1,721,192 research outputs found
An empirical analysis of the effect of economic activity and COVID-19 restrictions on road traffic accidents in Italy
Full text linkRoad traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death for the young segment of the population.
Prevention strategies can mitigate the occurrence of road accidents, and successful actions should take into
account the most relevant causes of accidents. We use a comprehensive dataset which reports information
from police records on all road traffic accidents with injures and/or deaths in Italy between 2014 and 2020
to explore the relationships among economic forces, driving behaviours and accident frequency and severity.
More specifically, the natural experiment setting provided by the 2020 COVID-19-related movement restrictions
allows to capture the effect of traffic intensity and other factors on the frequency of serious accidents and
mortality. The empirical findings confirm a direct relationship between the level of economic activity and
the frequency of accidents, whereas there is no clear link with their severity. Instead, lockdown periods
are associated with a relatively higher occurrence of fatal road traffic accidents, due to both riskier driving
behaviours at times of reduced traffic, and changes in transportation habits reflected by a higher probability
of accidents involving bicycles and motorcycles
Consumer reaction and behaviour in response to food safety crises
No full textThis paper explores aggregate consumer reaction to food scares by means of a stochastic demand model and illustrates an application on Italian and US meat scares and a milk contamination case in Oahu, Hawaii.. The empirically estimated patterns are compared with a sociological view of aggregate public reaction and some consistence is found. The model also allows to take into account situations when the crisis resurges or other scares than the original affect the same product. The empirical evidence for the selected food scares explored in this paper shows that the impact of food scares on consumer preferences is relatively short-lived, although major structural adjustment may intervene through price changes. The method suggested in this paper allows a period-by-period monitoring of consumer response to communicated risk factors, without requiring an evaluation of the variegated impact of information provided by media
Ten years of five-a-day policy in the UK: Nutritional outcomes and environmental effects
Full text linkThis paper estimates the impact of policy measures aimed at increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in the UK over more than a decade, evaluating changes in purchased quantities and estimating the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs). We use a counterfactual scenario analysis to isolate the effects of the policy from the influences of evolving prices, incomes and socio-demographic factors. Our estimates suggest that the positive effects of the promotion campaigns on F&V purchases (about half a portion per adult equivalent per day) still persist 10 years after the start of the policy implementation, and we find no evidence of a wearout effect. We also provide suggestive evidence that the dietary adjustment which accompanies the increase in F&V intakes translates into a relevant reduction in GHGEs, by an average amount of 3.3kg of CO2e per adult equivalent per month
I consumi alimentari
No full textContiene dati aggiornati al 2017 ed elaborazioni commentate sui consumi delle famiglie italiane ed emiliano-romagnole, anche con riferimento all'evoluzione degli stili di vita e dell'obesita
L'approccio allo sviluppo agricolo e rurale a livello territoriale. Il confronto tra due regioni sviluppate del Paese
No full textThere is no such thing as a (gluten-)free lunch: Higher food prices and the cost for coeliac consumers
No full textA lifelong gluten-free diet is the only available treatment for coeliac disease at present. However, the high price of gluten-free substitute foods is likely to generate a welfare loss for consumers who drop gluten from their diet. Using original data on retail prices in four major UK supermarkets and consumption data from the UK Living Cost and Food Survey, we simulate the welfare change associated to a switch to the gluten-free diet. Within the "Bread and Cereals" category, retail price data show that the average price of gluten-free products is £1.12/100g relative to £ 0.59/100g of gluten-containing products. Our estimates indicate that on average in the UK coeliac consumers have to pay an extra £ 10 per week to maintain their utility levels prior to the dietary switch. This correspond to 29% of the weekly food budget. Results by income quartile are suggestive of regressive effects and the welfare loss for low-income consumers is estimated at 36% of their food budget compared to 24% of high-income consumers
I comportamenti alimentari in Emilia-Romagna: i risultati di una indagine demoscopica
No full textIl capitolo riporta e analizza i risultati di un'indagine demoscopica sui consumi alimentari svolta in collaborazione con la Regione Emilia-Romagna nel maggio 2006. L'analisi si concentra su comportamento e attitudini del consumatore, in particolare rispetto a qualità, sicurezza degli alimenti, nutrizione e fiducia. I dati sono presentati sia a livello regionale che provinciale
I consumi alimentari
No full textRapporto annuale di Unioncamere e Regione Emilia Romagna, assessorato all'agricoltura. Il capitolo analizza i dati Istat di prezzi al consumo, contabilità nazionale e dei consumi delle famiglie per esplorare le tendenze nei consumi alimentari e non
Fat tax or thin subsidy? How price increases and decreases affect the energy and nutrient content of food and beverage purchases in Great Britain.
Full text linkSuboptimal diet is a leading risk factor for early death and disability globally. Changing food prices via tax or subsidy policies is often recommended to improve diets, particularly increasing the relative price of sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce sugar consumption. Less evidence exists on how such policies, if applied across a wide range of foods and beverages, could affect purchases and diet quality. Using home-scan data from a sample of 26,799 households in Great Britain (2012-2013) we estimate separate demand elasticities for price increases and decreases using a reference-price dependent demand model, to simulate the impact of a 20% price change on purchases of energy and nutrients from 26 healthier and less healthy food groups that make up the full basket of purchases.
Where asymmetry exists between elasticity of price increase and decrease, household response to price increases is stronger. Households with low socio-economic status (SES) respond to price changes in either direction more strongly than high-SES, especially for less healthy foods. On average, energy and nutrient content of take-home purchases were near or above reference daily intake levels. The combined effect of increasing the price of all less healthy foods, and decreasing the price of all healthier foods, led to an overall improvement with a net reduction in energy (by 67.6kcal per capita/day), sugar (6.3g), salt (0.21g) and saturated fat (2.3g) content, and a net increase in protein (3.4g) and fibre (0.9g) content of purchases. From individual food groups, the greatest reduction in energy, sugar and saturated fat content was observed for price increases in sweet snacks, desserts and puddings, and fats and oils. Dietary quality of the purchases of low-SES households generally improved most. Our findings support the view that price change policies can lead to dietary improvements, if they are based on the healthiness of food and beverages
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