4,083 research outputs found
Abstract
No full textThis chapter on longan and litchi (Litchi chinensis) covers the following: effects of soil type, soil pH, salinity and mycorrhizas on fertilizer requirement; factors affecting leaf composition; leaf and soil analyses, and orchard surveys for fertilizer requirement determination; N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, B and Mn nutrition (concentration and uptake, effects on productivity, and deficiency symptoms); fertilizer programme for young orchards in Australia; and fertigation
Abstract
No full textThis chapter on photosynthesis and productivity in litchi (Litchi chinensis) and longan covers the following: relationship between photosynthesis and plant development; effects of the environment on photosynthesis; assimilate production and distribution; relationship between fruit growth and leaf expansion; relationship between yield and assimilate supply; relationship between fruit size and yield; relationship between yield and tree size; effects of light and temperature on growth and productivity; effects of planting density and pruning on productivity; and practical aspects of pruning. Tabulated data on the productivity of litchi and longan in China and Thailand, and on the effects of leaf position and stage of development on leaf fresh weight and area, chlorophyll content, net carbon dioxide assimilation, and stomatal conductance in litchi (cv. Bengal) in Queensland, Australia, are presented
Abstract
No full textThis chapter on litchi (Litchi chinensis) and longans covers the following: soil and plant water relations; irrigation requirements; tree water use; irrigation in China, Vietnam and India; soil water uptake; relationship between gas exchange and tree water status; models of leaf gas exchange; relationship between growth and weather; effects of drought on the growth of young trees, flowering in potted plants and orchard trees, and fruit growth and quality; irrigation management; irrigation systems; and monitoring of tree water use
Cultivars and plant improvement
No full textThis chapter summarizes research on cultivar development, cultivar identification, genetic analysis and genetic improvement in litchi (Litchi chinensis) and longan, and describes litchi cultivars in China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines, Indonesia, southern Africa, Israel, Australia and the USA, and longan cultivars in China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Australia and the USA
Litchi and longan: botany, production and uses
No full textLitchi (lychee) and the related fruit longan are grown extensively in China and South-East Asia, as well as in Australia, Florida (USA), Southern Europe and Southern Africa. This book represents the only comprehensive, balanced and internationally focused publication on these fruit. It covers all aspects of production, from taxonomy and breeding, to propagation, flowering and fruit set, to diseases, pests and postharvest storage and processing. It also contains information on photosynthesis, productivity, plant-water relations and nutrition
M-Combinatorialism and the Semantics of SQML
No full textThe Simplest Quantified Modal Logic (SQML) is controversial because it seems to conflict with some of our most basic intuitions about what is possible and what is necessary. Two controversial principles, the Barcan Schema (BS) and Necessary Existence NE, are valid in SQML models. Informally expressed, BS requires that, if it is
possible that something is F, then there is something that is possibly F. This result seems to conflict with the intuition that there is some property F such that F could have been exemplified, though is not possibly exemplified by any existing thing. NE conflicts with the intuition that there could have been more/different existents than there actually are and the intuition that those things that actually exist could have failed to exist. The primary goal of this thesis is to provide a semantics for SQML that justifies the validity of BS and NE with these intuitions in mind. This is the focus of the fifth section of the thesis. In the first four sections of the thesis, I discuss prior attempts to meet my primary goal, all of which I consider unsuccessful.
According to my view, which I call M-combinatorialism, the world is comprised of simples, mereological sums of those simples and universals that the former objects exemplify. I argue that we can justify the validity of BS by appealing to these facts about simples and sums: (1) simples are arranged such that the sums of these simples
exemplify certain properties, (2) the actual arrangement of any given number of simples is a contingent matter and (3) had the simples that are actually arranged to form the
complex objects in the actual world been arranged differently, the sums of these simples could have exemplified radically different properties.
Insofar as Combinatorialists construct all possible individuals only out of actual individuals, they are committed to the necessary existence of those actual individuals, which allows the M-Combinatorialist to justify the validity of NE. So, the M-Combinatorialist
is able to provide an adequate semantics for SQML. In the final section, I defend my view against objections
The failure of storytelling to ground a causal theory of reference
No full textI argue that one cannot hold a Meinongian ontology of fictional characters and have a causal theory of reference for fictional names. The main argument presented refutes Edward Zalta's claim that storytelling should be considered an extended baptism for fictional characters. This amounts to the claim that storytelling fixes the reference of fictional names in the same way that baptism fixes the reference of ordinary names, and this is just a claim about the illocutionary force of these two types of utterance. To evaluate this argument, therefore, we need both a common understanding of the Meinongian ontology and a common taxonomy of speech acts. I briefly sketch the Meinongian ontology as it is laid out by Zalta in order to meet the former condition. Then I present an interpretation of the taxonomy of illocutionary acts given by John Searle in the late 1970s and mid 1980s, within which we can evaluate Zalta's claims. With an ontology of fictional characters and a taxonomy of speech acts in place, I go on to examine the ways in which the Meinongian might argue that storytelling is an extended baptism. None of these arguments are tenable-there is no way for the act of storytelling to serve as an extended baptism. Therefore, the act of storytelling does not constitute a baptism of fictional characters; that is, storytelling fails to ground a causal chain of reference to fictional characters
Aquinas on Substance: A Defense of Hylemorphism Against Contemporary Accounts of Substance
No full textTheories of substance have dominated much of the literature in metaphysics. Today, there are two prominent accounts of substance: bare particularism and bundle theory. Both theories are attractive for different reasons, yet both have serious problems. While bare particularism and bundle theory enjoy preference in the literature on substance, I think that hylemorphism and the metaphysics of substance formulated by Aristotle and adopted by Saint Thomas Aquinas is an attractive view for two reasons: (1) its ability to account for both substantial and accidental change, and (2) its ability to account for the teleological nature of substance. To account for substantial change, hylemorphism makes a distinction between different types of form and matter. In substantial change, the substantial form of a substance is destroyed and replaced with a new substantial form. The subject of this change is prime matter. In accidental change, an accidental form is replaced by a new accidental form and the subject of this change is secondary matter, or the substance itself. Furthermore, a substance can also be understood as a composite of essence and accidents. By postulating an essence distinct from its accidents, hylemorphism can explain how substances are internally unified and directed towards a range of characteristic ends. As an integral part of a more general metaphysics, hylemorphism provides motivation to revisit the metaphysics of Aristotle and Aquinas
A defense of theistic activism
No full textDue to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 69).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.There is a tension between traditional theism and contemporary Platonism. Traditional theism maintains that God is the creator of all things distinct from Him; whereas contemporary Platonism contends that there are innumerably many abstract objects that are uncreated as well as immutable and necessarily existent. These abstract objects include, but are not limited to, numbers, properties, propositions, and relations. In "Absolute Creation" Christopher Menzel and Thomas Morris seek to reconcile traditional theism and contemporary Platonism: they argue that abstract objects are immutable and necessarily existent, but that they are dependent on God for their existence. They have named the view "theistic activism." Brian Leftow argues against the viability of theistic activism. He offers the following three claims: (i) activism entails that God creates Himself; (ii) activism relies on a causal incoherence; and (iii) activism entails an explanatory circle. Hugh J. McCann has also offered an objection to activism. He argues that activism entails a reductio ad absurdum. In this thesis I give an exposition of theistic activism and the objections that Menzel and Morris anticipate in "Absolute Creation." Following that, I argue against Leftow's claims and the objection offered by McCann. In conclusion, I summarize the objections to theistic activism and speculate that activism is not immediately intuitively appealing due to the model of creation activism presupposes
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