730 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-jtt-10.1177_1357633X241245459 - Supplemental material for The role of increasing synchronous telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic on disparities in access to healthcare: A systematic review
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jtt-10.1177_1357633X241245459 for The role of increasing synchronous telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic on disparities in access to healthcare: A systematic review by Sara Ternes, Lauren Lavin, J Priyanka Vakkalanka, Heather S Healy, Kimberly AS Merchant, Marcia M Ward, and Nicholas M Mohr in Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare</p
Institutional Racism and the Dynamics of Privilege in Public Health
No full textInstitutional racism, a pattern of differential access to material resources and power determined by race, advantages one sector of the population while disadvantaging another. Such racism is not only about conspicuous acts of violence but can be carried in the hold of mono-cultural perspectives. Overt state violation of principles contributes to the backdrop against which much less overt yet insidious violations occur. New Zealand health policy is one such mono-cultural domain. It is dominated by western bio-medical discourses that preclude and under-value Māori, the indigenous peoples of this land, in the conceptualisation, structure, content, and processes of health policies, despite Te Tiriti o Waitangi guarantees to protect Māori interests.
Since the 1980s, the Department of Health has committed to honouring the Treaty of Waitangi as the founding document of Māori-settler relationships and governance arrangements. Subsequent Waitangi Tribunal reports, produced by an independent Commission of Inquiry have documented the often-illegal actions of successive governments advancing the interests of Pākehā at the expense of Māori. Institutional controls have not prevented inequities between Māori and non-Māori across a plethora of social and economic indicators.
Activist scholars work to expose and transform perceived inequities. My research interest lies in how Crown Ministers and officials within the public health sector practice institutional racism and privilege and how it can be transformed. Through dialogue with Māori working within the health sector, fuelled by critical analysis and strategic advice from a research whānau (family) of Māori health leaders and a Pākehā Tiriti worker, and embracing the traditions of feminist and critical race theory I provide evidence of racism that can invoke strong emotional reactions. More disturbing is its normalisation to nigh imperceptibility within ones personal and professional life. The exposure of racism as a socially created phenomenon is a strength of the research presented here.
My action orientation is my ethical response. Honouring Te Tiriti o Waitangi is a pathway to transforming racism. Such change is likely to be resisted by the Pākehā majority. This anticipated resistance is not a credible reason to weaken responsibility for such necessary change. Transforming institutional racism needs to be driven by senior managers, professional bodies, unions, and by communities. Policies, practices and leadership that enable institutional racism need to be systematically eliminated from the health sector. Crown officials must be supported to strengthen their professional accountabilities and to embrace ethical bicultural practice. Greater transparency could enable more effective monitoring of Crown behaviour and support transformed practice
Figure 1 in Craniodental characters and the relationships of Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora)
No full textFigure 1. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphology recovered by: A, Decker & Wozencraft (1991) and B, Baskin (2004). Phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular data recovered by: C, Koepfli et al. (2007) and D, Fulton & Strobeck (2007). Asterisk denotes Procyonidae, as defined by the author. Extinct taxa denoted by a dagger (†).Published as part of Ahrens, Heather E., 2012, Craniodental characters and the relationships of Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora), pp. 669-713 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (3) on page 671, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00778.x, http://zenodo.org/record/540682
Can screening and brief intervention lead to population-level reductions in alcohol-related harm?
No full textA distinction is made between the clinical and public health justifications for screening and brief intervention (SBI) against hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. Early claims for a public health benefit of SBI derived from research on general medical practitioners' (GPs') advice on smoking cessation, but these claims have not been realized, mainly because GPs have not incorporated SBI into their routine practice. A recent modeling exercise estimated that, if all GPs in England screened every patient at their next consultation, 96% of the general population would be screened over 10 years, with 70-79% of excessive drinkers receiving brief interventions (BI); assuming a 10% success rate, this would probably amount to a population-level effect of SBI. Thus, a public health benefit for SBI presupposes widespread screening; but recent government policy in England favors targeted versus universal screening, and in Scotland screening is based on new registrations and clinical presentation. A recent proposal for a national screening program was rejected by the UK National Health Service's National Screening Committee because 1) there was no good evidence that SBI led to reductions in mortality or morbidity, and 2) a safe, simple, precise, and validated screening test was not available. Even in countries like Sweden and Finland, where expensive national programs to disseminate SBI have been implemented, only a minority of the population has been asked about drinking during health-care visits, and a minority of excessive drinkers has been advised to cut down. Although there has been research on the relationship between treatment for alcohol problems and population-level effects, there has been no such research for SBI, nor have there been experimental investigations of its relationship with population-level measures of alcohol-related harm. These are strongly recommended. In this article, conditions that would allow a population-level effect of SBI to occur are reviewed, including their political acceptability. It is tentatively concluded that widespread dissemination of SBI, without the implementation of alcohol control measures, might have indirect influences on levels of consumption and harm but would be unlikely on its own to result in public health benefits. However, if and when alcohol control measures were introduced, SBI would still have an important role in the battle against alcohol-related harm
Dialogue and Collaboration in the Creation of New Works for Clarinet
No full textThis PhD thesis explores dialogue-based, “intimate” collaboration through the creation of new works for clarinet. It borrows from Grounded Theory in order to facilitate an analysis through which emergent themes within a dialogue-based
collaboration are discovered. The aim has not been to insist on one model of collaboration, but to discover methods for improving one’s collaborative skills and to identify ways in which one benefits from a focus on dialogue in
collaboration. Furthermore, it aims to suggest that through collaboration one can make discoveries about the instrument: original contributions to clarinet technique are made within this thesis. The literature from which the research draws inspiration to further collaborative “technique” is cross-disciplinary and wide-ranging: it draws from social theory, collaborative creative writing, dance, the visual arts and of course, music. Added to this is a select discussion of collaboration throughout the repertoire of the clarinet. Finally, this consists of practice-based research. Seven new pieces for clarinet accompany the text
Toxicological profile for dinitrotoluenes
Get PDFA Toxicological Profile for Dinitrotoluenes, Draft for Public Comment was released in April 2013. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile.Chemical manager(s)/author(s): Carolyn Harper, Nickolette Roney, Mike Fay, Selene Chou, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Atlanta, GA;Heather Carlson-Lynch, Julie M. Klotzbach, Kelly Salinas, H. Danielle Johnson, Mario Citra, SRC, Inc., North Syracuse, NY
Meaningful Occupations Impacted by Burn Injuries
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/31/2017
Burn injuries can significantly impact an individual’s ability to return to meaningful occupations and identity in society; every burn has a story. Occupational therapists can contribute to recovery through the use of therapeutic use of self and a holistic approach.
Primary Author and Speaker: Hayley Mata
Contributing Authors: Ruth Humphry, Shelley Sehorn, Heather S. Dodd, Sydney J. Thornton, Mark Prochazka, Bruce A. Cairns</jats:p
Molecular pharmacological characterisation of recombinant and native NR2B- and NR3B- containing NMDA receptors
Get PDFNMDA receptors are ionotropic, glutamate receptors which mediate fast excitatory transmissions within the central nervous system. They form tetrameric or pentameric heterologous complexes from seven NMDA receptor subunits NRl, NR2A-D and NR3A-B which each convey distinct expression patterns, functional and pharmacological properties to the receptor complex. Due to its involvement in excitatory transmission, over-excitation of the NMDA receptor, particularly the NR2B subunit, has been the focus of pharmaceutical therapeutic targeting for neurodegenerative conditions and chronic pain. This thesis discusses the potential importance and clinical effectiveness of targeting NMDA receptors and the difficulties in drag development arising from the receptor's heteromeric nature. The work herein focuses on the pharmacological characterisation of two novel NR2B-selective antagonists Compound A and Compound B， the physiological and pharmacological effects of NR3 subunit inclusion in the NMDA receptor complex, and the modifications of NMDA receptor physiology and subunit expression during chronic pain states. This research provides novel evidence to suggest that Compound A and Compound В bind with a high selectivity and affinity towards NR1/NR2B containing receptors. It provides novel evidence for a differential cytoprotective effect of the NR3 subunits showing significant cytoprotection in NR1/NR2B, but not NR1/NR2A, receptors and shows that NR3B inclusion in the receptor can differentially modulate the binding affinities ofNR2B-selective antagonists. This study also shows evidence for increased activity of spinal and supra-spinal NR2B-containmg receptors indicating NMDA receptor modulation and involvement in a chronic pain model
Controlled drinking, harm reduction and their roles in the response to alcohol-related problems
No full textThis article first distinguishes three meanings of the term ‘harm reduction’ in the literature on alcohol problems: a European sense in which a change in drinking is not necessarily required; an American sense which includes the controlled drinking (CD) goal of treatment; and a government policy sense in which it is seen as an alternative to whole population alcohol policies. The article then goes on to consider the roles of the CD goal and the harm reduction philosophy in response to three groups of people with alcohol problems or increased risk of such problems: the non-treatment-seeking population of hazardous and harmful drinkers; the population of socio-economically disadvantaged street drinkers or others who are thought unlikely to make radical changes in drinking behaviour; and the regular population of treatment-seeking problem drinkers. It is concluded, inter alia, that the equation of harm reduction and the CD goal in the American sense of harm reduction is confusing and may have had a detrimental effect of the practice of CD treatment. The CD goal should imply an aim of harm-free drinking
Citizen expertise and advocacy in creation of New Jersey's 1987 Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act
No full textIn this research I explore the influence of citizen expertise on environmental regulatory policy surrounding New Jersey’s freshwater wetlands. I intend to improve understandings of pluralism and accountability in social science models of science advising, which have paid little attention to the ways citizens contribute scientific knowledge to policy making. I look at citizen expertise in the context of an important chapter in U.S. environmental history culminating in New Jersey’s Freshwater Wetlands Protection Act (FWPA) on July 1, 1987. This Act made New Jersey the first state to completely assume administration of the portion of the federal Clean Water Act that protects wetlands and gave it the nation’s strongest measures to protect these environmentally valuable lands. Inquiry is situated in the joint perspectives of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Social Movement Studies and incorporates constructivist-interpretivist research techniques. A state-wide environmental advocacy movement called the Freshwater Wetlands Campaign (FWC) responded to what it perceived as inadequate and fragmented state and federal attempts to protect freshwater wetlands by developing the technical and political competence to champion wetlands protection. The FWC worked at a time when standards of knowledge production for freshwater wetlands science had yet to be established and when no methodological approach was privileged. The concept of co-production is used to explain how the FWC helped to define what would constitute scientific competence in three scientifically and technically complex disputes: the definition of a freshwater wetland such that it would be protected; the delineation of a protective freshwater wetland buffer; and the creation of artificial freshwater wetlands as sufficient action to permit destruction of natural freshwater wetlands. Closure around these disputes is conceived as resulting in creation of three new regulatory “artifacts” in New Jersey: freshwater wetlands, freshwater wetland buffers, and mitigated freshwater wetlands. I show that without the FWC’s role in developing science and these artifacts, New Jersey’s FWPA would either not exist or would have followed a different path. From this I suggest that we can improve the co-production framework with a new theory for STS that includes a “bottom up” model of social movements.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Heather Mary Feny
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