11 research outputs found
Study on Allelopathic Potential and Allelopathic Substances of Two?Garcinia?Species and?Schumannianthus dichotomus?from Bangladesh
Get PDFEhime University (愛媛大学)博士(農学)thesi
Study on Allelopathic Potential and Allelopathic Substances of Two?Garcinia?Species and?Schumannianthus dichotomus?from Bangladesh
No full textAcetate alleviates As toxicity via improving ROS metabolism and antioxidant defense system in lentil seedlings
No full textArsenic (As) is a toxic element which entries the food chain from the soil through plants and poses a great threat to human health. Also, an excess of As causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in plants. In the present study, the mechanism of As tolerance in acetate-treated lentil seedlings was investigated. Six-day-old seedlings pretreated with or without 10 mM Na-acetate were exposed to two levels of sodium arsenate (250 and 320 µM) for four days. The results showed that both levels of As caused severe chlorosis, growth reduction, and water imbalance. Furthermore, As-induced oxidative damage in the plants was manifested by higher malondialdehyde and, hydrogen peroxide content, electrolyte leakage, and disruption of the antioxidant defense pathway. However, acetate pretreatment improved growth and chlorophyll content, and reduced oxidative damage by upregulating some components (catalase and ascorbate) of the antioxidant defense pathway in the seedlings. Under As stress, accumulation of As was found in both roots and shoot of lentil. However, acetate pretreatment reduced As accumulation in the roots and inhibited the transfer of As to the shoots in the seedlings. Taken together, the results suggest that acetate can enhance tolerance against As toxicity in lentil seedlings by reducing As accumulation and increasing ROS detoxification through the antioxidant defense pathway
Garcienone, a Novel Compound Involved in Allelopathic Activity of Garcinia Xanthochymus Hook
No full textPlants are sources of diversified allelopathic substances that can be investigated for use in eco-friendly and efficient herbicides. An aqueous methanol extract from the leaves of Garcinia xanthochymus exhibited strong inhibitory activity against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and appears to be a promising source of allelopathic substances. Hence, bio-activity guided purification of the extract through a series of column chromatography steps yielded a novel compound assigned as garcienone ((R, E)-5-hydroxy-5-((6S, 9S)-6-methyl-9-(prop-13-en-10-yl) tetrahydrofuran-6-yl) pent-3-en-2-one). Garcienone significantly inhibited the growth of cress at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentrations resulting in 50% growth inhibition (I50) of cress roots and shoots were 120.5 and 156.3 μM, respectively. This report is the first to isolate and identify garcienone and to determine its allelopathic potential
Phytotoxic Activity and Identification of Phytotoxic Substances from Schumannianthus dichotomus
No full textThe phytotoxic potential of plants and their constituents against other plants is being increasingly investigated as a possible alternative to synthetic herbicides to control weeds in crop fields. In this study, we explored the phytotoxicity and phytotoxic substances of Schumannianthus dichotomus, a perennial wetland shrub native to Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. Leaf extracts of S. dichotomus exerted strong phytotoxicity against two dicot species, alfalfa and cress, and two monocot species, barnyard grass and Italian ryegrass. A bioassay-driven purification process yielded two phenolic derivatives, syringic acid and methyl syringate. Both constituents significantly inhibited the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the shoot and root growth of cress were 75.8 and 61.3 μM, respectively, for syringic acid, compared with 43.2 and 31.5 μM, respectively, for methyl syringate. Similarly, to suppress the shoot and root growth of Italian rye grass, a greater amount of syringic acid (I50 = 213.7 and 175.9 μM) was needed than methyl syringate (I50 = 140.4 to 130.8 μM). Methyl syringate showed higher phytotoxic potential than syringic acid, and cress showed higher sensitivity to both substances. This study is the first to report on the phytotoxic potential of S. dichotomus and to identify phytotoxic substances from this plant material
Phytotoxicity and Phytotoxic Substances in Calamus tenuis Roxb.
No full textCalamus tenuis is a shrub species distributed across South Asia. It grows well in diversified habitats and tends to dominate plants in the surrounding environment. The phytotoxicity of C. tenuis and the action of its phytochemicals against other plant species could explain its dominant behavior. Compounds with phytotoxic activity are in high demand as prospective sources of ecofriendly bioherbicides. Therefore, we investigated the phytotoxicity of C. tenuis. Aqueous methanol extracts of this plant species significantly limited the growth of four test plant species, two monocots (barnyard grass and timothy), and two dicots (alfalfa and cress), in a dose- and species-dependent manner. Bio-directed chromatographic isolation of the C. tenuis extracts yielded two major active substances: a novel compound, calamulactone {(S)-methyl 8-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl) octanoate}, and 3-oxo-α-ionone. Both of the identified compounds exerted strong growth inhibitory effects on cress and timothy seedlings. The concentrations of 3-oxo-α-ionone and calamulactone required to limit the growth of the cress seedlings by 50% (I50) were 281.6–199.5 and 141.1–105.5 µM, respectively, indicating that the effect of calamulactone was stronger with lower I50 values. Similarly, the seedlings of timothy also showed a considerably higher sensitivity to calamulactone (I50: 40.5–84.4 µM) than to 3-oxo-α-ionone (I50: 107.8–144.7 µM). The findings indicated that the leaves of C. tenuis have marked growth-inhibitory potential, and could affect surrounding plants to exert dominance over the surrounding plant community. Moreover, the two identified phytotoxic substances might play a key role in the phytotoxicity of C. tenuis, and could be a template for bioherbicide development. This paper was the first to report calamulactone and its phytotoxicity
Application and evaluation of plant-based edible active coatings to enhance the shelf-life and quality attributes of Jara lebu (Citrus medica)
No full textAbstract Edible coatings for fruits and vegetables are the subject of intensive agro-based research. These coatings provide value to the product due to their multifunctionality and sustainability. The current study focuses on the development and evaluation of plant-based edible active coatings for Jara lebu (Citrus medica), with the aim of determining the effectiveness of these coatings in extending the shelf-life and preserving the quality attributes. Different blends of corn starch and various plant extracts were formulated and all formulations were applied by immersion onto the fruit surface. The study had five treatment groups: T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4. T0 served as the control group, while T1 consisted of a mixture of 2% corn starch and 0.5% glycerol. T2 included a combination of 2% corn starch, 0.5% glycerol, and 1.5% holy basil. T3 comprises 2% corn starch, 0.5% glycerol, and 1.5% wild turmeric. Lastly, T4 consisted of 2% corn starch, 0.5% glycerol, and 1.5% Indian pennywort. Control and coated samples were kept under the same conditions for 35 days before being evaluated for changes in their physiological, physicochemical, and sensory qualities. Coated sample T2 significantly prolonged the shelf-life of Jara lebu samples, having the least weight reduction (26.25%) and retaining most of the essential nutrients (TSS = 7.09%, pH = 3.0, vitamin C = 22.03 mg/100 g, TPC = 44.57 mg GAE/g DW, TFC = 45.24 mg QE/g DW, antioxidant = 86.09%). This sample received the highest overall acceptability score, a maximum of 8.24. Sensory evaluations revealed no adverse effects on taste, aroma or appearance, suggesting these coatings can be an eco-friendly and efficient method for preserving the freshness and quality of Jara lebu and potentially other citrus fruits
Copper stress in rice: Perception, signaling, bioremediation and future prospects
No full textCopper (Cu) is an indispensable micronutrient for plants, animals, and microorganisms and plays a vital role in different physiological processes. However, excessive Cu accumulation in agricultural soil, often through anthropogenic action, poses a potential risk to plant health and crop productivity. This review article provided a comprehensive overview of the available information regarding Cu dynamics in agricultural soils, major sources of Cu contamination, factors influencing its mobility and bioavailability, and mechanisms of Cu uptake and translocation in rice plants. This review examined the impact of Cu toxicity on the germination, growth, and photosynthesis of rice plants. It also highlighted molecular mechanisms underlying Cu stress signaling and the plant defense strategy, involving chelation, compartmentalization, and antioxidant responses. This review also identified significant areas that need further research, such as Cu uptake mechanism in rice, Cu signaling process, and the assessment of Cu-polluted paddy soil and rice toxicity under diverse environmental conditions. The development of rice varieties with reduced Cu accumulation through comprehensive breeding programs is also necessary. Regulatory measures, fungicide management, plant selection, soil and environmental investigation are recommended to prevent Cu buildup in agricultural lands to achieve sustainable agricultural goals
Identification and Application of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Garcinia xanthochymus</i> Hook. for Weed Management
No full textThe allelopathic potential of plant species and their related compounds has been increasingly reported to be biological tools for weed control. The allelopathic potential of Garcinia xanthochymus was assessed against several test plant species: lettuce, rapeseed, Italian ryegrass, and timothy. The extracts of G. xanthochymus leaves significantly inhibited all the test plants in a concentration- and species-specific manner. Therefore, to identify the specific compounds involved in the allelopathic activity of the G. xanthochymus extracts, assay-guided purification was carried out and two allelopathic compounds were isolated and identified as methyl phloretate {3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid methyl ester} and vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid). Both of the substances significantly arrested the cress and timothy seedlings growth. I50 values (concentrations required for 50% inhibition) for shoots and roots growth of the cress and timothy were 113.6–104.6 and 53.3–40.5 μM, respectively, for methyl phloretate, and 331.6–314.7 and 118.8–107.4 μM, respectively, for vanillic acid, which implied that methyl phloretate was close to 3- and 2-fold more effective than vanillic acid against cress and timothy, respectively. This report is the first on the presence of methyl phloretate in a plant and its phytotoxic property. These observations suggest that methyl phloretate and vanillic acid might participate in the phytotoxicity of G. xanthochymus extract
Effects of Postharvest SO2 Treatment on Longan Aril Flavor and Glucosinolate Metabolites
No full textSO2 fumigation treatment (commonly known as sulfur treatment, ST) is a key method in the postharvest preservation of imported and exported fresh longan fruits, effectively reducing pericarp browning and enhancing color. Nonetheless, distinctive aromas, often referred to as “sulfur flavor”, may develop in the aril during the extended preservation period. This study employed “Caopu” longan as the test material and patented SO2-releasing paper (ZL201610227848.7) as a treatment to perform a 35-day low-temperature (5 °C) storage of the fruit. The changes in glucosinolates (GSLs) and associated metabolites in the aril of treated fruit (ST) were examined utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detection and widely targeted metabolomics technology. The findings indicated that following 35 days of storage, nearly all control (CK) fruit pericarp turned to brown, resulting in an edible fruit rate of 75.41% and a commercial fruit rate of 0%. In contrast, the treated (ST) fruit demonstrated an edible fruit rate and a commercial rate of 99.44%, while the pericarp color changed from dark yellow-brown to light earthy yellow. The sulfur-containing metabolites identified in longan fruit aril predominantly consist of amino acids and their derivatives (60.44%), followed by alkaloids (15.38%), nucleotides and their derivatives (1.10%), and other types (23.08%), which include GSLs. SO2 treatment significantly reduced the content of oxidized glutathione in fruit aril but increased the content of GSLs and related amino acids and their derivatives. Via screening, 19 differential sulfur-containing metabolites were obtained between ST and CK, including 11 GSLs. The identified differential metabolites of GSLs were all increased, primarily comprising aliphatic GSLs, such as 1-hydroxymethyl glucosinolate, 2-Propenyl glucosinolate (Sinigrin), and 4-Methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (Glucoraphanin). Pathway analysis showed that these differential metabolites were mainly involved in coenzyme factor synthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and amino acid synthesis, among other pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the causes of the special flavor of longan aril after SO2 treatment, which is a great concern for longan consumers. Moreover, this study provides a scientific basis for exploring the reasons and mechanisms for the development of the sulfur flavor in the SO2-treated fruits during postharvest storage
