7 research outputs found
Diet Preference and Activity Patterns of Great White Pelicans (Pelecanus Onocrotalus, Linnaeus, 1758) At Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia
No full textA study on the diet preference and activities of Great WhitePelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus, Linnaeus, 1758) was carried out along theshore of Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia, during the wet and dry seasons in2011/2012. Repeated observations and focal animal sampling methods wereused to study the diet and activity patterns. Activity patterns includingfeeding, resting, preening, flying and alert behaviour were analyzed. GreatWhite Pelicans feed primarily on fish (81.9%), they also feed on worms(13.1%), amphibians (0.94%) and some other invertebrates (4.05%). Thepercentage frequency of fish in the diet of P. onocrotalus was 79.2% and84.5% during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Major activities of thespecies during the day time were feeding (45.69%), resting (23.39%),preening (13.95%), flying (14.7%) and alert (1.95%). Feeding activity wasintensive and reached its peak in the morning (09:00-12:00 h) and lateafternoon hours (15:00-18:00 h). Resting was more during the midday.Further ecological studies on Great White Pelicans should be conducted toget more information about the bird and facilitate conservation measures inthe study area
Book Review: Wildlife ecology and conservation
No full textBook Title: Wildlife ecology and conservationBook Author: Mundanthra BalakrishnanPublished by Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur/New Delhi (Published in May 2016) ISBN: 978-81-7233-974-
Promoting a culture of quality assurance at the Economic Commission for Africa: 2018–2019 biennial report
No full textPromoting a culture of quality assurance at the Economic Commission for Africa 2018–2019 biennial report. The present report was prepared under the overall coordination and substantive guidance of Demba Diarra, Chief of Strategic Planning, Oversight and Results Division-Standards and Quality Assurance Section. The lead author was Hodane Youssouf, Economic Affairs Officer, with substantive contributions from: Afework Temtime, Programme Management Officer; Katherina Goetze, Associate Programme Management Officer; and Getachew Rorisa, Senior Programme Management Assistant. The present report also benefited from the technical assistance provided by Teklu Leul, Senior Information Systems Assistant, in rolling out the online survey, which enabled us to amass valuable contributions, comments and suggestions from the survey respondents. A special mention goes to the ECA Publications and Conference Management Section for their editing, translation and design assistance. The reorganization of quality assurance panels and compliance with quality assurance procedures have led to a more systematic delivery of ECA products and services and have enhanced the robustness of ECA outputs
Policies and Program Implementation Experience to Improve Maternal Nutrition in Ethiopia
No full textBACKGROUND:
Maternal undernutrition persists as a serious problem in Ethiopia. Although there are maternal nutrition interventions that are efficacious and effective in improving maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) outcomes, implementation has been limited.
OBJECTIVE:
This study explored needs, perceptions, priorities,facilitatingfactors and barriers to implementation of relevant policies and programs to find opportunities to improve maternal nutrition in Ethiopia
METHODS:
Background information was compiled and synthesized for a situation analysis. This informed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with mothers, community leaders, health workers, and district health officials in four woredas (districts) in Tigray and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region.
RESULTS:
Findings focused on three priority issues: maternal anemia, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), and maternal thinness and stunting. Community-level investigations found that women's low status, food insecurity and poverty, and workload were key factors perceived to contribute to women's undernutrition. Awareness of and demand for services to improve women's nutrition were low, except for high demand for supplementary food. On the supply side, barriers included low prioritization of maternal nutrition in health and nutrition service delivery and weak technical capacity to deliver context-sensitive maternal nutrition interventions at all levels.
CONCLUSIONS:
Community-based health and nutrition services were promising platforms for expanding access to interventions such as micronutrient supplements and social and behavior change communication. Investments are needed to support these community-based programs, including training, supplies, supervision and monitoring. To address IUGR at scale, increased access to cash or food transfers could be explored
Accuracy of assessment of eligibility for early medical abortion by community health workers in Ethiopia, India and South Africa
Get PDFTo assess the accuracy of assessment of eligibility for early medical abortion by community health workers using a simple checklist toolkit.; Diagnostic accuracy study.; Ethiopia, India and South Africa.; Two hundred seventeen women in Ethiopia, 258 in India and 236 in South Africa were enrolled into the study. A checklist toolkit to determine eligibility for early medical abortion was validated by comparing results of clinician and community health worker assessment of eligibility using the checklist toolkit with the reference standard exam.; Accuracy was over 90% and the negative likelihood ratio <0.1 at all three sites when used by clinician assessors. Positive likelihood ratios were 4.3 in Ethiopia, 5.8 in India and 6.3 in South Africa. When used by community health workers the overall accuracy of the toolkit was 92% in Ethiopia, 80% in India and 77% in South Africa negative likelihood ratios were 0.08 in Ethiopia, 0.25 in India and 0.22 in South Africa and positive likelihood ratios were 5.9 in Ethiopia and 2.0 in India and South Africa.; The checklist toolkit, as used by clinicians, was excellent at ruling out participants who were not eligible, and moderately effective at ruling in participants who were eligible for medical abortion. Results were promising when used by community health workers particularly in Ethiopia where they had more prior experience with use of diagnostic aids and longer professional training. The checklist toolkit assessments resulted in some participants being wrongly assessed as eligible for medical abortion which is an area of concern. Further research is needed to streamline the components of the tool, explore optimal duration and content of training for community health workers, and test feasibility and acceptability
Social protection, rural development and the role of public administration in Ethiopia: an examination of the potential for developing employment generation schemes
Get PDFOver fifty per cent of the population of Ethiopia live below the poverty line and are therefore food insecure. Increasingly viewed as an important component of poverty reduction, social protection policies, such as the promotion of labour intensive public works, can serve as a springboard for pro-poor growth and a foundation for social risk management. The research assesses the Ethiopian Employment Generation Scheme (EGS) in the context of Amhara and Tigrai regional states through comparative research into Maharashtran experience. The aim of the research is to assess the implementation of EGS programmes against the objectives of the national policy and to examine the role of public administration in delivering social protection through EGS thereby reducing poverty levels by supporting sustainable rural livelihoods. The national policy seeks to effectively harness a potential 150 million labour days on the basis of existing relief resources alone thereby creating livelihood assets. However, social protection is often considered to be a high cost, low returns component of democratic governance. Experience highlights poor performance in planning and implementation. Reforms must be based on informed and applied study of the areas explored in the research: policy frameworks; implementation; organisational responsibilities; programme efficiency, effectiveness and relevance; short and long term impact; and. sustainability. Such research necessitates a sensitive combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Research findings show that the national policy provides an appropriate pro-poor framework for employment provision and asset creation while essential supportive measures have been neglected. Grassroots administrations remain incapacitated and central support for reform is often lacking. The research establishes a clear set of conclusions and recommendations for reform acknowledging the requirement for a decentralised, demand driven approach to policy design and expenditure management which promotes the comparative advantage of the poor and mainstreams EGS into other strategies for poverty reduction
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly.
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