117 research outputs found
Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients with external ocular infections at Borumeda hospital, Northeast Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Bacteria are major cause of ocular infections and possible loss of vision. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria increases the risk of treatment failure with potentially serious consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients with external ocular infections. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 160 patients with external ocular infections at Borumeda hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. External ocular specimens were collected using sterile swabs and inoculated on MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar and Blood agar culture Medias. Presumptive isolates were further identified by a series of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular samples was 59.4 %. The majority of the isolates (93.7 %; 89/95) were Gram positive and the other 6.3 % (6/95) Gram negative bacteria. The proportion of coagulase negative Staphylococci among the Gram positive bacterial isolates was 53.7 % (n = 51/95). All Gram positive isolates were susceptible for vancomycin but 67.4 % (n = 60/95) of them were resistant against amoxicillin. Moreover, drug resistance to tetracycline, norfloxacylin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were observed among Gram negative bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular samples was high and the predominant isolate was coagulase negative Staphylococci. Exceptionally high amoxicillin resistance was observed among Gram positive bacterial isolates that may dictate to conduct drug susceptibility test routinely.Birtukan Shiferaw, Baye GelawEmail author, Abate Assefa, Yared Assefa and Zelalem Addi
Innovative Automation in Injera Production: Design and Performance of a Relay-Based Control System
No full textThis study presents an innovative approach for automating the traditional injera production process, a staple food in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa. Existing semiautomatic and manual methods suffer from inefficiencies, inconsistent product quality, and significant health risks owing to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and smoke. These limitations necessitate the development of more effective solutions. The proposed method involves the design and implementation of a fully automated injera-making machine that integrates a relay-based control system, microcontroller-driven temperature regulation, and automated dough-handling mechanisms. This novel design ensures consistent baking conditions, minimizes manual intervention, and enhances baker safety. The experimental results demonstrate that the machine can produce 20 injera per hour, reflecting a 33.33% increase in efficiency compared to traditional methods. In addition, the system reduces the energy consumption through precise temperature control to address sustainability concerns. This research offers a comprehensive solution to the challenges of traditional injera production, significantly improving both the production process and well-being of those involved. Future work will focus on optimizing the design for mass production and exploring alternative energy sources to enhance sustainability further
Factors affecting customers ‘bank selection decision: In case of commercial Banks in Jimma Town of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
No full textThe study features to identify the key factors affecting on customer in Ethiopia particularly in
Jimma town bank selection decision . Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires
to a sample of 288 of Banks customers. Their responses rate (85%) 245valid on the importance
of 6 different selection criteria were rated and analyzed. Mean analysis and exploratory factor
analysis is applied to rank the most important determinants of bank selection. The collected data
were analyzed through SPSS version (20). The descriptive and inferential statistical tools such
as mean, percentage, ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze
collected data. The regression model summary shows that the all independent variables explain
68.7% variability on bank selection decision. The findings revealed that; service quality factors,
bank approach factors, convenience factors and bank pricing factors, have a significant and
positive effect on bank selection decision while bank image and reputation and bank personal
factors have insignificant effect on bank selection decision. As customers place more concentrate
on factors like service quality, bank approach, convenience, and bank price, such factors
healthier to be. Considered seriously by banks in their marketing strategies which help them to
attract new as well as retain the existing customer
Individual and contextual-level factors associated with iron-folic acid supplement intake during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a multi-level analysis
No full textBackground: Anemia is still one of the major public health problems in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and contextual-level factors associated with iron-folic acid supplement intake during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Methods: A secondary analysis was done on the 2019 mini-Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. A total of 3,927 pregnant women who gave birth five years before the survey were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA/SE version 14.0 to identify individual and contextual-level factors. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to show the strength and direction of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a P value less than 0.05. Results: Those primary educated [AOR = 1.83, 95% CI: (1.24, 2.74)], secondary educated [AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: (1.57, 4.824)], women who had greater than 5 living children [AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: (1.25, 3.27)], women who had ANC visit [AOR = 21.26, 95% CI: (13.56, 33.32)] and women who lived in a cluster with high proportion of women had ANC visit [AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: (1.17, 2.54)] and women who lived in Somali [AOR = 0.44 0.73, 95% CI: (0.22, 0.87)] were significantly associated with iron-folic acid intake during pregnancy. Conclusions: Both individual and contextual-level factors were significantly associated with iron-folic acid intake during pregnancy. From individual-level factors: education status of women, the total numbers of living children, and ANC follow-up are significant and from contextual-level factors: region and living in a high proportion of women who had ANC follow-up were found to have a statistically significant association. Promoting women’s education and maternal health services like ANC and intervention targeting the Somali region would be the recalled area of the government.Melaku Yalew, Shiferaw Getachew, Keriya Mohammed, Hailu Hankarso, Adane Bayile, Shambel Dessale Asmamaw, Mesfin Getahun Assefa, Getaw Walle Bazie, Wondwosen Mebratu, Bereket Kefale, Yitayish Damtie, Mastewal Arefaynie, Tesfaye Birhane, Reta Dewau, Nigus Cherie, Elsabeth Addisu, Kefale Mitiku, Fentaw Tadese, Teklehaimanot Fentie Wendie, Adane Habtie, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Sisay Eshete Tadesse, Getachew Tadesse Bedane, Yitbarek Wasihun, Tilahun Degu Tsega, Mekuanint Taddele, Zenebe Tefera, Bezawit Adane, Birhanu Wagaye, Fanos Yeshanew Ayele, Aregash Abebayehu Zerga, Abebaw Molla, Biruk Desalegn, Mengesha Birkie, Bekalu Bewket, Belete Kassa Alemu, Segenet Zewdie, Meseret Kefale Tsegaye, Abebayehu Bitew, Kassu Mehari, and Lemma Derse
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Irrigation in Raya Azebo District, South Tigray
No full text<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Ethiopia has started to expand wheat production in the lowlands under irrigation to substitute wheat import, achieve wheat self-sufficiency and create jobs along the wheat value chain. The experiment was laid out in random complete block design with three replications to evaluate 20 bread wheat genotypes. A field experiment was undertaken to analyze the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and its contributing traits under irrigation. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (≤0.01) among the genotypes for all the traits considered, which indicate the presence of adequate variability among the genotypes. The highest estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for total tillers and effective tillers Moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for grain yield, grain filling period and heading. High heritability values were recorded for days to heading and days to maturity, which indicating that the traits were least influenced by environmental factors. Among the traits higher values of genetic advance as percent of means were observed for total tillers, effective tillers and grain yield. Grain yield had positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with number of kernels per spike and spike length, indicating that selection of genotypes based on high mean values for these traits could be used to improve wheat yield rather than selecting based on yield alone. Genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that number of kernels per spike, total tillers and number of spikelets per spike had the highest positive contribution towards grain yield. Over all the results indicates that any genetic improvement on those traits might improve grain yield.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Coefficients of Variance, Correlation, Genetic Advance as Percent of Mean, Heritability, Path Coefficient Analysis.</p><p><strong>Title:</strong> Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Genotypes under Irrigation in Raya Azebo District, South Tigray</p><p><strong>Author:</strong> Assefa Amare</p><p><strong>International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies</strong></p><p><strong>ISSN 2394-9716</strong></p><p><strong>Vol. 10, Issue 6, November 2023 - December 2023</strong></p><p><strong>Page No: 1-6</strong></p><p><strong>Novelty Journals</strong></p><p><strong>Website: www.noveltyjournals.com</strong></p><p><strong>Published Date: 06-November-2023</strong></p><p><strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10074538"><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10074538</strong></a></p><p><strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Genetic%20Variability,%20Correlation-06112023-3.pdf"><strong>https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Genetic%20Variability,%20Correlation-06112023-3.pdf</strong></a></p>
XRD analysis of recovered iron materials from electro-coagulated sludge
No full textIron hydroxide Electro-coagulated sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant has recovered and oxidative transformed iron oxides production with heat treatment was produced. Because hematite and magnetite iron oxides can be produce from iron hydroxide, electro-coagulated sludge as iron hydroxide and oxy-hydroxide rich sludge can be used iron oxides source for different applications. Such as for catalyst, medical and commercial applications. Heat treatment of iron hydroxide with a certain temperature range will have an effect on magnetic nature iron oxides formation. Thus, EC sludge as iron hydroxide was used crystallinity nature as well as phase identification. To this experiment, the author intends to use four critical temperature values as a base to examine the phase change by producing different iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4…). X-ray diffraction study using the XRD machine as well as comparative examination with standard references, the international central diffraction data (ICDD) were investigated. The heat treatment from 300 oC to 800 oC have confirmed us the iron oxide formation and at high temperature, the patterns become more crystal formation
Utilizations of Electro-coagulated Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant data as an Adsorbent for Direct Red 28 Dye removal
No full textElectro-coagulated, EC, sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant can be reuse as an adsorbent for a certain cationic and anionic azo dyes from textile and or leather industry effluents. Because EC sludge expected to have iron oxide and hydroxide during the electrochemical processes of wastewater treatment, it can be used for adsorptions for azo dye removal. Produced EC sludge can have positively charged surface, specially ferric and or ferrous surface charge. Thus, EC sludge as an adsorbent will have adsorption potential to adsorb acidic (anionic) dyes in the principles of electrostatic attraction. To this study, the author intends to use direct red 28 (DR28) dyes as a modal azo dye from the textile and or leather industry. Basic batch adsorption parameters (effect of dye concentration, solution pH, reaction temperature, mixing time and adsorbent dosage), as well as adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics study on to raw and calcined EC sludge were investigated. DR28 dye on to calcined EC adsorbent has recorded as highly removal efficiency at pH of 2, initial dye concentration of 20mg/L, time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage 1g/100mL and temperature of 25±2℃, ambient temperature
Prevalence of dual contraceptive use and associated factors among HIV positive women at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Objective Dual contraceptive is the use of male condom besides any modern contraceptive. It reduces parent to child transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections between partners. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of dual contraceptive use among HIV positive women at University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Result The prevalence of dual contraceptive use was found to be 13.2% (95% CI 10.5, 16.0). Partner involvement in post-test counseling [AOR = 3.11 (95% CI = 1.74, 5.57)], open partner discussion on using dual contraceptive [AOR = 7.84, 95% CI (4.26, 14.42)], provision of counseling about dual contraception [AOR = 6.56, 95% CI (3.54, 12.18)], age 18–24 years [AOR = 4.79, 95% CI (1.72, 13.32)], age 25–34 years [AOR = 1.97, 95% CI (1.01, 3.85)] and being a housewife [AOR = 4.38, 95% CI (1.89, 10.16)] were significant factors associated with dual contraceptive use. The prevalence of dual contraceptive use was low. This shows, there is a need to in promote partner involvement in HIV testing and counseling by offering counseling session in a couple-basis. It is also necessary for programmers to routinely focus on provision of dual contraception for HIV-infected women and Integration of family planning into HIV care follow-up clinic need to be strengthened
Examining Heat Treatment Effects on Transformation of Iron Oxides and Crystallinity phase identification Dataset from Recovered Iron Hydroxide Electro-coagulated Sludge
No full textIron hydroxide Electro-coagulated sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant have recovered and oxidative transformed iron oxides production with heat treatment were produced. Because hematite and magnetite iron oxides can be produce from iron hydroxide, electro-coagulated sludge as iron hydroxide rich sludge can be used iron oxides source for different application. Such as for catalyst, medical and commercial applications. Heat treatment of iron hydroxide with a certain temperature range will have an effect for magnetic nature iron oxides formation. Thus, EC sludge as iron hydroxide were used crystalliniry nature as well as phase identification. To this experiment, the author intends to use four critical temperature values as a base to examine the phase change by producing different iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4…). X-ray diffraction study using XRD machine as well as comparative examination with standard references, the international central diffraction data (ICDD) were investigated. The heat treatment from 300 oC to 800 oC have confirm us the iron oxide formation and at high temperature the patterns become more crystal formation
Clinging to the managerial approach in implementing teacher education lsquo%253Breform tasks in ethiopia
No full textIn this paper, the author argues that the pre-service secondary teacher education lsquo%253Bparadigm shift or lsquo%253Bsystem overhaul that has been implemented during the 2003- 2005 time period in Ethiopia reflects the pursuit of pathways which the author refers to as a managerial approach. Grounded mainly on personal narratives of a key self- narrator and views of other faculty reform performers, the author brings to surface the ideology upheld by central reform planners and administrators. The author identifies four reform tasks to demonstrate the consistency in the paths pursued to effect policies of central priorities. These reform tasks which mainly concern changes in curriculum and instruction were planned and have been effected in managerial spaces and tools. The author further argues that, in effect, if not in intent, the managerial approach has had a sidelining effect because the larger practitioners, professional associations, communities, student teachers, and private popular media have been given little or no opportunities for participation. According to the author, the approach has also reduced pedagogical concerns and values to an adjunct or secondary position
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