1,721,384 research outputs found
Tradurre le microlingue scientifico-professionali. Riflessioni teoriche e proposte didattiche,
No full textThe papers collected in the book editet by P. Mazzotta & L. Salmon are devoted to the relationship between translation theory and translation teaching. Authors of different linguistic and theoretical fields propose their own reflection on the so called LSP (“languages for specific purposes”) with reference to their solid experience both as scholars and university teachers. In chapter two Salmon presents her own epistemic analysis of the concept of LSP itself, which is closly related to the very complex and tricky concept of “textual typology”. The main idea is that a binary opposition of expressive versus scientific texts is always naïve and reveals a poor comprehention of the connection between “text typology” and the often very complex reception context. The last can trigger a drastic shift in the text tipology. This fact should be well known in considering the deontological postulates of both the translating project and the following process. In this chapter is argumented the claim that no text as a physical object cointains discrete elements sufficient to infere a “pure typology”. In a text there is eventually a sum of different verbal features which, depending on the overall contex (intended as the interrelation of wh- factors), suggest that a dominant is to be found (cf. Jakobson). The dominant function of the source text is then considered the guideline for a consistent translation project leading to an f-equivalent target text
Problemi interculturali e glottoddiattici nell'insegnamento dell'italiano a bambini immigrati
No full textIl contributo intende analizzare le difficoltà linguistico-cognitive e i problemi interculturali che caratterizzano l'educazione linguistica a immigrati bambini alla luce dell'applicazione dell'approccio cognitivo emozionale, basato sullo sviluppo non solo degli aspetti linguistici e cognitivi, ma anche affettivi e motivazionali
Problemi interculturali e glottodidattici nell'insegnamento dell'italiano agli adulti immigrati
No full textIl contributo intende descrivere i problemi interculturali e glottodidattici relativi all'insegnamento dell'italiano ad un pubblico a bambini immigrati. in particolare vengono affrontati aspetti relativi alle difficoltà linguistico-cognitive e a specifiche problematiche interculturali. Al fine di affrontare tali aspetti nell'ambito dell'educazione linguistica, si propone un approccio cognitivo-emozionale che tenga presente tre aspetti fondamentali dell'apprendimento: le emozioni, la motivazione e i processi cognitiv
Spectral imaging of galaxy clusters with Planck
Full text linkThe Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect is a promising tool for detecting the presence of hot gas out to the galaxy cluster peripheries. We developed a spectral imaging algorithm dedicated to the SZ observations of nearby galaxy clusters with Planck, with the aim of revealing gas density anisotropies related to the filamentary accretion of materials, or pressure discontinuities induced by the propagation of shock fronts. To optimize an unavoidable trade-off between angular resolution and precision of the SZ flux measurements, the algorithm performs a multi-scale analysis of the SZ maps as well as of other extended components, such as the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and the Galactic thermal dust. The demixing of the SZ signal is tackled through kernel-weighted likelihood maximizations. The CMB anisotropies are further analyzed through a wavelet analysis, while the Galactic foregrounds and SZ maps are analyzed via a curvelet analysis that best preserves their anisotropic details. The algorithm performance has been tested against mock observations of galaxy clusters obtained by simulating the Planck High Frequency Instrument and by pointing at a few characteristic positions in the sky. These tests suggest that Planck should easily allow us to detect filaments in the cluster peripheries and detect large-scale shocks in colliding galaxy clusters that feature favorable geometry
A Chandra Study of the Complex Structure in the Core of 2A 0335+096
Full text linkWe present a Chandra observation of the central (r 40 kpc), the X-ray surface brightness is symmetric and slightly elliptical. The cluster has a cool, dense core; the radial temperature gradient varies with position angle. The radial metallicity profile shows a pronounced central drop and an off-center peak. Similarly to many clusters with dense cores, 2A 0335+096 hosts a cold front at r ≈ 40 kpc south of the center. The gas pressure across the front is discontinuous by a factor AP = 1.6 ± 0.3, indicating that the cool core is moving with respect to the ambient gas with a Mach number M ≈ 0.75 ± 0.2. The central dense region inside the cold front shows an unusual X-ray morphology, which consists of a number of X-ray blobs and/or filaments on scales 3 kpc, along with two prominent X-ray cavities. The X-ray blobs are not correlated with either the optical line emission (Hα+[N II]), member galaxies, or radio emission. The deprojected temperature of the dense blobs is consistent with that of the less dense ambient gas, so these gas phases do not appear to be in thermal pressure equilibrium. An interesting possibility is a significant, unseen nonthermal pressure component in the interblob gas, possibly arising from the activity of the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). We discuss two models for the origin of the gas blobs—hydrodynamic instabilities caused by the observed motion of the gas core and "bubbling" of the core caused by multiple outbursts of the central AGN
Temperature structure of the intra-cluster medium within relaxed clusters of galaxies
No full textUsing a wavelet algorithm, we have mapped the temperature structure of
the three relaxed clusters of galaxies Abell 478, Abell 1795 and Abell
2029. The findings of significant non-radial thermal structures
outside the core region of two of these clusters question the validity
limits of the elliptical symmetry hypothesis required for deriving
cluster mass profiles from gas brightness and temperature profiles
measurements
Ionization Balance for Optically Thin Plasmas: Rate Coefficients for all Atoms and Ions of the Elements H to Ni and implication for the calculated X-ray spectrum
No full textTemperature structure of the intergalactic medium within seven nearby and bright clusters of galaxies observed with XMM-Newton
No full textAims.Using a newly developed algorithm, we map, to the
highest angular resolution allowed by the data, the temperature
structure of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) within a nearly complete
X-ray flux limited sample of galaxy clusters in the redshift range
between and . Our sample contains seven bright
clusters of galaxies observed with XMM-Newton: Abell 399, Abell 401,
Abell 478, Abell 1795, Abell 2029, Abell 2065, Abell 2256.
Methods.We use a multi-scale spectral mapping algorithm especially designed
to map spectroscopic observables from X-ray extended emission of the
ICM. By means of a wavelet analysis, this algorithm couples
spatially resolved spectroscopy with a structure detection approach.
Derived from a former algorithm using Haar wavelets, our algorithm
is now implemented with B-spline wavelets in order to perform a more
regular analysis of the signal. Compared to other adaptive
algorithms, our method has the advantage of analysing spatially the
gas temperature structure itself, instead of being primarily driven
by the geometry of gas brightness.
Results.For the four clusters in our
sample that are major mergers, we find a rather complex thermal
structure with strong thermal variations consistent with their
dynamics. For two of them, A2065 and A2256, we perform a 3-d
analysis of cold front-like features evidenced from the gas
temperature and brightness maps. Furthermore, we detect a
significant non-radial thermal structure outside the cool core
region of the other 3 more “regular” clusters, with relative
amplitudes of about about 10% and typical sizes ranging between 2 and 3 arcmin. We investigate possible
implications of this thermal
structure on the mass estimates, by extracting the surface
brightness and temperature profiles from complementary sectors in
the “regular” clusters A1795 and A2029, corresponding to hottest
and coldest regions in the maps. For A2029, the temperature and
surface brightness gradients seem to compensate each other, leading
to a consistent mass profile. For A1795, however, the temperature
structure leads to a significant mass discrepancy in the innermost
cluster region. The third “regular” cluster, A478, is located in a
particular sky region characterised by strong variations of neutral
hydrogen column density, Nh, even on angular scales smaller than the
cluster itself. For this cluster, we derive a spectroscopic Nh map
and investigate the origin of Nh structure by discussing its
correlation with galactic emission of dust in the infrared
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