717 research outputs found
Repositioning the graphic designer as researcher
Full text linkIn academic terms, the discipline of graphic design is relatively young. Consequently the position of the discipline within academic territory, and the role of the designer, continue to be debated. In part, these debates have been a product of attempts to define and defend the discipline’s borders from within, in order to establish a sense of the role of graphic design and the graphic designer as commensurate with other disciplines both within and beyond art and design. In recent years graphic designers have variously been defined as ‘authors’, ‘producers’ and ‘readers’, yet none of these definitions seem to have provided any kind of productive or lasting impact within the academy. This paper suggests that rather than continue to seek territorial definitions and positions from within, it could be more productive to look beyond the confines of the discipline. Gaining a broader, interdisciplinary perspective on, and understanding of, qualitative research methods from other disciplines may enable the graphic designer to more fully position his or her practice within the wider academy. Such a perspective could help facilitate the repositioning and redefinition of the graphic designer as ‘researcher’ - a move that would be productive in relation to the future development of postgraduate research within the discipline
Do UK based weight management programmes cause weight loss maintenance in adults? A systematic review
Full text linkThe aim of this dissertation was to examine whether UK based weight management programmes promote weight loss maintenance (follow up of 12 months to assess effectiveness of intervention in weight loss) in adults through the process of a systematic review. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has described obesity as a "global epidemic". Weight management comprises two phases; weight loss and weight loss maintenance. The latter phase is the true goal for obesity and the most difficult element of weight management to achieve. However much less is know about this as compared with the weight loss phase. There is little purpose in committing time and money to reducing obesity if the weight is regained. This is counter-productive and weight loss maintenance is essential to combat the obesity epidemic. Searches were made for relevant information from a variety of scientific online databases and journals,. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in the review. All studies incorporated a multi-component (diet, exercise, behaviur modification) intervention approach. All control and internvetion groups reported weight loss at 12 months when compared with baseline. All groups recieved an intervention. One study reported a significant difference (P<0.05) between groups. Four studies reported on at least one component (diet, physical activity, behaviour modification) however there was not enough information to conclude whether they complied with national guidelines (NICE CG43 and SIGN 115). High attrition rates and loss to follow up are problematic for each study except one. Analysis on an intention to treat basis was common however this is problematic and there are alternative methods which may be more suitable for dealing with missing data
JCB910552 Supplemental Material - Supplemental material for UK consensus on pre-clinical vascular cognitive impairment functional outcomes assessment: questionnaire and workshop proceedings
No full textSupplemental material, JCB910552 Supplemental Material for UK consensus on pre-clinical vascular cognitive impairment functional outcomes assessment: questionnaire and workshop proceedings by Aisling McFall, Tuuli M Hietamies, Ashton Bernard, Margaux Aimable, Stuart M Allan, Philip M Bath, Gaia Brezzo, Roxana O Carare, Hilary V Carswell, Andrew N Clarkson, Gillian Currie, Tracy D Farr, Jill H Fowler, Mark Good, Atticus H Hainsworth, Catherine Hall, Karen Horsburgh, Rajesh Kalaria, Patrick Kehoe, Catherine Lawrence, Malcolm Macleod, Barry W McColl, Alison McNeilly, Alyson A Miller, Scott Miners, Vincent Mok, Michael O’Sullivan, Bettina Platt, Emily S Sena, Matthew Sharp, Patrick Strangeward, Stefan Szymkowiak, Rhian M Touyz, Rebecca C Trueman, Claire White, Chris McCabe, Lorraine M Work and Terence J Quinn in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</p
A dyke with dry eyes. Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home as crypto-bio-graphy
No full textThis paper is a close-reading of Alison Bechdel’s comics Fun Home, subtitled A Family Tragicomic, as a complicated game with the biography of a lesbian cartoonist faking an intimate testimony of her own coming-out and her father’s supposed suicide. This article analyses a dialectic relation of revealing and concealing within the book, tracking both textual and iconic strategies, accompanying Bechdel’s comments and comic spin-offs as well. The main thesis is that the analysed strategy applied to the convention of queer narratives by the author is a deliberate attempt at challenging the hierarchical relations of word and image, male and female, and high and low
A latent semantic analysis of gender stereotype-consistency and narrowness in American English
No full textHigh Intensity Interval Training As A Novel Treatment For Impaired Awareness Of Hypoglycaemia In People With Type 1 Diabetes (Hit4hypos):a randomised parallel-group study
Full text linkAims/hypothesis: Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) in type 1 diabetes may develop through a process referred to as habituation. Consistent with this, a single bout of high intensity interval exercise as a novel stress stimulus improves counterregulatory responses (CRR) to next-day hypoglycaemia, referred to as dishabituation. This longitudinal pilot study investigated whether 4 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) has sustained effects on counterregulatory and symptom responses to hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes and IAH.Methods: HIT4HYPOS was a single-centre, randomised, parallel-group study. Participants were identified using the Scottish Diabetes Research Network (SDRN) and from diabetes outpatient clinics in NHS Tayside, UK. The study took place at the Clinical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK. Participants were aged 18–55 years with type 1 diabetes of at least 5 years’ duration and HbA 1c levels <75 mmol/mol (<9%). They had IAH confirmed by a Gold score ≥4, modified Clarke score ≥4 or Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating [DAFNE] hypoglycaemia awareness rating of 2 or 3, and/or evidence of recurrent hypoglycaemia on flash glucose monitoring. Participants were randomly allocated using a web-based system to either 4 weeks of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) or RT-CGM+HIIT. Participants and investigators were not masked to group assignment. The HIIT programme was performed for 20 min on a stationary exercise bike three times a week. Hyperinsulinaemic–hypoglycaemic (2.5 mmol/l) clamp studies with assessment of symptoms, hormones and cognitive function were performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of the study intervention. The predefined primary outcome was the difference in hypoglycaemia-induced adrenaline (epinephrine) responses from baseline following RT-CGM or RT-CGM+HIIT.Results: Eighteen participants (nine men and nine women) with type 1 diabetes (median [IQR] duration 27 [18.75–32] years) and IAH were included, with nine participants randomised to each group. Data from all study participants were included in the analysis. During the 4 week intervention there were no significant mean (SEM) differences between RT-CGM and RT-CGM+HIIT in exposure to level 1 (28 [7] vs 22 [4] episodes, p=0.45) or level 2 (9 [3] vs 4 [1] episodes, p=0.29) hypoglycaemia. The CGM-derived mean glucose level, SD of glucose and glucose management indicator (GMI) did not differ between groups. During the hyperinsulinaemic–hypoglycaemic clamp studies, mean (SEM) change from baseline was greater for the noradrenergic responses (RT-CGM vs RT-CGM+HIIT: −988 [447] vs 514 [732] pmol/l, p=0.02) but not the adrenergic responses (–298 [687] vs 1130 [747] pmol/l, p=0.11) in those participants who had undergone RT-CGM+HIIT. There was a benefit of RT-CGM+HIIT for mean (SEM) change from baseline in the glucagon CRR to hypoglycaemia (RT-CGM vs RT-CGM+HIIT: 1 [4] vs 16 [6] ng/l, p=0.01). Consistent with the hormone response, the mean (SEM) symptomatic response to hypoglycaemia (adjusted for baseline) was greater following RT-CGM+HIIT (RT-CGM vs RT-CGM+HIIT: −4 [2] vs 0 [2], p<0.05).Conclusions/interpretation: In this pilot clinical trial in people with type 1 diabetes and IAH, we found continuing benefits of HIIT for overall hormonal and symptomatic CRR to subsequent hypoglycaemia. Our findings also suggest that HIIT may improve the glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.Trial registration: ISRCTN15373978. Funding: Sir George Alberti Fellowship from Diabetes UK (CMF) and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].</p
Brutalist Trauma, Picturesque Repair
No full textA discussion of the interrelations between post-war Brutalism and Picturesque revival in the work of Alison and Peter Smithson, in response to the conference question of urban design urgencies of today, most notably the question of city repair.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Space & Typ
Reduction in BACE1 decreases body weight, protects against diet-induced obesity and enhances insulin sensitivity in mice
Full text linkInsulin resistance and impaired glucose homoeostasis are important indicators of Type 2 diabetes and are early risk factors of AD (Alzheimer's disease). An essential feature of AD pathology is the presence of BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1), which regulates production of toxic amyloid peptides. However, whether BACE1 also plays a role in glucose homoeostasis is presently unknown. We have used transgenic mice to analyse the effects of loss of BACE1 on body weight, and lipid and glucose homoeostasis. BACE1-/- mice are lean, with decreased adiposity, higher energy expenditure, and improved glucose disposal and peripheral insulin sensitivity than wild-type littermates. BACE1-/- mice are also protected from diet-induced obesity. BACE1-deficient skeletal muscle and liver exhibit improved insulin sensitivity. In a skeletal muscle cell line, BACE1 inhibition increased glucose uptake and enhanced insulin sensitivity. The loss of BACE1 is associated with increased levels of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) in BAT (brown adipose tissue) and UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA in skeletal muscle, indicative of increased uncoupled respiration and metabolic inefficiency. Thus BACE1 levels may play a critical role in glucose and lipid homoeostasis in conditions of chronic nutrient excess. Therefore strategies that ameliorate BACE1 activity may be important novel approaches for the treatment of diabetes
Penser la frontière entre essai et autobiographie à partir de la bande dessinée. Are You My Mother? d\u27Alison Bechdel
No full textBased on Alison Bechdel\u27s autobiographical essay Are You My Mother?, this article is a discussion on two boundaries of the essay : a generic boundary between essay and autobiography, questioned by the possibility of autobiographical essay, and an intermedial boundary challenged by the development of graphic essays in comics. Are You My Mother? is a self-reflexive autobiographical work which describes the author\u27s discovery of psychoanalysis and deals at the same time with mother-child relationships and the continuity between novel writing, autobiography and psychoanalysis, thus articulating autobiographical material and general thoughts. The book can be described in particular as a consistent dialogue with Donald Winnicott\u27s work, which we can see through the profusion of panels entirely devoted to quotes or the association of each chapter title to one of his articles. The boundary between essay and autobiography is embodied in the specificities of the medium, in particular its sequential mode, usually associated with narrative, and text / image relations. Alison Bechdel frequently breaks narrative sequentiality and uses parallel progressions of recitatives and iconic sequences to confront her experience and theoretical concepts, disrupting in the process any simple correspondence by multiplying narratives and fictional or real characters.Based on Alison Bechdel\u27s autobiographical essay Are You My Mother?, this article is a discussion on two boundaries of the essay : a generic boundary between essay and autobiography, questioned by the possibility of autobiographical essay, and an intermedial boundary challenged by the development of graphic essays in comics. Are You My Mother? is a self-reflexive autobiographical work which describes the author\u27s discovery of psychoanalysis and deals at the same time with mother-child relationships and the continuity between novel writing, autobiography and psychoanalysis, thus articulating autobiographical material and general thoughts. The book can be described in particular as a consistent dialogue with Donald Winnicott\u27s work, which we can see through the profusion of panels entirely devoted to quotes or the association of each chapter title to one of his articles. The boundary between essay and autobiography is embodied in the specificities of the medium, in particular its sequential mode, usually associated with narrative, and text / image relations. Alison Bechdel frequently breaks narrative sequentiality and uses parallel progressions of recitatives and iconic sequences to confront her experience and theoretical concepts, disrupting in the process any simple correspondence by multiplying narratives and fictional or real characters.Based on Alison Bechdel\u27s autobiographical essay Are You My Mother?, this article is a discussion on two boundaries of the essay : a generic boundary between essay and autobiography, questioned by the possibility of autobiographical essay, and an intermedial boundary challenged by the development of graphic essays in comics. Are You My Mother? is a self-reflexive autobiographical work which describes the author\u27s discovery of psychoanalysis and deals at the same time with mother-child relationships and the continuity between novel writing, autobiography and psychoanalysis, thus articulating autobiographical material and general thoughts. The book can be described in particular as a consistent dialogue with Donald Winnicott\u27s work, which we can see through the profusion of panels entirely devoted to quotes or the association of each chapter title to one of his articles. The boundary between essay and autobiography is embodied in the specificities of the medium, in particular its sequential mode, usually associated with narrative, and text / image relations. Alison Bechdel frequently breaks narrative sequentiality and uses parallel progressions of recitatives and iconic sequences to confront her experience and theoretical concepts, disrupting in the process any simple correspondence by multiplying narratives and fictional or real characters.Dans cet article, Are You My Mother? d\u27Alison Bechdel nous permet d\u27interroger deux frontières de l\u27essai : d\u27une part la frontière générique entre essai et autobiographie questionnée par la possibilité d\u27un « essai autobiographique », d\u27autre part une frontière médiatique remise en cause par l\u27émergence de l\u27essai de bande dessinée. Are You My Mother? est une œuvre autobiographique fortement réflexive qui suit la découverte par l\u27autrice des travaux de la psychanalyse et se penche à la fois les relations mère-enfant et les continuités entre écriture romanesque, autobiographie et psychanalyse, articulant ainsi matériau autobiographique et réflexion générale. L’œuvre prend en particulier la forme d\u27un dialogue constant avec les travaux de Donald Winnicott, dialogue très visible formellement à travers l\u27abondance de cases uniquement dédiées aux citations ou bien l\u27association du titre de chaque chapitre à un article du psychanalyste. La frontière entre essai et autobiographie s\u27incarne dans les spécificités du médium de la bande dessinée, en particulier son fonctionnement séquentiel, traditionnellement associé au récit, et la relation entre texte et images. Alison Bechdel s\u27appuie ainsi sur de nombreuses ruptures de la séquentialité narrative et sur des progressions parallèles entre récitatifs et séquence d\u27images pour confronter expérience et concepts théoriques, en déstabilisant en même temps toute correspondance univoque par la multiplication des récits et des personnages réels ou fictionnels
The resurgence of breastfeeding, 1975–2000
No full textAs breast-milk substitutes became increasingly sophisticated and heavily marketed in the mid-twentieth century, bottle-feeding became regarded worldwide as safe, convenient, normal and even preferable to breastfeeding. From 1975, research conducted in the developing world, particularly Gambia, began to converge with work on immunology and child psychology to reassert the value of mothers’ own milk. At the same time, growing understanding of physiology, reproductive and developmental biology shifted interest from the composition of infant formulae to the biology of infant feeding. Insights from comparative zoology, dairy science and animal husbandry, shared with research in human lactation and ‘naturalization’ of childbirth all helped to de-medicalize infant feeding. Chaired by Professor Lawrence Weaver, this Witness Seminar was attended by representatives from women’s groups, pressure groups and international organizations, including Baby Milk Action, IBFAN, La Leche League, the National Childbirth Trust, WHO and UNICEF, as well as paediatricians, obstetricians, physiologists, nutritional scientists, zoologists, psychologists and members of industry. The discussion addressed the critical events, scientific advances, and social and political steps that drove the resurgence of breastfeeding, focusing not only on the nutritional science but also on the social context in which the changes took place. Participants included: Mr James Akre, Professor Elizabeth Alder, Mrs Phyll Buchanan, Professor Forrester Cockburn, Ms Rosie Dodds, Mrs Jill Dye, Professor Fiona Dykes, Ms Hilary English, Miss Chloe Fisher, Professor Anna Glasier, Professor Lars Hanson, Dr Elisabet Helsing, Dr Edmund Hey, Professor Peter Howie, Professor Alan McNeilly, Professor Kim Michaelsen, Mrs Rachel O’Leary, Ms Gabrielle Palmer, Professor Malcolm Peaker, Dr Ann Prentice,Professor Mary Renfrew, Mrs Patti Rundall, Ms Ellena Salariya, Dr Felicity Savage, Professor Roger Short, Dr Mary Smale, Dr Alison Spiro, Dr Penny Stanway, Dr Tilli Tansey, Mrs Jenny Warren, Mr John Wells, Professor Brian Wharton, Professor Roger Whitehead, Dr Anthony Williams, Miss Carol Williams and Dr Michael Woolridge
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