956 research outputs found
Performance of a micro-engineered ultrasonic particle manipulator
No full textAn ultrasonic microfluidic particle manipulator has been modeled and its experimentally measured separation performance has been compared with the modeled results for 1 µm latex particles, and yeast particles in water
Hepatitis A virus in the Middle East and North Africa region: A new challenge
No full textDuring the past three decades, a gradual shift in the age of infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) from early childhood to adulthood has been observed. There is a general lack of updated data on HAV burden of disease, incidence and age-specific seroprevalence in countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The aim of this article is to review the published data on anti-HAV seroprevalence, an important tool to monitor infections rates, in countries of the MENA region and associated risk factors including water and socioeconomic data when available. Data on anti-HAV seroprevalence were found for 12 of 25 MENA countries. We show that MENA countries, similar to other areas in the world, have a clear shift in HAV incidence with a decline among young age groups and an increase among adults and older individuals. This would likely be associated with increased morbidity and increased risks of outbreaks among younger age groups. Consequently, the continuous surveillance of hepatitis A cases and the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine in the expanded immunization programmes are needed in countries of the MENA. © 2014 John Wiley and Sons Ltd.Abdo AA, 2012, SAUDI J GASTROENTERO, V18, P349, DOI 10.4103-1319-3767.103425; Abufayed AA, WATER SUPPLY SANITAT; Al Faleh F, 2008, WORLD J GASTROENTERO, V14, P7371, DOI 10.3748-wjg.14.7371; Alian S., 2011, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, V17, P754; Alkhalidi Jameela, 2009, World J Gastroenterol, V15, P102, DOI 10.3748-wjg.15.102; Almuneef MA, 2006, VACCINE, V24, P5599, DOI 10.1016-j.vaccine.2006.04.038; Almuneef MA, 2006, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V27, P1178, DOI 10.1086-508826; [Anonymous], 2013, VACCINE, V31, P285; Ardakani AT, 2013, HEPAT MON, V13, DOI 10.5812-hepatmon.10553; Ataallah M, 2011, GLOB J HLTH SCI, V3, P70; Ataei Behrooz, 2008, Trop Gastroenterol, V29, P160; Bawazir AA, 2010, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V104, P801, DOI 10.1016-j.trstmh.2010.08.007; Bouskraoui M, 2009, ARCH PEDIATRIE, V16, pS132, DOI 10.1016-S0929-693X(09)75317-5; Bovier PA, 2010, J MED VIROL, V82, P1629, DOI 10.1002-jmv.21883; Ceran N, 2012, J VIRAL HEPATITIS, V19, P72, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2893.2011.01454.x; Ceyhan M, 2008, J VIRAL HEPATITIS, V15, P69, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2893.2008.01034.x; Council TAW, DEM POP REP ALG MIN; Dawoud MA, 2012, INT J ENV SUSTAIN, V1, P22; Demicheli V, 2003, VACCINE, V21, P2250, DOI 10.1016-S0264-410X(03)00136-1; Deveci U, 2011, AFR J MICROBIOL RES, V5, P5969, DOI 10.5897-AJMR11.1126; Dominguez A, 2003, VACCINE, V21, P698, DOI 10.1016-S0264-410X(02)00583-2; Drouiche N, 2011, WATER RESOUR MANAG, V25, P2743, DOI 10.1007-s11269-011-9836-8; Egemen A, 2006, TURKISH J PEDIATR, V48, P135; El-Gilany AH, 2010, ASIAN PAC J TROP MED, V3, P278; El-Sheikh RA, 2005, LNCV INT FOR FOOD SE; Erdogan MS, 2004, EUR J EPIDEMIOL, V19, P267; Ettouney HM, 2002, CHEM ENG PROG, V98, P32; Fiore Anthony E., 2006, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, V55, P1; Gharbi-Khelifi H, 2012, INDIAN J VIROL, V23, P29, DOI 10.1007-s13337-012-0063-6; Global Water Intelligence, ISR FAST TRACKS WAST; Global Water Intelligence, DES MARK EG REACH 39; Global Water Intelligence, DES MARK TURK REACH; Gueye L, AFRICAS SUSTAINABLE, P24; Halicioglu O, 2012, TRAVEL MED INFECT DI, V10, P43, DOI 10.1016-j.tmaid.2012.01.001; Hendrickx G, 2008, J VIRAL HEPATITIS, V15, P1, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2893.2008.01022.x; Husman AMD, 2007, PERSP MED V, V17, P127, DOI 10.1016-S0168-7069(07)17007-5; Ince OT, 2011, TURKISH J PEDIATR, V53, P114; Jaber SM, 2006, SAUDI MED J, V27, P1515; Jacobsen KH, 2005, INT J EPIDEMIOL, V34, P600, DOI 10.1093-ije-dyi062; Jacobsen KH, 2004, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V132, P1005, DOI 10.1017-S0950268804002857; Jacobsen KH, 2010, VACCINE, V28, P6653, DOI 10.1016-j.vaccine.2010.08.037; Kaya AD, 2008, J PAEDIATR CHILD H, V44, P205, DOI 10.1111-j.1440-1754.2007.01248.x; Kaya D, 2007, J VIRAL HEPATITIS, V14, P830, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2893.2007.00886.x; Kivaisi AK, 2001, ECOL ENG, V16, P545, DOI 10.1016-S0925-8574(00)00113-0; Lattemann S, 2008, DESALINATION, V220, P1, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2007.03.009; Lavanchy D, 2012, J CLIN VIROL, V55, P296, DOI 10.1016-j.jcv.2012.08.022; Lebanese Ministry of Public Health World Health Organization, LEBANESE WEEKLY EPI; Letaief A, 2005, AM J TROP MED HYG, V73, P40; Limassol SBo, TETR TREATM PLANT; Louati N, 2009, Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis, V86, P69; Luyten J, 2009, PHARMACOECONOMICS, V27, P379, DOI 10.2165-00019053-200927050-00003; Memish ZA, 2010, INT J INFECT DIS, V14, pE115, DOI 10.1016-j.ijid.2009.03.027; Merat S, 2010, ARCH IRAN MED, V13, P99; Mohebbi SR, 2012, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V106, P528, DOI 10.1016-j.trstmh.2012.05.013; Naddafi K, 2009, IRAN J ENVIRON HEALT, V6, P41; Oncu S, 2005, HEALTH POLICY, V74, P39, DOI 10.1016-j.healthpol.2004.12.004; Qadir M., 2010, Irrigation and Drainage Systems, V24, P37; Rezig D, 2008, PATHOL BIOL, V56, P148, DOI 10.1016-j.patbio.2007.09.026; Saffar MJ, 2012, HEPAT MON, V12, P326, DOI 10.5812-hepatmon.6035; Salama I. 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Hepatitis C virus infection in the Middle East and North Africa “MENA” region: injecting drug users (IDUs) is an under-investigated population
No full textPurpose: Investigation of the injecting drug users (IDUs) population is becoming extremely critical and timely in light of the recent evidence that IDUs now act as the core of hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemics in developed countries. The purpose of this article, therefore, is not only to review the epidemiology of HCV in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, but also to see whether IDUs were adequately studied and whether harm reduction strategies to be applied for their protection have been set. Methods: A literature review was carried out of articles published within the last decade on HCV infection. Results: The gathered data showed that the population of IDUs is severely under-investigated throughout the whole region, possibly due to religious and cultural impediments. Conclusion: In order to reduce the risk of HCV infection in IDUs, a set of recommendations are advanced emphasizing the urgent need for bio-behavioral studies in this population in order to help identify the source and mode of transmission and the genotypes of HCV involved. These results may allow the development of effective and, yet, socially acceptable intervention strategies. We believe that the role which IDUs play in sustaining HCV infection is also an under-investigated topic in many developing countries. Similar reviews and, hence, interventions should be initiated in these regions. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.Abdel-Hamid M, 2007, J GEN VIROL, V88, P1526, DOI 10.1099-vir.0.82626-0; Abou MAA, 2009, VIROL J, V6, DOI 10.1186-1743-422X-6-146; Alashek WA, 2008, LIBYAN J MED, V3, P162, DOI 10.4176-080425; Alavian S. 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Religious and philosophical psychology in the works of N.M. Bogolyubov
No full textWe present the results of historical and psychological research filling the gaps of contemporary knowledge about personalities of religious and philosophical direction of Russian psychology in late XIX – early XX centuries. The author introduces the biography of events and the views of Russian psychologist N.M. Bogolyubov – a man of uneasy fate, embodied in his work the idea of spiritual practice in the analysis and description of a person's inner world. Psychological works of N.M. Bogolyubov reflect the views common for Russian spiritual direction in psychology: consideration of man's inner world by revealing how mental experience is given to the person, his self, recognition of the soul as a sphere of inner reality, recognition of the mental world of a person as an independent entity, living by its own laws, which do not depend on the laws of the material world, asserting that faith can be a valid knowledge. In the arsenal of creative achievements of N.M. Bogolyubov are determination of the value of psychology in studying the problem of religious consciousness and professionalism as a necessary quality of a researcher psychologist in the field
An improved thick-film piezoelectric material by powder blending and enhanced processing parameters
No full textThis paper details improvements of the d33 coefficient for thick-film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) layers. In particular, the effect of blending ball and attritor milled powders has been investigated. Mathematical modeling of the film structure has produced initial experimental values for powder combination percentages. A range of paste formulations between 8:1 and 2:1 ball to attritor milled PZT powders by weight have been mixed into a screen-printable paste. Each paste contains 10% by weight of lead borosilicate glass and an appropriate quantity of solvent to formulate a screen printable thixotropic paste. A d33 of 63.5 pC/N was obtained with a combination of 4:1 ball milled to attritor milled powder by weight. The improved paste combines the high d33 values of ball and the consistency of attritor milled powder. The measured d33 coefficient was further improved to 131 pC/N by increasing the furnace firing pro-file to 100
Screening for antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Lebanon
No full textIntroduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful at decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among ART-naive patients has been documented to compromise the success of initial therapy. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-infected individuals in Lebanon. Methodology: Plasma samples from 37 newly diagnosed participants at various stages of HIV-1 infection were used to determine HIV-1 RNA viral load, isolate viral RNA, and amplify DNA by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were used to perform genotypic resistance tests. Results: The prevalence of resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRT), and protease inhibitors (PI) were 5.4percent, 10.8percent, and 8percent, respectively. The major mutations detected in the study participants conferred resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs recommended for HIV-1 treatment. No significant relationship between HIV-1 viral load of participants and the mode of HIV-1 transmission or between the occurrence of HIVDR and the mode of transmission was found. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study on HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Lebanon. The overall prevalence of HIVDR mutations detected in our study was 16percent. Our results are important for evaluating the utility of the standard first-line regimens in use, determining the feasibility of HIVDR testing before the initiation of ART, as well as minimizing the emergence and transmission of HIVDR. © 2014 Mokhbat et al
Spectral characterisation of shortened pulse position modulation format
No full textShortened pulse position modulation (SPPM) is a new modulation format that has recently been proposed for underwater wireless optical communications. A full spectral characterisation of SPPM is considered and original expressions are presented, which are validated numerically for predicting both the continuous and discrete spectrum
N.M. JADRINTSEV AND ALTAY: RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF THE PUBLICIST AND HIS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTAI PERIODICALS
No full textPurpose. The purpose of this article is to study the role of Nikolai Mikhailovich Yadrintseva in the course of development of the Altai periodicals and its research and statistical activities in the Altai.
Methodology. When writing the article were used General scientific methods like analysis, comparison, generalization.
Results. As a result, the author analyzed the research, ethnographic and statistical activities of Nikolai Mikhailovich Yadrintsev in the Altai. Visiting with the research mission Altai, N.M. Yadrintsev published grandiose essays and articles not only about the ethnographic side of the Altaian “aliens”, but also was able to give his inhabitants a map of the locality and a detailed description of meteorological observations. The role of N.M. Yadrintsev in the development of the Altai periodicals and gives a general description of the newspaper “Eastern Review” under his leadership. Despite the fact that publications on behalf of N.M. Yadrintsev in the Altai were not preserved, with the exception of a small quatrain, he managed to raise the provincial periodicals to a completely new level. Together with Siberian correspondents, he was able to inspire a whole generation, as a result of which universities, museums and numerous Siberian publishing houses began to develop in the cities of Siberia. With the arrival of Nikolai Mikhailovich in the Altai, the periodical press noticeably developed and strengthened.
Practical implications. The article can be used in the teaching of local history, the history of Russia and Russian journalism
Spectral characterisation of nk pulse position modulation format
No full textnk pulse position modulation (PPM) is a new modulation format that has recently been proposed for the optical wireless channel. This Letter considers, for the first time, a full spectral characterisation of -PPM and presents original expressions, which are validated numerically, for predicting both the continuous and discrete spectrum
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