13 research outputs found
Remote Identification of Port Scan Toolchains
No full textPort scans are typically at the begin of a chain of events that will lead to the attack and exploitation of a host over a network. Since building an effective defense relies on information what kind of threat an organization is facing, threat intelligence outlining an actor’s modus operandi is a critical ingredient for network security. In this paper, we describe characteristic patterns in port scan packets that can be used to identify the tool chain used by an adversary. In an empirical analysis of scan traffic received by two /16 networks, we find that common open source port scan tools are adopted differently by communities across the globe, and that groups specializing to use a particular tool have also specialized to exploit particular services.Accepted Author ManuscriptCyber Securit
An efficient self-healing key distribution scheme
No full textCopyright © 2008 IEEE This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. If you wish to contact a Curtin researcher associated with this document, you may obtain an email address fro
Toward Data-Driven Radiation Oncology Using Standardized Terminology as a Starting Point: Cross-sectional Study.
No full textBACKGROUND
The inability to seamlessly exchange information across radiation therapy ecosystems is a limiting factor in the pursuit of data-driven clinical practice. The implementation of semantic interoperability is a prerequisite for achieving the full capacity of the latest developments in personalized and precision medicine, such as mathematical modeling, advanced algorithmic information processing, and artificial intelligence approaches.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the state of terminology resources (TRs) dedicated to radiation oncology as a prerequisite for an oncology semantic ecosystem. The goal of this cross-sectional analysis is to quantify the state of the art in radiation therapy specific terminology.
METHODS
The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) was searched for the following terms: radio oncology, radiation oncology, radiation therapy, and radiotherapy. We extracted 6509 unique concepts for further analysis. We conducted a quantitative analysis of available source vocabularies (SVs) and analyzed all UMLS SVs according to the route source, number, author, location of authors, license type, the lexical density of TR, and semantic types. Descriptive data are presented as numbers and percentages.
RESULTS
The concepts were distributed across 35 SVs. The median number of unique concepts per SV was 5 (range 1-5479), with 14% (5/35) of SVs containing 94.59% (6157/6509) of the concepts. The SVs were created by 29 authors, predominantly legal entities registered in the United States (25/35, 71%), followed by international organizations (6/35, 17%), legal entities registered in Australia (2/35, 6%), and the Netherlands and the United Kingdom with 3% (1/35) of authors each. Of the total 35 SVs, 16 (46%) did not have any restrictions on use, whereas for 19 (54%) of SVs, some level of restriction was required. Overall, 57% (20/35) of SVs were updated within the last 5 years. All concepts found within radiation therapy SVs were labeled with one of the 29 semantic types represented within UMLS. After removing the stop words, the total number of words for all SVs together was 56,219, with a median of 25 unique words per SV (range 3-50,682). The total number of unique words in all SVs was 1048, with a median of 19 unique words per vocabulary (range 3-406). The lexical density for all concepts within all SVs was 0 (0.02 rounded to 2 decimals). Median lexical density per unique SV was 0.7 (range 0.0-1.0). There were no dedicated radiation therapy SVs.
CONCLUSIONS
We did not identify any dedicated TRs for radiation oncology. Current terminologies are not sufficient to cover the need of modern radiation oncology practice and research. To achieve a sufficient level of interoperability, of the creation of a new, standardized, universally accepted TR dedicated to modern radiation therapy is required
User Satisfaction on Utilization of Human Resources Information System (HRIS) in Public Organizations
No full textThis study examines the relationship between Human Resources Information System(HRIS) application; system quality, information quality, service quality, and user satisfaction. The conceptual foundation for this paper is the DeLone and McLean information system success model (ISSM). This study contributes to existing research using the DeLone and McLean model applied in an Indonesian context. This research employs a descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach. The research sample consists of the whole utilization of HRIS that represented a division in public organizations exert in the security sector. The author uses the SPSS test in two stages: a validity and reliability test and a multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that information quality and service quality partially influence user satisfaction
Characteristics of spray from a GDI fuel injector for naphtha and surrogate fuels
No full textCharacterization of the spray angle, penetration, and droplet size distribution is important to analyze the spray and atomization quality. In this paper, the spray structure development and atomization characterization of two naphtha fuels, namely light naphtha (LN) and whole naphtha (WN) and two reference fuel surrogates, i.e. toluene primary reference fuel (TPRF) and primary reference fuel (PRF) were investigated using a gasoline direct injection (GDI) fuel injector. The experimental setup included a fuel injection system, a high-speed imaging system, and a droplet size measurement system. Spray images were taken by using a high-speed camera for spray angle and penetration analysis. Sauter mean diameter, Dv(10), Dv(50), Dv(90), and particle size distribution were measured using a laser diffraction technique. Results show that the injection process is very consistent for different runs and the time averaged spray angles during the measuring period are 103.45°, 102.84°, 102.46° and 107.61° for LN, WN, TPRF and PRF, respectively. The spray front remains relatively flat during the early stage of the fuel injection process. The peak penetration velocities are 80 m/s, 75 m/s, 75 m/s and 79 m/s for LN, WN, TPRF and PRF, respectively. Then velocities decrease until the end of the injection and stay relatively stable. The transient particle size and the time-averaged particle size were also analyzed and discussed. The concentration weighted average value generally shows higher values than the arithmetic average results. The average data for WN is usually the second smallest except for Dv90, of which WN is the biggest. Generally the arithmetic average particle sizes of PRF are usually the smallest, and the sizes does not change much with the measuring locations. For droplet size distribution results, LN and WN show bimodal distributions for all the locations while TPRF and PRF shows both bimodal and single peak distribution patterns. The results imply that droplet size distribution is skewed to the larger side for locations close the axis and is skewed to the smaller side for distance away from the axis.This research was supported in part by the Saudi Aramco R&D Center through the Clean Combustion Research Center of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies
Recepce filozofie existencialismu v románu Bābā Sartre
No full textThis bachelor's thesis examines the contemporary Iraqi writer ʿAlī Badr's satirical novel Papa Sartre (Bābā Sartr, 2001) and uses it as a vehicle to explore the reception of existentialism in the Arab world. The protagonist, ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān, passes himself off as an existentialist par excellence, but his shallow understanding of philosophy is disclosed as the plot progresses. After a brief historical and theoretical introduction, the thesis introduces the novel and then analyzes the techniques the author uses both to create a realistic impression and to ridicule the entire generation of Iraqi intellectuals of the 1960s. The novel's satire is formed through the mockery of the reception of the main themes of existentialism (nausea, alienation, freedom). As a key to understanding the satirical depiction of the philosophy, this thesis observes the changes between the original existentialist themes and the mocked outcome. Key Words Existentialism - Iraq - Jean-Paul Sartre - Bābā Sārtr - 1960sBakalárska práca sa zaoberá satirickým románom Otec Sartre (Bābā Sartr, 2001) súčasného irackého spisovateľa ʿAlīho Badra a využíva ho ako prostriedok k skúmaniu recepcie existencializmu v arabskom svete. Protagonista diela ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān sa vydáva za existencialistu par excellence, avšak v priebehu deja sa vyjavuje jeho plytké chápanie filozofie. Po krátkom historickom a teoretickom úvode práca predstavuje román a následne analyzuje techniky, ktoré autor používa jednak k navodeniu realistického dojmu a jednak k zosmiešneniu celej generácie irackých intelektuálov šesťdesiatych rokov. K románovej satire dochádza skrze zosmiešňovanie recepcie hlavných tém existencializmu (nevoľnosť, odcudzenie, sloboda), pričom práca za východisko k porozumeniu tejto satiry považuje pozorovanie zmien medzi pôvodným existenciálnym námetom a zosmiešneným výsledkom. Kľúčové slová Existencializmus - Irak - Jean-Paul Sartre - Bābā Sārtr - šesťdesiate rokyKatedra Blízkého východuDepartment of Middle Eastern StudiesFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult
Auto-ignition of direct injection spray of light naphtha, primary reference fuels, gasoline and gasoline surrogate
No full textIn this work, the spray and auto-ignition characteristics of light naphtha (LN), primary reference fuels (PRF65, PRF95), Haltermann gasoline (CARB LEVIII, 10 vol% ethanol), and a gasoline surrogate were studied in an optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber. An outwardly opening hollow cone piezoelectric gasoline direct injection fuel injector was used. Five ambient temperatures from 650 to 950 K with a 75 K step were selected with a fixed ambient density of 3.5 kg/m, similar to the Spray G density defined by the engine combustion network (ECN). Fuel auto-ignition was achieved with varying ignition delays for the five investigated fuels depending on the selected experimental conditions. Results show that the auto-ignition locations are randomly distributed in the combustion chamber. Differences in ignition delay times among the five fuels are more significant when the ambient temperature is lower than 750 K. When the ambient temperature is lower than 750 K, PRF95 always has the longest ignition delay and LN has the shortest. Ignition delays of the five fuels are almost identical when the ambient temperature exceeds 750 K. Meanwhile, the five fuels have a similar spray front penetration length and spray angles before the occurrence of auto-ignition under all the investigated conditions.This research was supported in part by the Saudi Aramco R&D Center through the Clean Combustion Research Center of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology under the FUELCOM program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies
GDI fuel sprays of light naphtha, PRF95 and gasoline using a piezoelectric injector under different ambient pressures
No full textThis study investigates fuel sprays of light naphtha (LN), primary reference fuel (PRF) and gasoline under different ambient pressures with an outwardly opening piezo gasoline direct injection (GDI) fuel injector. The tested gasoline fuel (regular grade with up to 10% ethanol, E10) was obtained by mixing fuels with AKI (the average of the research octane number (RON) and the motor octane number (MON)) of 87 from three local gas stations. Primary reference fuel (PRF) is commonly used as gasoline surrogate fuel and is blended by iso-octane and n-heptane. PRF95 is the blend of 95% iso-octane and 5% n-heptane by volume. LN fuel was provided by Saudi Aramco Oil Company. Five different ambient pressure conditions varied from 1 bar to 10 bar were tested. The spray was visualized by applying a Mie-scattering technique and a high-speed camera was employed to capture the spray images. The spray structure, spray angle, spray penetration length and spray front fluctuation were analyzed and compared among three fuels. Spray images show that a clear filamentary hollow-cone spray structure is formed for all three fuels at atmospheric conditions, and toroidal recirculation vortexes are observed at the downstream spray edges. A higher ambient pressure leads to a stronger vortex located closer to the injector outlet. Generally speaking, larger spray angles are found under higher ambient pressure conditions for all three fuels. Gasoline fuel always has the largest spray angle for each ambient pressure, while PRF95 has the smallest at most time. For each fuel, the spray front penetration length and spray front penetration velocity decrease with increasing ambient pressure. LN, PRF95 and gasoline show similar penetration length and velocity under the tested conditions. A two-stage spray front fluctuation pattern is observed for all three fuels. Stage one begins from the start of the injection and ends at 450–500 μs after the start of the injection trigger (ASOIT) with a slow fluctuation increase for all ambient conditions. After Stage one, the spray front fluctuation increases rapidly to a certain level and then becomes stable in Stage two.This research was supported in part by the Saudi Aramco Public R&D Center through the Clean Combustion Research Center of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology under the FUELCOM program. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies
Hip fractures in Lebanese patients: Determinants and prognosis
No full textHip fractures are the most costly of osteoporotic fractures, but little is known about their epidemiology in the Middle East. Hip fracture patients and controls with osteoarthritis admitted to our institution from 1992 to 2002 were studied. Information on gender, age, type of fracture, comorbid conditions, and medications use was obtained. The mean age for hip fracture patients (n = 274) was 72.1(8.5) yr, and for controls (n = 112), it was 71.1(4.4) yr, two-thirds of fractures occurred in women. Fractures were 59percent intertrochanteric, 34percent femoral neck, and 7percent subtrochanteric, with no gender differences. Hip fracture patients were more likely to have had a prior fracture and to suffer from neurological, gastrointestinal, or renal comorbidities, as compared to controls. Less than 10percent of hip fracture patients received any therapy for osteoporosis, either on admission or discharge. In a subset of patients with follow-up, the mortality rate was 47percent in subjects with hip fracture, and most deaths occurred within the first year postoperatively. Gender but not fracture type affected mortality. Lebanese patients with hip fractures are younger, more likely to sustain intertrochanteric fractures, and experience higher mortality than Western counterparts. Few subjects received osteoporosis therapy. This study carries important public health implications on the management of hip fracture in subjects from Lebanon and, possibly, the Middle East.Alonso CG, 2000, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V11, P714; Baddoura R, 2001, REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE, V49, P27; BOEREBOOM FTJ, 1992, NETH J MED, V41, P4; Center JR, 1999, LANCET, V353, P878, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(98)09075-8; Chapuy MC, 2002, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V13, P257, DOI 10.1007-s001980200023; COOPER C, 1992, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V2, P285, DOI 10.1007-BF01623184; COOPER C, 1993, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V137, P1001; CUMMINGS SR, 1993, LANCET, V341, P72, DOI 10.1016-0140-6736(93)92555-8; CUMMINGS SR, 1995, NEW ENGL J MED, V332, P767, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199503233321202; Eastwood EA, 2002, J AM GERIATR SOC, V50, P1240, DOI 10.1046-j.1532-5415.2002.50311.x; Ekman A, 2001, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V12, P185, DOI 10.1007-s001980170128; El-Hajj Fuleihan G, 2001, PEDIATRICS, V107, P1; FAULKNER KG, 1994, J BONE MINER RES, V9, P1065; Fox KM, 1999, J GERONTOL A-BIOL, V54, pM635, DOI 10.1093-gerona-54.12.M635; Fuleihan GAE, 2001, J BONE MINER RES, V16, pS513; Fuleihan GEH, 2002, BONE, V31, P520; Gannage-Yared MH, 2000, J BONE MINER RES, V15, P1856, DOI 10.1359-jbmr.2000.15.9.1856; GREENSPAN SL, 1994, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V271, P128, DOI 10.1001-jama.271.2.128; Hannan EL, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P2736, DOI 10.1001-jama.285.21.2736; HARMA M, 1988, ANN CHIR GYNAECOL FE, V77, P180; Hasserius R, 2003, BONE, V32, P180, DOI 10.1016-S8756-3282(02)00951-1; JACOBSEN SJ, 1992, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V82, P1147, DOI 10.2105-AJPH.82.8.1147; Juby AG, 2002, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V13, P205, DOI 10.1007-s001980200015; Kanis J, 1999, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V9, P45, DOI 10.1007-s001980050115; Kanis JA, 2003, BONE, V32, P468, DOI 10.1016-S8756-3282(03)00061-9; Karagas MR, 1996, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V143, P677; Klotzbuecher CM, 2000, J BONE MINER RES, V15, P721, DOI 10.1359-jbmr.2000.15.4.721; KOTOWICZ M, 1994, J BONE MINER RES, P599; LIBANATI CR, 1992, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V74, P351, DOI 10.1210-jc.74.2.351; Lindsay R, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P320, DOI 10.1001-jama.285.3.320; Luthje P, 1995, ANN CHIR GYNAECOL FE, V84, P395; MAGAZINER J, 1989, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V79, P274, DOI 10.2105-AJPH.79.3.274; Magaziner J, 1997, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V87, P1630, DOI 10.2105-AJPH.87.10.1630; Melton LJ, 1999, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V10, P214, DOI 10.1007-s001980050218; Meyer HE, 2000, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V11, P228, DOI 10.1007-s001980050285; Michaelsson K, 1999, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V10, P487, DOI 10.1007-s001980050259; PARKER MJ, 1991, PUBLIC HEALTH, V105, P443, DOI 10.1016-S0033-3506(05)80614-6; RAY WA, 1990, ARCH INTERN MED, V150, P2109, DOI 10.1001-archinte.150.10.2109; ROSS PD, 1993, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V3, P120, DOI 10.1007-BF01623272; Schott AM, 1998, OSTEOPOROSIS INT, V8, P247, DOI 10.1007-s001980050061; Sibai AM, 2001, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V55, P271, DOI 10.1136-jech.55.4.271; Torgerson DJ, 1996, J BONE MINER RES, V11, P293; van Staa TP, 2002, BONE, V31, P508; WHEADON M, 1991, NEW ZEAL MED J, V104, P41777
Clinical trials involving positron emission tomography and prostate cancer: An analysis of the ClinicalTrials.gov database
No full text© 2018 The Author(s). Background: The goal of this study is to evaluate the status and future perspectives of clinical trials on positron emission tomography in prostate cancer for diagnostic or therapeutic as well as for surveillance purposes. Methods: The www.ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched on the 20th of January 2017 for all trials containing terms describing prostate cancer (prostate, prostatic, malignant, malignancy, cancer, tumor) and positron emission tomography. In total 167 trials were identified. Trials that included diseases other than PCa were excluded (n = 27; 16%). Furthermore, we excluded trials (n = 4, 2%) withdrawn prior to first patient enrollment. The remaining trials (n = 137, 82%) were selected for further manual classification analysis. Results: One hundred thirty-seven trials were detected and analyzed. Majority of trials were in active recruitment status (n = 46, 34%) followed by trials that had been completed - (n = 34, 25%) and trials with closed recruitment but active follow-up (n = 23, 17%). Phase 1 and 2 comprised 46% of the complete trial portfolio. Locally confined disease was of major interest (n = 46, 34%), followed by metastatic disease - not otherwise specified (n = 43, 13%). Evaluation of PET was the primary goal of the trial in 114 (83%) cases. Most of the trials evaluated only one agent (n = 122, 89%). Choline and PSMA represented two major groups (total 50%) and they were equally distributed across trial portfolio with 25% (n = 34) each. PSMA trials showed the highest average annual growth rate of 56%. The trials were conducted in 17 countries. Conclusion: The scientific community is showing a strong and ever-growing interest in the field and we expect that in the coming years, more phase III trials will be initiated ultimately delivering the required Level 1 evidence
