191,287 research outputs found
Today's lifestyles, tomorrow's cancers: Trends in lifestyle risk factors for cancer in low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: The global burden of cancer is projected to increase from 13.3 to 21.4 million incident cases between 2010 and 2030 due to demographic changes alone, dominated by a growing burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Lifestyle risk factors for cancer are also changing in these countries and may further influence this burden.Design: We consider examples of changes already occurring in population-level distributions of tobacco and alcohol consumption, body weight, and reproductive lives of women to gauge the magnitude of their projected impact on cancer incidence in future decades.Results: Trends in lifestyle factors vary greatly between settings and by sex. Some common trends point to considerable increases in cancers of the (i) lung in men due to tobacco smoking; (ii) upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) due to increasing tobacco and alcohol consumption, worse in men; (iii) colon from increasing body mass index, and alcohol and tobacco consumption; and (iv) in women, breast due particularly to consistent international trends of younger age at menarche, smaller family size, and, at postmenopausal ages, increasing body weight.Conclusions: In many LMICs, the future cancer burden will be worsened by changing lifestyles. Affected common cancer sites likely to experience the largest increases are lung, colon, UADT, and breast. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved
Mccormack, B B P, N263844
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/402824Surname: MCCORMACK. Given Name(s) or Initials: B B P. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: N263844. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 46905.223479
Item: [2016.0049.35117] "Mccormack, B B P, N263844
Pseudospongosorites McCormack & Kelly 2002, n. g.
No full textGenus <i>Pseudospongosorites</i> n. g. <p> <i>Diagnosis</i></p> <p>Massive amorphous, globular, irregularly spherical Suberitidae; surface mammillate, anged dorsally, smooth, waxy, corky to the touch, with papillate or raised membranous oscules; texture barely compressible; colour in life greyish green, tan to bright orange; megascleres oxeas in two size classes, slightly curved, occasionally centrotylote; skeleton consists of broad irregular swaths of oxeas, irregularly anastomosing, diverging towards ectosome which is compressed. The ectosomal spiculation is erect to slightly fanned tufts of oxeas. One species occurs in association with a hermit crab and its gastropod shell home. Reproduction by gemmulation.</p> <p> <i>Holotype</i></p> <p> <i>Spongosorites suberitoides</i> Diaz, Pomponi and van Soest, 1993: 299, gures 28, 34. USNM 32441, North Carolina.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i></p> <p>The genus name re ects the taxonomic history of the sponge, and the di culty we have had in the assessment of the phylogenetic a nity of the sponge.</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i></p> <p> We consider that <i>Pseudospongosorite s</i> <i>suberitoides</i> (Diaz <i>et al</i>.) has a greater a nity to suberitid sponges in the Hadromerida than to representatives of the Halichondrida, but that it should remain <i>incertae sedis</i> in the Suberitidae until the phylogeny of Halichondrida with respect to the Hadromerida is fully resolved. Finally, we urge caution in proposing changes to the taxonomic classi cation of the Halichondrida with respect to the Hadromerida (see Chombard and Boury-Esnault, 1999). Considerably more sequence data from 28S rRNA and possibly 18S rRNA genes is required, from a greater range of representative taxa, before a nal picture of the groups as a whole emerge.</p>Published as part of <i>McCormack, Grace P. & Kelly, Michelle, 2002, New indications of the phylogenetic a nity of Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz et al., 1993 (Porifera, Demospongiae) as revealed by 28 S ribosomal DNA, pp. 1009-1021 in Journal of Natural History 36 (9)</i> on page 1019, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110040394, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5301224">http://zenodo.org/record/5301224</a>
Estimating the asbestos-related lung cancer burden from mesothelioma mortality.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Quantifying the asbestos-related lung cancer burden is difficult in the presence of this disease's multiple causes. We explore two methods to estimate this burden using mesothelioma deaths as a proxy for asbestos exposure. METHODS: From the follow-up of 55 asbestos cohorts, we estimated ratios of (i) absolute number of asbestos-related lung cancers to mesothelioma deaths; (ii) excess lung cancer relative risk (%) to mesothelioma mortality per 1000 non-asbestos-related deaths. RESULTS: Ratios varied by asbestos type; there were a mean 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.5, 1.0) asbestos-related lung cancers per mesothelioma death in crocidolite cohorts (n=6 estimates), 6.1 (3.6, 10.5) in chrysotile (n=16), 4.0 (2.8, 5.9) in amosite (n=4) and 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) in mixed asbestos fibre cohorts (n=31). In a population with 2 mesothelioma deaths per 1000 deaths at ages 40-84 years (e.g., US men), the estimated lung cancer population attributable fraction due to mixed asbestos was estimated to be 4.0%. CONCLUSION: All types of asbestos fibres kill at least twice as many people through lung cancer than through mesothelioma, except for crocidolite. For chrysotile, widely consumed today, asbestos-related lung cancers cannot be robustly estimated from few mesothelioma deaths and the latter cannot be used to infer no excess risk of lung or other cancers
Diagramming practice and performance
No full textIn this paper I seek to apprehend some of the powers of nonrepresentational practice and performance through an encounter with the rhythmic movement of the body. I concentrate on eurhythmics, a practice that emerged in Geneva in the late 19th century and early 20th century as an effort to improve musical appreciation through rhythmic movement. Drawing on work in cultural and architectural theory, I argue that the historical and cultural geographies of eurhythmics can best be apprehended diagrammatically. Specifically, I situate eurhythmics in diagrammatic relation to the corporeal kinaesthetics of rhythmic movement, to practices of social and cultural transformation, and to architectures of performative potential. By apprehending the geographies of eurhythmics in this way, I not only work to demonstrate that nonrepresentational styles of thinking and working multiply rather than undermine the field of power in which geographers move, but also present a sense of how these powers can become implicated in the very practice and performance of geographical research
A brief overview of strategies used to prevent or reduce human-wildlife conflict - a foundation for adaption to climate change
Get PDFHumans have been managing human-wildlife interactions and conflicts since we first encountered wildlife; that is, for at least 200,000 years. Over that time, hunters, herders, landholders, communities and, more recently, land management agencies have developed a suite of strategies for avoiding, mitigating or preventing negative human-wildlife interactions, as well as human-to-human conflicts about best to manage them. These strategies have varied in their success and their formality. For example, while some management strategies are implemented and sanctioned in formal, legal instruments, others are informal and some strategies are expressly prohibited in law. Similarly, while some strategies have effectively addressed particular sources of damage, others must be implemented on an ongoing basis – as permanent land management arrangements. Against this age-old backdrop, climate change is driving new trends in human-wildlife interactions and conflicts. This chapter briefly synthesises recent developments in human-wildlife conflict scholarship to demonstrate emerging trends that should inform the use and development of climate-adapted strategies in the HWC management toolbox. The chapter then highlights three important themes for understanding HWC as the climate changes and enhancing our capacity to foster positive future interactions between human communities and wildlife
Adontorhina keegani Barry & McCormack, new species
No full textAdontorhina keegani Barry & McCormack, new species (Figures 1–3) Type locality. Porcupine Bank, 53 ° 29.9 ’N, 13 ° 59.9 ’W, 300 m Eastern Atlantic. Holotype. A complete shell, collected by P.J. Barry (10 / 11 /03), NMINH. 2006.57 Measurements (Length x height x breadth) 0.94 mm x 0.7 mm x 0.38 mm. Paratypes. Three complete shells, as holotype, NMINH.2006.64.1– 4. Measurements 0.6 mm x 0.42 mm x 0.3 mm; 0.73 mm x 0.55 mm x 0.35; 0.68 mm x 0.49 mm x 0.33 mm. Two paratypes prepared for electron microscopy, NMINH. 2006.65. Measurements 0.92 mm x 0.7 mm x 0.37 mm. NMW.Z. 2007.008. Measurements 0.98 mm x 0.76mm x 0.5 mm. Etymology. Named after Professor Brendan F. Keegan in recognition of his contribution to marine science studies in Ireland over many years. Material examined. CEO 3 Station 8 52 ° 59.9 ’N, 13 ° 59.9 ’W, 191.6 m, 4 specimens; CEO 3 Station 0 9, 53° 29.9 ’N, 13 ° 59.9 ’W, 300 m, 3 specimens; CEO 4 Station 0 5, 52° 59.9 ’N, 12 ° 44.9 ’W, 789 m, 8 specimens. Distribution. Found in muddy sand on the Porcupine Bank, West of Ireland, on either side of the highest point of the bank. Depth range 300 – 789 m. Shell description. Shell minute, maximum length to 0.98mm, fragile, compressed; elongate oval, length / height ratio of 1.2-1.36; inequilateral, anterior end longer; anterodorsal margin straight initially, rising above the horizontal plane before descending into broadly rounded anterior; ventral margin weakly curved until intersected by the weak posterior sulcus; umbones small, sunken, orthogyrate; prodissoconch I approximately 130 µm in diameter; lunule obscure, with raised commissure; escutcheon obscure; periostracum thin, lightly straw coloured; surface smooth near the umbones, thickened commarginal striae towards the margins, radial striae few, confined to the posterior (Figure 1 A); colour white, transparent in juveniles; ligament mostly internal, on a sunken plate, one third the length of the dorsal margin; hinge plate composed of two sections (Figure 1 E), anterior section thinner than posterior section. Irregular granules visible in both valves, anterior and posterior to the beak; directly below the beak, hinge plate is not visible. Internal anatomy. Both adductor muscles are relatively large, the posterior muscle is rounded but with a tapered ventral end; both muscles are divided into quick and catch areas (Figure 2); anterior muscle much larger than the posterior. There is a single point of mantle fusion to form the posterior exhalent aperture. The mantle is thin, and contains a small glandular area below the anterior adductor muscle; inner mantle fold not expanded, with a small cluster of gland cells overlain by a thin layer of radial muscle; rejection tract wide and shallow; middle and outer mantle folds very short, forming a shallow periostracal groove. Each gill has a single demibranch, comprised of seven to eight filaments; gill filaments type 2 (Dufour, 2005); filaments short but laterally expanded with well developed filamentar muscles; latero-frontal cilia well developed; interfilamentar junctions occur. Labial palps small, positioned near the end of the proximal oral groove; groove very long, wide. Oesophagus short, descending into a small stomach. Hindgut loops very high before descending along the posterior margin, through the pericardium, becoming markedly widened as it descends down to the posterior adductor muscle. The lateral pouch is very small (in contrast to most other thyasirids); just visible underneath the anterior end of the gill filaments with one marked indentation in its surface; pouch unlobed, not divided. Digestive gland and kidney large (consistent with the other species in the Thyasiridae). Foot short and well ciliated, the cilia extending back over the heel; tip of the foot very narrow and pointed; heel very well developed as are the pedal retractor muscles; heel large, extending very far down into the mantle cavity; heel sagittally grooved; pedal retractor muscles well developed. Differential diagnosis. The distinctive biangulate posterior shell margin separates Adontorhina keegani from other Adontorhina species. Also, A. keegani is markedly smaller than other species of Adontorhina which are usually 1.5 to 3 mm in diameter (Scott, 1986). The internal anatomy appears reduced compared to other Adontorhina species, with few gill filaments to each demibranch and small lateral pouches. The hindgut of A. keegani is greatly expanded in comparison with most other thaysirid species. Further features which separate A. keegani from other Adontorhina species can be found in Table 1. Remarks. Hydroids were found growing on the valves of living specimens of A. keegani (Figure 3). Only one specimen out of fifteen was recorded as being free of epifauna. Most of the specimens had a disproportionate grouping of hydroids on the posterodorsal margin. The hydroids on the posterior were always the largest and in some cases, grew to double the length of the shell they were attached to. Smaller hydroids were observed on the ventral and anterior margins. The occurrence of this epifauna was limited to the vertical axis of the shell, present only where the margins meet. Adontorhina Adontorhina Adontorhina Adontorhina Adontorhina cyclia sphaericosa lynnae keegani similisPublished as part of Barry, Peter J. & Mccormack, Grace P., 2007, Two new species of Adontorhina Berry, 1947 (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) from the Porcupine Bank, off the west coast of Ireland, pp. 37-49 in Zootaxa 1526 on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17753
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