads to changes in technical choices, energy objectives and the social organisation of design. There is a bifurcation of technical choices, following/after double-loop learning by the actors, where the objectives have to be revised during the design process in order to move forward. Indeed, reasoning in terms of exploitation leads to different design choices prioritising the quality of use and of provided services. In terms of design organisation, the integration of operational concerns does not question the hierarchical and linear rhythm of the organisation of the actors' activities. However, it does facilitate the affirmation of new actors such as the operators of energy and multi-service systems. More broadly, the research shows that the feedback from more than fifteen years of experience in the operation of sustainable districts contributes to an interprofessional learning process, which sedimentation produces new technical or design references and contributes to the renewal of professional cultures. In this way, the design activity is transformed. In particular, the analysis emphasises the importance of technical objects for consolidating the actors' learning, objects around which lessons and feedback crystallised.Face aux retours d’expériences négatifs pendant l’exploitation des projets urbains durables, les acteurs se mettent à intégrer de plus en plus les préoccupations d’exploitation des systèmes énergétiques dans la conception. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’interroger les effets de cette intégration des enjeux d’exploitation sur le processus de conception urbaine. À partir d’une analyse de cas, nous montrons que l’intégration des préoccupations d’exploitation engendre des évolutions des choix techniques, des objectifs énergétiques et des paramètres de l’organisation sociale de la conception. On assiste à une bifurcation des choix techniques, suite à des apprentissages en double boucle des acteurs, où il s’agit de revoir les objectifs en cours de conception pour pourvoir avancer. En effet, raisonner en termes d’exploitation amène à réaliser des choix de conception différents priorisant la qualité d’usage et de services rendus. En matière d’organisation de la conception, l’intégration des préoccupations d’exploitation ne requestionne pas le rythme hiérarchique et linéaire d’organisation des activités des acteurs. Toutefois, cela facilite l’affirmation de nouveaux acteurs comme les exploitants des systèmes énergétiques et multi-services. Plus largement, la recherche montre que les retours d’expériences, de plus d’une quinzaine d’années autour de l’exploitation des quartiers durables, contribuent à un processus d’apprentissage interprofessionnel, dont les sédimentations produisent de nouvelles références techniques ou de projets, et participent au renouvellement des cultures professionnelles. De cette manière, l’activité de conception se transforme. L’analyse met notamment l’accent sur l’importance des objets techniques dans la consolidation des apprentissages des acteurs, des objets autour desquels se cristallisent les enseignements et les retours d’expériences
Exploiting Task Elasticity and Price Heterogeneity for Maximizing Cloud Computing Profits
No full textThis paper exploits cloud task elasticity and price heterogeneity to propose an online resource management framework that maximizes cloud profits while minimizing energy expenses. This is done by reducing the duration during which servers need to be left on and maximizing the monetary revenues when the charging cost for some of the elastic tasks depends on how fast these tasks complete, while meeting all the resource requirements. Comparative studies conducted using Google data traces show the effectiveness of our proposed framework in terms of improving resource utilization, reducing energy expenses, and increasing cloud profits. 2013 IEEE.1Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA 2Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar 3Cisco Systems, San Jose, CA 95134 USA CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: M. GUIZANI ([email protected]) This work was made possible by NPRP grant # NPRP 5-319-2-121 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.Scopus2-s2.0-8504322881
Cranberry derivatives enhance biofilm formation and transiently impair swarming motility of the uropathogen Proteus mirabilis strain HI4320
No full textWe previously showed that the addition of cranberry powder (CP) to lysogeny broth (LB) medium resulted in impaired P. mirabilis swarming motility over short time periods (up to 16 h). Herein, we significantly expanded on those findings by exploring: (i) the effects of cranberry derivatives on biofilm formation of P. mirabilis; (ii) whether swarming inhibition occurred transiently or over longer periods more relevant to real infections (~3 days); (iii) whether swarming was also blocked by commercially available cranberry juices; (iv) whether CP or cranberry juices exhibited effects under natural urine conditions; and (v) the effects of cranberry on medium pH which is an indirect indicator of urease activity. At short time-scales (24 h), CP and commercially available pure cranberry juice impaired swarming motility and repelled actively swarming bacteria in LB medium. Over longer time periods more representative of infections (~3 days), the capacity of the cranberry material to impair swarming diminished and bacteria would start to migrate across the surface, albeit by exhibiting a different motility phenotype to the regular ‘bull’s-eye’ swarming phenotype of P. mirabilis. This bacterium did not swarm on urine agar or LB agar supplemented with urea suggesting that any potential application of anti-swarming compounds may be better suited to settings external to the urine environment.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Optimizing Joint Data and Power Transfer in Energy Harvesting Multiuser Wireless Networks
No full textEnergy harvesting emerges as a potential solution for prolonging the lifetime of the energy-constrained mobile wireless devices. In this paper, we focus on radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting for multiuser multicarrier mobile wireless networks. Specifically, we propose joint data and energy transfer optimization frameworks for powering mobile wireless devices through RF energy harvesting. We introduce a power utility that captures the power consumption cost at the base station (BS) and the used power from the users' batteries, and determine optimal power resource allocations that meet data rate requirements of downlink and uplink communications. Two types of harvesting capabilities are considered at each user: harvesting only from dedicated RF signals and hybrid harvesting from both dedicated and ambient RF signals. The developed frameworks increase the end users' battery lifetime at the cost of a slight increase in the BS power consumption. Several evaluation studies are conducted in order to validate our proposed frameworks. 1 2017 IEEE.Manuscript received August 25, 2016; revised February 16, 2017 and May 9, 2017; accepted June 9, 2017. Date of publication June 22, 2017; date of current version December 14, 2017. This work was supported by the National Priorities Research Program under Grant NPRP 5-319-2-121 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The review of this paper was coordinated by Prof. Y. Li. (Corresponding author: Bassem Khalfi.) B. Khalfi and B. Hamdaoui are with Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. edu).Scopu
Competence of tunable Cu2AlSnS4 chalcogenides hydrophilicity toward high efficacy photodegradation of spiramycin antibiotic resistance-bacteria from wastewater under visible light irradiation
No full textNowadays, removal of pollutants from urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) remains a big challenge. The macrolides antibiotics are particularly present in higher levels in unprocessed wastewater and are often partially reduced by conservative managements. The photocatalysis process was categorised amongst the miscellaneous progressive oxidation methods (AOPs) with high capacity for successful removal of pharmaceuticals from numerous aqueous matrices. In the present work and for the first time, chemical spray pyrolysis was used to synthesize CuFeAlSnS (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1) thin films. Sprayed films were investigated using many techniques such as: MAUD software (Material Analysis Using Diffraction), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), spectrophotometer and Hall effect and drop shape analysis system (DSA). MAUD software revealed a polycrystalline nature for CuAlSnS (CATS) with slight shift of diffraction peaks depicted at 2θ = 27.84°, 47.03° and 55.93°, which identified respectively to (0 0 2), (1 1 0) and (1 1 2) plans. In addition, SEM images show that CuAlSnS grows with many rod-shaped structures that closely attached to each other. It is clearly seen that CATS thin film exhibited the highest extinction coefficient value (K) than other CFATS films. Additionally, a special emphasis focused on surface wettability of CFATS films showing a hydrophilic character surface using spiramycin (SPY) macrolide antibiotic liquid. Its worth mentioning that the hydrophilic type has a distinguished helpful role on the photocatalytic process that may be associated with the active surface area and the high adsorption of liquid. Based on the relationships between photocatalysis and hydrophilicity, the behaviors of SnO:F, CATS films and coupled CATS/SnO:F photocatalysis were tested using 20 mg/L of spiramycin (SPY) macrolide antibiotic in aqueous solution. Spiramycin removal competence using SnO:F, CATS films and coupled CATS/SnO:F was increased after being reused 120 min. Consequently, the current work can open a new area for effectiveness of CATS/SnO:F surface which recognized in order to manufacture a self-disinfecting and self-cleaning, removal of high antibiotics bacteria-resistance.The authors would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant code: 22UQU4350568DSR02. Also, the author would thank Dr. Ziad Moussa, United Arab Emirates University, as native English specker (Canadian) for his valuable editing and revision the manuscrip
Taxonomic research on <i>Squalus megalops</i> (Macleay, 1881) and <i>Squalus blainvillei</i> (Risso, 1827) (Chondrichthyes: Squalidae) in Tunisian waters (central Mediterranean Sea)
Get PDFTwo species of spurdog of the genus Squalus occur in the Gulf of Gabès (southern Tunisia, central Mediterranean): the longnose spurdog Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1827) and a short-snout spurdog of the Squalus megalops-cubensis group. Morphometric and meristic data as well as a genetic analyses (DNA inter-simple sequence repeat markers and molecular barcoding methods) support the assignation of this short-snout spurdog to Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881). Squalus megalops occurs commonly in temperate and tropical Australian waters, and is also thought to occur in the eastern Atlantic, southern Indian Ocean and western North Pacific although these records need to be confirmed. Our study confirms that it occurs in the Mediterranean Sea. Populations of both S. blainvillei and S. megalops are described based on Tunisian material.En el golfo de Gabès (sur de Túnez, Mediterráneo central) se encuentran dos especies del género Squalus: el galludo Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1827) y otra de morro más corto perteneciente al grupo Squalus megalops-cubensis. Los datos morfométricos y merísticos junto con el análisis genético (ADN Inter Simple Sequence Repeats markers y métodos moleculares Barcoding) apoyan la identificación de esta última especie como Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881). Squalus megalops se encuentra en aguas australianas templadas y tropicales, y se piensa que habita también en el Atlántico este, en el océano Índico sur y en el Pacífico noroccidental, aunque estos registros deben ser confirmados. Nuestro estudio confirma su presencia en el mar Mediterráneo. La descripción tanto de S. blainvillei como de S. megalops está basada en especímenes capturados en aguas tunecinas
