1,721,070 research outputs found
L’efficacia dei trattamenti non farmacologici
No full textSommario
La salute è un costrutto complesso e multifattoriale che coincide con una condizione di completo benessere fisico, mentale e sociale, non riducibile alla semplice assenza di malattia, di menomazione o di infermità. Per tale motivo, i trattamenti farmacologici da soli non possono costituire una misura sufficiente per raggiungere il benessere della persona a cui vengono somministrati. Una mole crescente di studi sull’effetto placebo e sui trattamenti non convenzionali sta verificando l’efficacia di strumenti, tecniche e pratiche alternative rispetto al trattamento farmacologico, con risultati sempre più incoraggianti. La concezione della cura che si sta affermando in conseguenza di questi risultati tende a far scivolare sullo sfondo la specificità delle tecniche proprie di ciascun approccio, farmacologico o meno, ponendo in primo piano i fattori comuni a tutti i trattamenti. L’elemento che può riassumere la maggior parte di tali fattori è, con ogni probabilità, la relazione d’aiuto, entro la quale tecniche, farmaci e placebo acquistano senso e significato, trasformandosi in strumenti utili al raggiungimento del benessere.
Abstract
Health is a complex and multifactorial construct that coincides with a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and does not merely consist of the absence of disease, impairment, or infirmity. For this reason, pharmacological treatments alone cannot achieve well-being in the person to whom they are being administered. A growing body of studies on the placebo effect and unconventional treatments are testing the effectiveness of tools, techniques, and alternative procedures in pharmacological treatment, with more and more encouraging results. As a consequence of these findings, a new concept of care is emerging, which is pushing the specific techniques of each approach, pharmacological or not, into the background by focusing on the factors which are common to all treatments. The element that can summarize the majority of these factors is, in all likelihood, a helping relationship, within which techniques, medications, and placebos acquire meaning and significance as useful tools to achieve personal well-being
Arte tra mente e corpo: Un processo estetico di cura
No full textToday the artistic mediation of art therapy continues to support the adaptive success that art has promoted into the human being development. From the biological roots of arts to the empathy in the aesthetic experience, a process of aesthetic care of the art therapy is drawn. This process has, as its purpose, to put the person in a close dialogue between mind and body experiences, by changing any form of narcissistic projection of self into the other in a mirroring of the other into yourself. As the artist forces to make my own that one that is his/her, through the bewitching power of beauty, so the art therapy must educate to get out of autistic behaviors, mental blindness, to give patients the agentive force of an empathetic gaze. The article outlines criteria to test the effectiveness of art therapy in the helping relationship, by examining recent studies of cognitive science.
La mediazione artistica delle arti terapie continua nell’oggi a favorire quel successo adattativo che l’arte ha avuto per l’essere umano. Dalle radici biologiche delle arti all’empatia nell’esperienza estetica si tracciano le linee di un processo estetico di cura delle arti terapie. Questo processo ha come finalità quello di mettere la persona in uno stretto dialogo tra la propria esperienza mentale e corporea, trasformando ogni forma di narcisistica proiezione di sé nell’altro in un rispecchiamento dell’altro in sé. Come l’artista induce a far mio ciò che è suo attraverso l’ammaliante forza del bello, così le arti terapie devono educare a uscire da comportamenti autistici, di cecità mentale, per ridare ai pazienti la forza agentiva di uno sguardo empatico. L’articolo, prendendo in esame alcuni studi recenti delle scienze cognitive, traccia dei criteri di verifica dell’efficacia delle arti terapie nella relazione d’aiuto
Le tecnologie assistive
No full textL’allungamento della vita media negli ultimi sessant’anni ha prodotto nei paesi occidentali il grande fenomeno dell’invecchiamento della popolazione, che ora avanza anche nei paesi emergenti sullo scenario mondiale. Oggi in Italia siamo al primo esprimersi di una generazione che vive così a lungo: poco meno di due milioni di ultraottantacinquenni, nella maggioranza soli o con un partner, pur affetti da malattie croniche, si trovano in una condizione di discreto compenso funzionale. Il testo presenta dati e conoscenze, raccolti dalle ultime ricerche nel settore, che spaziano dalla demografia all’epidemiologia, dall’espressività clinica delle patologie alla qualità della vita. Gli autori, impegnati per tanti anni nel campo della gerontologia e della geriatria, vogliono portare alla luce le caratteristiche psichiche e fisiche di questa estrema fascia d’età, la peculiarità dei problemi e le risposte possibili
The abandonment of assistive technology in Italy: a survey of National Health Service users
No full textBackground: this study was an extension of research which began in the Umbria region in 2009. Aim: to investigate the extent to which assistive technology (AT) has been abandoned by users of the Italian National Health Service (ULHS) and the reasons for this. Design: observational study. Setting: users who received a hearing device (HD) or mobility device (MD) by ULHS between 2010 and 2013. Population: 749 out of 3,791 ULHS users contacted via telephone completed the interview: 330 (44.06%) had a HD and 419 (55.94%) a MD. Methods: Data were collected using a specially developed telephone interview questionnaire including the Italian version of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with AT (QUEST 2.0) and Assistive Technology Use Follow-up Survey (ATUFS). Results: 134 users (17.9%) were no longer using their assigned AT device within seven months of issue and 40% of this group reported that they had never used the device. Duration of use (how long the AT device was used before abandonment) and satisfaction with service delivery did not predict AT abandonment. People who received a HD where more likely to abandon their device (22.4%) than those who received a MD (14.4%). Conclusion: abandonment may be due to assignment of inappropriate devices or failure to meet user needs and expectations. These findings are consistent with previous data collected by Federici and Borsci in 2009. Utility of AT in use, reasons of abandonment, and importance of device and service satisfaction for the use or non-use of an AT are presented and discussed. Clinical Rehabilitation Impact: AT abandonment surveys provide useful information for modelling AT assessment and delivery process. The study confirms the relevance of person centredness approach for a successful AT assessment and delivery process
Homophobia and Disability: Literature Review
No full textWe conducted a literature review of 58 studies on homophobia and LGBT disabled people published between 1994 and 2013 that reported a complex and conflictual relationship among different cultures. These are the expression of three social communities: (i) the LGBT community, (ii) the disabled community, and (iii) the mainstream society (mainly identified as the heterosexual and able-bodied community). The condition of exclusion that both disabled and LGBT people endure is rooted in two socially shared myths: compulsory able-bodiedness and compulsory heterosexuality. Both of them are the basis of homophobic prejudice. However, in order to neutralize the socio-cultural barriers, responses produced by the two minority communities, i.e., the LGBT and disabled people, are often in conflict with each other making their spaces inhospitable to LGBT disabled people
Exoskeleton: The New Horizon of Robotic Assistance for Human Gait
No full textAn exoskeleton is an active mechanical device that is anthropomorphic in nature, is “worn” by an operator, fits closely to his or her body, and works in concert with the wearer’s movements. Generally, the term “exoskeleton” is used to describe a device augmenting the performance of an able-bodied wearer. In contrast, the term “active orthosis” is described as a device that is used to increase the ambulatory ability of a person with disability, for example, someone suffering from a leg pathology. Occasionally, however, the term “exoskeleton” is also used to describe certain assistive devices that enclose the majority of the lower limbs (Dollar and Herr, 2008)
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