86,775 research outputs found
Tibiotarsal and subastragalar arthrography using an iodised contrast medium: Clinical remarks
No full textGraves disease: latest understanding of pathogenesis and treatment options
No full textGraves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas. The main responsible mechanism is related to autoantibodies that bind and activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). Although Graves hyperthyroidism is relatively common, no causal treatment options are available. Established treatment modalities are antithyroid drugs, which reduce thyroid hormone synthesis, radioactive iodine and surgery. However, emerging drugs that target the main autoantigen (monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, peptides) or block the immune pathway have been recently tested in clinical trials. Graves disease can involve the thyroid exclusively or it can be associated with extrathyroidal manifestations, among which Graves orbitopathy is the most common. The presence of Graves orbitopathy can change the management of the disease. An established treatment for moderate-to-severe Graves orbitopathy is intravenous glucocorticoids. However, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of Graves orbitopathy have allowed the development of new target-based therapies by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, lymphocytic infiltration or the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), with several clinical trials providing promising results. This article reviews the new discoveries in the pathogenesis of Graves hyperthyroidism and Graves orbitopathy that offer several important tools in disease management
Trattamento della lombalgia da patologia meccanica del rachide mediante l'utilizzo di un posizionatore antalgico lombare: dati preliminari
No full textCARCINOMA POLMONARE: STADIAZIONE ENDOTORACICA CON VIDEOENDOSCOPIA ED ECOGRAFIA TORACOSCOPICA (VTUS)
No full textComputational information for the logistic map at the chaos threshold
No full textWe study the logistic map f(x) = lambdax(1 - x) on the unit square at the chaos threshold. By using the methods of symbolic dynamics, the information content of an orbit of a dynamical system is defined as the Algorithmic Information Content (AIC) of a symbolic sequence. We give results for the behaviour of the AIC for the logistic map. Since the AIC is not a computable function we use, as approximation of the AIC, a notion of information content given by the length of the string after it has been compressed by a compression algorithm, and in particular we introduce a new compression algorithm called CASToRe. The information content is then used to characterise the chaotic behaviour
The surgical treatment of mobile valgus flat foot in children.
No full textThe indications for surgical intervention in the treatment of mobile valgus flat foot in children are based on the age of the patient and the severity of the lesion. This depends on an accurate pre-operative assessment based on many clinical and radiographic signs and is the only way of deciding when orthotic treatment and physiokinesotherapy should be replaced by surgery
Role of genetic and non-genetic factors in the etiology of Graves' disease
No full textIn spite of the advancements in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of Graves' disease (GD), its ultimate cause remains elusive. The majority of investigators agree that GD is likely a multifactorial disease, due to a complex interplay of genetic and non-genetic factors that lead to the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens and to the initiation of a sustained autoimmune reaction. Twin and family studies support a role of genetic factors, among which the HLA complex, CD40, CTLA-4, PTPN22, FCRL3, thyroglobulin, and the TSH receptor may be involved. Among non-genetic factors, iodine, infections, psychological stress, gender, smoking, thyroid damage, vitamin D, selenium, immune modulating agents, and periods of immune reconstitution may contribute the development of the diseases. Here we review in detail the respective role of genetic and non-genetic factors in the etiology of GD, taking advantage of the great bulk of data generated especially over the past 30 years
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