1,720,992 research outputs found
Estimated mortality over the first year on antiretroviral therapy as a function of baseline CD4 count and assumptions about mortality among those lost to follow-up using beta distributions to impute CD4 counts that were a) uniformed by sample size and b) informed by sample size.
No full text<p>Estimated mortality over the first year on antiretroviral therapy as a function of baseline CD4 count and assumptions about mortality among those lost to follow-up using beta distributions to impute CD4 counts that were a) uniformed by sample size and b) informed by sample size.</p
Annual per patient cost of ART provision in four different settings in South Africa.
No full text<p>Based on <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001247#pmed.1001247-Rosen1" target="_blank">[78]</a>. *, difference from public hospital significant at <i>p</i><0.05. GPs, general practitioners; PHC, primary health care clinic; USD, US dollars.</p
Annual per patient cost of ART provision per type of outcome in four different settings in South Africa.
No full text<p>Based on <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001247#pmed.1001247-Rosen1" target="_blank">[78]</a>. GPs, general practitioners; PHC, primary health care clinic; USD, US dollars.</p
Impact of scale elasticity on future cost of a universal test-and-treat strategy in South Africa.
No full text<p>UTT, universal testing and treatment.</p
Overview of the methods and results of previously published modelled economic analyses of antiretroviral treatment.
No full texta<p>One publication (<a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001247#pmed.1001247-Risebrough1" target="_blank">[28]</a>; in abstract format) has no information on whether sensitivity analysis was conducted.</p>b<p>For zidovudine monotherapy.</p>c<p>For dual therapy.</p>d<p>For highly active ART.</p>e<p>One study <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001247#pmed.1001247-Kumaranayake1" target="_blank">[50]</a> does not supply enough information on ART input cost to know whether it is constant.</p>f<p>Analysis from 2011, based on country-level cost data.</p>g<p>Analysis from 1997, based on high-income country cost data extrapolated worldwide.</p><p>CHAI, Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative; GNP, gross national product; QALY, quality-adjusted life year.</p
Schematic summary of determinants of the cost of ART provision.
No full text<p>Schematic summary of determinants of the cost of ART provision.</p
Size-rank distribution of ART facilities in 2010 and projected to future years in order to implement a universal test-and-treat strategy in South Africa.
No full text<p>Size-rank distribution of ART facilities in 2010 and projected to future years in order to implement a universal test-and-treat strategy in South Africa.</p
Characteristics of 20 studies included in the meta-analysis of the relationship between baseline CD4 count and first year mortality on antiretroviral therapy.
No full text#<p>Full citations given in Appendix S2 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069300#pone.0069300.s001" target="_blank">File S1</a>.</p>*<p>Denotes mean not median.</p
HIV treatment as prevention: modelling the cost of antiretroviral treatment--state of the art and future directions.
No full textPolicy discussions about the feasibility of massively scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce HIV transmission and incidence hinge on accurately projecting the cost of such scale-up in comparison to the benefits from reduced HIV incidence and mortality. We review the available literature on modelled estimates of the cost of providing ART to different populations around the world, and suggest alternative methods of characterising cost when modelling several decades into the future. In past economic analyses of ART provision, costs were often assumed to vary by disease stage and treatment regimen, but for treatment as prevention, in particular, most analyses assume a uniform cost per patient. This approach disregards variables that can affect unit cost, such as differences in factor prices (i.e., the prices of supplies and services) and the scale and scope of operations (i.e., the sizes and types of facilities providing ART). We discuss several of these variables, and then present a worked example of a flexible cost function used to determine the effect of scale on the cost of a proposed scale-up of treatment as prevention in South Africa. Adjusting previously estimated costs of universal testing and treatment in South Africa for diseconomies of small scale, i.e., more patients being treated in smaller facilities, adds 42% to the expected future cost of the intervention
- …
