1,721,033 research outputs found
Return International Migration and Geographical Inequality: The Case of Egypt
Full text linkThis paper explores entrepreneurship amongst return migrants, how their business locations and characteristics differ from other businesses, and the implications for rural–urban inequality. First, we examine, amongst returnees, the determinants of investment in a project/enterprise. Secondly, we study the impact of return migration on the characteristics and nature of non-farm small enterprises using a sample of return migrants and non-migrant owners of enterprises. Our data indicate that although the share of return migrants originating in urban areas is almost equal to those from rural areas, and that migrants tend to return to their origin region, urban areas benefit more than rural areas from international savings. The empirical evidence suggests that overseas savings, and the duration of stay overseas, have positive separate effects on the probability of investing in a project/enterprise amongst returnees. Furthermore, returnees of urban origin are more likely than rural ones to invest in a non-farm enterprise. The findings also indicate that there is a regional bias in the location of firms and jobs created by returnees compared with non-migrants, in favour of the capital city. Thus, overall, the results support a positive impact of return migration on enterprise investment in urban areas driven by the preference of returnees to invest in urban areas. <br/
A theory of signalling during job turnover, employment efficiency and stigmatised jobs
No full textThis paper discusses why redundant skilled workers may be reluctant to accept interim unskilled jobs. If skilled work is more satisfying or less arduous for highly productive workers, then such workers invest more in moving quickly between skilled jobs. Thus, high productivity workers tend to search on-the-job, and if unemployed will specialise in job search, rather than take an interim position. If individual differences in productivity are known to the worker but not the potential employer, then search strategy may be used as a productivity signal, with more than the efficient proportion of workers searching on-the-job and too few accepting interim unskilled jobs. Optimal policy requires a subsidy on interim unskilled jobs
The assessment of communication handicaps in the hearing-impaired using comparative measures of lipreading, auditory, and audio-visual speech discrimination
No full textThis study reviews the literature on communication handicap assessment and then describes the development of a new test consisting of a series of everyday sentences from which measurements have been made of hearing aid users' speech discrimination skills under three presentation mode, namely, Visual(Lipreading), Auditory in noise, and Audio-Visual in noise. The test, known as the VAAV test, Was been evaluated in an aural rehabilitation setting on hearing aid users both at the time of and then one year following the provision of hearing aids. Young normally-hearing subjects and experienced lipreadars have also been tested. Studies into factors relating to the presentation of the test have shown that the scores for live and video-recorded presentations of the VMV lipreading material did not differ significantly and neither did the scores for monochrome and colour video presentations. Studies into the application of the test in a rehabilitation programme setting have revealed significant improvements in the lipreading scores for two groups of subjects when tested before and 10 months after receiving short periods' of rehabilitation advice. A control group which lacked the advice did not show improvements. Measures of aided auditory and audiovisual speech discrimination in noise obtained from the VAAV test have been shown to relate significantly to other measures of hearing handicap, namely, averaged pure tone thresholds and self reports of handicap as measured by the Hearing Measurement Scale.</p
Regional unemployment and labour mobility in the UK
No full textThis paper surveys analysis of the relationship between regional unemployment and labour mobility in the UK. A notable feature is the recent rise in the volatility of unemployment in the high wage region of the South East. This is explained by the relative growth of personal sector mortgage indebtedness in that region and greater consumption demand sensitivity to interest rate shocks. Regional unemployment rate differences are largely determined in the manual labour market and show only slight evidence of cyclically corrected convergence. This is underpinned by relatively low migration amongst manual workers, and little sensitivity of out-migration to regional labour market slack. Two regions have experienced persistent employment growth and attracted significant immigration of non-manual labour to low unemployment and increasing relative wage labour markets
Why do the young and educated in LDCs concentrate in large cities? Evidence from migration data
No full textDo the young and educated in LDCs have a greater preference to locate in big cities? If so, this may help to explain how cities spatially concentrate the educated and young, and why the rising share of these workers in many LDCs may contribute to city growth. This paper explores migration flows into and out of Egypt's three largest cities. We study whether the higher shares of such workers in cities arise because these workers perceive relatively greater benefits from living in cities, given relative urban/rural wage rates, or because the relative demand for these workers rises with city size
Overseas employment and remittances to a dual economy
No full textOverseas employment has become more commonplace, and remittances have increased in similar proportions. For poor countries, remittances often substantially influence domestic expenditures and real exchange rates. We study overseas employment, remittances and domestic underemployment in a simple general equilibrium model with a non-traded good and minimum wage. The influence of population growth, rural productivity, and family altruism are examined. If remittances per migrant exceed domestic productivity then multiple equilibria may occur exhibiting high or low overseas employment. We discuss how the equilibrium with highest overseas employment conditionally Pareto dominates the other equilibria, and analyse policy co-ordinatio
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