1,721,303 research outputs found
Le Tiflocibine dannose alle lamiacee aromatiche in Toscana
No full textLeafhoppers harmful to aromatic Lamiaceae in Tuscany
Field surveys conducted during the biennium 2003-2004 on 6 species of aromatic Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis L., Origanum vulgare L., Calamintha nepeta Savi, Hyssopus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., and Rosmarinus officinalis L.) cultivated in several areas of Tuscany, evidenced the occurrence of a complex of harmful leafhoppers belonging mainly to the genus Eupteryx. Among these, Eupteryx decemnotata Rey resulted the most recurrent species, collected on all the monitored plants throughout the year. Other species commonly found were E. curtisii (Flor), E. rostrata Rib., E. zelleri (Kbm.), E. melissae (Curtis), and Emelyanoviana mollicula (Boh.). Notes regarding the biology of these species and a key for their identification, on the basis of external macro-morphological characters, are given
Dynamic analyses for the optimization of a pest control system based on vibrations
No full text: In many Hemipteran insects, vibrational communication is fundamental for reproduction in that it can provide cues that enable partner identification, location and courtship. If this communication fails, none of the previous actions will be possible and the species reproduction is compromised. From this concept, a new method of pest control, an alternative to pesticides, is currently under development: the vibrational mating disruption, which is based on the use of disturbance noise (DN, i.e., disruptive synthetic vibrations specifically designed to interfere with the mating communication). In this study, we describe from an engineering point of view this method, applied in the field for the control of the grapevine leafhoppers Scaphoideus titanus and the Empoasca vitis. In order to prevent mating, the DN is continuously transmitted by a system of mini-shakers through the vineyard, from the trellis (i.e., poles and wires) to the grapevine leaves. The DN can disrupt the target species because of its specific frequency pattern and provide the respect of certain threshold of intensity. For these reasons, (i) we must reduce all the possible causes of dissipation and/or (ii) optimize the signal transmission at the source i.e. the mini-shakers. Since this method is applied in the field, many uncontrollable factors can contribute to dissipating the signal (materials, junctions, external perturbations just to name a few). Therefore, in the first instance, we decided to focus on the mini-shaker position to enhance its performance. In this study, we report our dynamic analysis of the shakers to suggest some changes, by varying the shaker assembly, stiffness, mass and position, and so generate improvements on the quality and the intensity of the signal to be transmitted. Both numerical (finite element) simulations and field measurements are shown to validate the proposed solutions
Vibrational mating disruption and other techniques of behavioral manipulation against grapevine yellows’vectors
No full text
EUPTERYX DECEMNOTATA REY (HEMIPTERA CICADOMORPHA TYPHLOCYBINAE), IMPORTANT PEST OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS (LAMIACEAE)
No full textThe biology of pre-imaginal stages and the effects of feeding activity on Salvia officinalis of Eupteryx decemnotata Rey have been investigated. Field surveys conducted in a biological farm at Cascina (Pisa, Italy) evidenced that the species overwinters mostly as egg laid inside leaf tissues. At 20°C embryonic and nymphal phases take 21,48 ± 1,26 and 19,50 ± 1,83 days, respectively. Nymph’s feeding activity can cause wide chlorosis on leaf surface and consequently modification of biochemical and physiological parameters. In particular, remarkable reduction in photosynthetic activity, electron transport and total chlorophyll content were observed
Mating behavior in spotted wing species suggests a modular model of vibratory communication in Drosophila
Full text linkNote faunistiche sugli Auchenorrinchi della campagna toscana. III – Specie raccolte su piante arboree
No full textLe cicaline (Cicadomorpha Typhlocybinae) delle lamiacee aromatiche in Toscana
No full textLa recente riscoperta dei prodotti naturali ha determinato negli ultimi anni un incremento del numero di aziende agricole che hanno indirizzato la loro produzione verso le piante medicinali ed aromatiche. Ricerche condotte in passato hanno evidenziato come i principali fitofagi delle lamiacee aromatiche, sia coltivate che spontanee, sono i Cicadellidi tiflocibini. L’obiettivo della presente ricerca è stato l’individuazione e lo studio delle principali specie di tali fitomizi in alcune aree toscane.
I campionamenti sono stati condotti nel biennio 2003-2004 in un’azienda biologica in provincia di Pisa e in orti e giardini delle province di Pisa e Lucca. Sono state considerate le seguenti essenze: melissa (Melissa officinalis L.), origano (Origanum vulgare L.), nepitella (Calamintha nepeta Savi), issopo (Hyssopus officinalis L.), salvia (Salvia officinalis L.) e rosmarino (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Su queste sono state reperite numerose tiflocibine, la cui presenza è risultata costantemente associata a depigmentazioni delle aree fogliari e, talvolta, ad estesi disseccamenti. Eupteryx decemnotata Rey è stata rinvenuta nel corso dell’intero anno, risultando la specie più diffusa. In particolare, nel periodo primaverile-estivo è stata raccolta sulla totalità delle essenze indagate, in tutti gli stadi di sviluppo, mentre in quello invernale su salvia, prevalentemente come uovo, e su rosmarino come adulto.
Altre tiflocibine che svolgono il loro ciclo sulle lamiacee aromatiche considerate sono E. stachydearum (su salvia, melissa e in inverno nepitella), E. rostrata (su salvia), E. zelleri (su nepitella, origano e melissa), E. melissae (in inverno su salvia) e Emelyanoviana mollicula (su salvia e issopo).
Concludendo alle lamiacee aromatiche risultano infeudate popolazioni miste di tiflocibine appartenenti prevalentemente al genere Eupteryx. Queste, per quanto mostrino talvolta delle preferenze, possono essere considerate polifaghe nell’ambito delle lamiacee studiate. Su queste, risultano presenti in tutti gli stadi di sviluppo nel corso dell’intero anno, con un rallentamento di attività in inverno, superato sulle specie perennanti
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