82 research outputs found
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Impact of low- and medium-oil corn dried distillers’ grains plus solubles on growth performance of feedlot cattle
No full textDuring backgrounding, low-oil dried corn distillersâ grains plus solubles (LO-DDGS) resulted in higher DM intake (P=0.002) and increased ADG (P=0.03) in steers compared to medium-oil (MO) DDGS. Inclusion of 20% DDGS tended (P=0.06) to increase ADG compared to 10% DDGS. During finishing, MO-DDGS improved (P=0.03) feed efficiency compared to LO-DDGS.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Autumn leaves : sound and the environment in artistic practice
No full textThis publication is a book that represents an innovative, international and multi-disciplinary approach to conceptualising the dynamic relationships between sound and the environment. The editorial process involved directly commissioning textual, graphic and photographic work. The vast majority of the book represents new work, produced specifically for this publication. For the purposes of tracing historical development, an article from 1974 and three older projects have been revived and recontextualised. In addition to the editorial responsibility, the researcher wrote the introduction and conducted three original interviews. The book draws work from visual, sound and performance art, acoustic science, anthropology, cultural studies, public policy, and architectural theory. Just as it is true to say that these disciplines have not previously been brought together in this way, equally, it is no exaggeration to identify the contributors as the leading international lights in the field: Chris Watson, Tim Ingold, Hildegard Westerkamp, Christina Kubisch, Alvin Lucier, David Toop. The book is published by Double Entendre, the French publisher of the premier sound arts journal, Vibro. The book is accompanied by an audio compilation published by the German record label, Gruenrekorder (Gruen 053). www.autumn-leaves.gruenrekorder.de. The researcher co-curated the compilation, selecting relevant work that illustrated the book’s themes. The book was the catalyst for a one-day symposium at the Tate Britain called The Performance of Sound (May 19th, 2006), which the researcher co-organised. The researcher was invited to speak on the book at the Audio Extranautes: Flux, Distance, Sociability symposium at the Villa Arson in Nice in December 2007. Autumn Leaves has been reviewed in the French journal Mouvement; in MCD where the reviewer reported that “this book deserves to be translated into French”; and Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology. Soundscape 7 (1), Autumn, 2007 reprinted an interview conducted by the author from the book. Autumn Leaves, edited by CRiSAP co-director Angus Carlyle, seeks to draw together a number of different perspectives on how the environment is made audible through sound. The perspectives contained in the book are made manifest through more traditional textual analyses, interviews, image-based works (both photography and graphic illustration) and ‘artist’s pages’ (which combine different registers of information).
Among the articles included in the book are a superb deconstruction of the concept of soundscape by anthropologist Tim Ingold; an intriguing analysis of sound from an acoustic point-of-view (or point-of-audition) by Bill Davies; Steve Goodman’s dynamic opening up of city sound to a bass materialism provoked by Greg Lynn’s ‘blob’ architecture; Salome Voegelin’s evocative mapping of sci-fi aesthetics onto the project of acoustic ecology; a wonderful meditation on the heard and the unheard by David Toop; Sylvain Marquis powerfully drawing out the ‘presence’ of Phill Niblock; Rahma Khazam finding new ways of listening through an inspired conceptual conversation between art, architecture and relational aesthetics; and a re-print of Hildegard Westerkamp’s pioneering discussion of soundwalking from 1974.
Interviews include a wide-ranging discussion with Alvin Lucier about his work and working practices; an exploration of Christina Kubisch’s long-standing commitment to teasing out the complexities of the sounds that surround us; Peter Cusack providing an exciting account of his Sound of Dangerous Places project; Chris Watson talking us through his inspirational field-recording; and Max Dixon offering fresh perspectives on how the development of strategies for noise in urban environments meshes policy with research into bio-acoustics, acoustics and creative practice.
Images include Dan Holdsworth’s haunting representations of anechoic chambers through Charles Fox’s photographs of microphone arrays in the wilderness, Axel Stockburger’s ASCII art evocations of video-game space and Nicholas Gansterer’s intricate diagrams of our heard world.
What remains of the book is devoted to the artists’ pages. In these a whole host of contemporary practitioners spanning the disciplines of graphic design, music, photography, performance and visual art offer their provocative takes on sound and the environment. Here we encounter John Wynne and Tim Wainwright presenting their collaborative work in Harefield Hospital; Aki Onda pursuing his Cinemage project; Claudia Wegener finding poetry in ear- and eye-witnessing; an unpacking of the theories and technologies behind the exciting Locus Sonus audio streams; NYSAE opening up its portfolio of acoustic ecology-inspired activities; Goran Vejvoda mobilising a modular manifesto from his three decades of sound art; the Gruenrekorder label reviewing the thinking behind its 40 releases; Jem Finer show-casing his Score For A Hole in the Ground; Cathy Lane mapping her memories of the Hebrides; Zoe Irvine making an art of places out of abandoned audio tape; and Mira Choi introducing her noise-responsive graphic software.
The editorial work and its presentation has been a collaborative venture with the designer Ian Noble.
Autumn Leaves is CRiSAP's first book and is edited by CRiSAP Co-Director Angus Carlyle[/b] and published by the exciting French sound art initiative Vibro / Double Entendre. It contains work by a variety of artists including several of CRiSAP's members - Salomé Voegelin, John Wynne, Peter Cusack, Cathy Lane and David Toop
Effect of combinations of feed-grade urea and slow-release urea in a finishing beef diet on fermentation in an artificial rumen system
No full textAbstract This study evaluated the effect of combinations of feed-grade urea and slow-release urea (SRU) on fermentation and microbial protein synthesis within two artificial rumens (Rusitec) fed a finishing concentrate diet. The experiment was a completely randomized, dose–response design with SRU substituted at levels of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 1.75% of dry matter (DM) in place of feed-grade urea, with four replicate fermenters per dosage. The diet consisted of 90% concentrate and 10% forage (DM basis). The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Dry matter and organic matter disappearances were determined after 48 h of incubation from day 9 to 12, and daily ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production were measured from day 9 to 12. Microbial protein synthesis was determined on days 13–15. Increasing the level of SRU quadratically affected total VFA (Q, P = 0.031) and ammonia (Q, P = 0.034), with a linear increment in acetate (L, P = 0.01) and isovalerate (L, P = 0.05) and reduction in butyrate (L, P = 0.05). Disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was quadratically affected by levels of SRU, plateauing at 1% SRU. Inclusion of 1% SRU resulted in the highest amount of microbial nitrogen associated with feed particles (Q, P = 0.037). Responses in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis fluctuated (L, P = 0.002; Q, P = 0.001) and were the highest for 1% SRU. In general, the result of this study showed that 1% SRU in combination with 0.6% urea increased NDF and ADF digestibility and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) production
Effect of humic substances on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and rumen microbiota in beef heifers1
No full textImpact of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, feed intake, and carcass traits of finishing steers
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom [DA]; Biomin, Getzersdorf, Austria) on growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and liver abscesses of finishing steers. One hundred twenty Angus × Charolais crossbred steers (488 ± 26.5 kg) were used in a 110-d feeding experiment. Steers were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 12 pens with 10 steers per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of three diets. Each diet contained 86.5% barley, 10.0% barley silage, and 3.5% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets contained 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g DA/kg complete diet (DM basis), to achieve average daily DA intakes of 0 (control), 0.5 (LowDA), and 1.0 g (HighDA) per steer. Diets were prepared once daily and provided ad libitum. Two pens per treatment were equipped to record individual feed intake behavior. Steers were weighed every 28 d and carcass traits and liver scores were recorded at slaughter. Dry matter intake (average: 9.34 kg/d) did not differ (P > 0.05) among diets. Average daily gain tended to increase linearly as DA increased (control: 1.82; LowDA: 1.87; and HighDA: 1.95 kg/d; P < 0.09), but gain:feed ratio was not affected. Supplementation of DA affected longissimus muscle area quadratically (P = 0.05) with the largest area observed for LowDA. However, dressing percentage decreased linearly in response to increasing level of DA (P < 0.01). Total abscessed livers were not affected, whereas proportion of severe liver abscesses was numerically lower with DA (30.8% and 42.5% for LowDA and HighDA) compared to the control (50%)
A Bioassay of Nitrogen Availability in Soils Amended with Manure from Cattle Fed DDGS: Effects of Construction/Demolition Waste and Peat Moss
No full textThe use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and peat moss as bedding in beef cattle feedlots may affect the amount of plant-available nitrogen (N) in manure. Such an effect, however, may differ between manure from cattle fed a regular grain diet (RM) and those fed dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) (DGM). We used five 40-day crop cycles in a greenhouse bioassay to determine the effects of RM and DGM manure containing CDW or peat moss on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and N uptake in a Black Chernozem (loam, Typic Hapocryoll) and a Brown Chernozem (sandy clay loam, Aridic Haploboroll) with or without the addition of a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin) in each cycle to minimize nitrate (NO3) leaching. Our results showed that the presence of CDW in DGM and RM manure depressed (PThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
HIGH DEOXYNIVALENOL AND ERGOT ALKALOID LEVELS IN WHEAT GRAIN AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, RUMEN PARAMETERS, AND HEALTH STATUS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE
No full textThe objective of this study was to assess the impacts of a mixture of deoxynivalenol (DON) and ergot alkaloids (EA) in a wheat-based finishing diet on rumen function, blood parameters, incidence of liver abscesses, growth performance, and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Forty Angus crossbred beef steers (450 ± 6.0 kg; 8 ruminally cannulated) were blocked by body weight and randomly, allocated to 1 of 4 treatments; control-low (CON-L; 0 mg/kg), control-high (CON-H: 0 mg/kg), mycotoxin-low (MYC-L; 5.0 mg/kg DON, 2.1 mg/kg EA), and mycotoxin-high (MYC-H: 10 mg/kg DON, 4.1 mg/kg EA) and housed in individual pens over a 112 d finishing trial. Wheat screenings were added to the CON diets to ensure a chemical composition profile that was like the mycotoxin diets (CON-L had 31% and CON-H had 63% of the diet as wheat screenings on a DM basis). Diets (DM basis) consisted of 83% wheat-based concentrate, 12% barley silage, and 5% supplement. Ruminal and blood samples were collected at the beginning of the trial, and every 28 days thereafter, and ruminal pH was measured for 7 d using indwelling loggers by inserting a week before sampling for each period. Data collected was analyzed using SAS software. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was lower (P = 0.03) for MYC steers as compared to CON steers. The CON steers experienced a longer duration with ruminal pH < 5.2 as compared to MYC steers, as well as higher (P < 0.001) AUC (pH × min and pH × min/kg DM) for both pH <6.0 and <5.6. Platelet count was lower for MYC steers (P < 0.001), as were liver parameters including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), globulin, and blood urea nitrogen concentration (P ≤ 0.008); whereas the A:G (albumin:globulin ratio) was higher (P < 0.001) when compared to CON steers. Lymphocyte count and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were elevated (P ≤ 0.003) in MYC steers when compared to CON steers. Intake of DM, starch, CP, NDF, and ADF were lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers compared to the CON steers. Despite a lower intake, DM, crude protein (CP), and starch digestibility were higher (P ≤ 0.002) in MYC steers when compared to CON steers. Final body weight, ADG, G:F, and NEg were lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers than CON steers. Hot carcass weight and backfat thickness were also lower (P < 0.001) in MYC steers, but saleable and lean meat yield were greater (P ≤ 0.007) compared to CON steers. The incidence of liver abscesses was not affected by the inclusion of mycotoxins in the diet. Results suggest that a mixture of mycotoxins impacted the immune status, growth performance, and carcass traits of feedlot steers, even at limits currently deemed safe (MYC-L) by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Therefore, CFIA guidelines may require further review to include additional recommendations for mycotoxin mixtures, particularly when a mixture of DON and EA is present in the diet
Estimating enteric methane production for beef cattle using empirical prediction models compared with IPCC Tier 2 methodology
No full textThe IPCC (2006), Tier 2 methodology and 16 empirical models together with dietary information were used to estimate daily Methane (CH4) production and Ym (CH4 energy expressed as a percentage of gross energy intake) for mature cows (lactating, dry) and growing steers (backgrounding, grazing, finishing) in Eastern and Western Canada. Monthly simulations accounted for changes in body weight, feed intake and diet composition. Coefficient of variation (CV) and uncertainty (95% confidence interval divided by mean) were used to estimate variability. Estimates of CH4 (g d-1) and Ym from models differed from IPCC estimates. For models, the CV of Ym ranged from 0.8 to 29.7% and uncertainty from 0.9 to 45.2% over the production phases of the animals in contrast to the fixed Ym used by IPCC. When information on diet composition is lacking, a Ym value of 7.0 to 7.3% can be used for beef cows depending on stage and location, and 6.4 to 6.6% for growing cattle fed high forage diets, while 4.8% is recommended for finishing diets instead of the default values of 6.5% for high forage diets and 3.0% for finishing diets typically used in the IPCC Tier 2 method.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
HIGH DEOXYNIVALENOL AND ERGOT ALKALOID LEVELS IN WHEAT GRAIN AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, RUMEN PARAMETERS, AND HEALTH STATUS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE
No full textThe objective of this study was to assess the impacts of a mixture of deoxynivalenol (DON) and ergot alkaloids (EA) in a wheat-based finishing diet on rumen function, blood parameters, incidence of liver abscesses, growth performance, and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Forty Angus crossbred beef steers (450 ± 6.0 kg; 8 ruminally cannulated) were blocked by body weight and randomly, allocated to 1 of 4 treatments; control-low (CON-L; 0 mg/kg), control-high (CON-H: 0 mg/kg), mycotoxin-low (MYC-L; 5.0 mg/kg DON, 2.1 mg/kg EA), and mycotoxin-high (MYC-H: 10 mg/kg DON, 4.1 mg/kg EA) and housed in individual pens over a 112 d finishing trial. Wheat screenings were added to the CON diets to ensure a chemical composition profile that was like the mycotoxin diets (CON-L had 31% and CON-H had 63% of the diet as wheat screenings on a DM basis). Diets (DM basis) consisted of 83% wheat-based concentrate, 12% barley silage, and 5% supplement. Ruminal and blood samples were collected at the beginning of the trial, and every 28 days thereafter, and ruminal pH was measured for 7 d using indwelling loggers by inserting a week before sampling for each period. Data collected was analyzed using SAS software. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was lower (P = 0.03) for MYC steers as compared to CON steers. The CON steers experienced a longer duration with ruminal pH < 5.2 as compared to MYC steers, as well as higher (P < 0.001) AUC (pH × min and pH × min/kg DM) for both pH <6.0 and <5.6. Platelet count was lower for MYC steers (P < 0.001), as were liver parameters including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), globulin, and blood urea nitrogen concentration (P ≤ 0.008); whereas the A:G (albumin:globulin ratio) was higher (P < 0.001) when compared to CON steers. Lymphocyte count and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were elevated (P ≤ 0.003) in MYC steers when compared to CON steers. Intake of DM, starch, CP, NDF, and ADF were lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers compared to the CON steers. Despite a lower intake, DM, crude protein (CP), and starch digestibility were higher (P ≤ 0.002) in MYC steers when compared to CON steers. Final body weight, ADG, G:F, and NEg were lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers than CON steers. Hot carcass weight and backfat thickness were also lower (P < 0.001) in MYC steers, but saleable and lean meat yield were greater (P ≤ 0.007) compared to CON steers. The incidence of liver abscesses was not affected by the inclusion of mycotoxins in the diet. Results suggest that a mixture of mycotoxins impacted the immune status, growth performance, and carcass traits of feedlot steers, even at limits currently deemed safe (MYC-L) by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Therefore, CFIA guidelines may require further review to include additional recommendations for mycotoxin mixtures, particularly when a mixture of DON and EA is present in the diet
Prosperity without growth? : the transition to a sustainable economy
No full textThis report is summarised by the documents 'Prosperity without growth? : summary' and 'Ffyniant heb dwf? : crynodeb'Prosperity without Growth? analyses the complex relationships between growth, environmental crises and social recession.Publisher PD
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