1,721,087 research outputs found
Di Guardo G., Pennelli M., Marcer F., Mazzariol S. (2015). Contributo in volume (Capitolo). Principali patologie dei Cetacei. In: Mazzariol S., Cozzi B., Centelleghe C. Spiaggiamento dei Cetacei. Manuale di gestione, pp. 99-131. Massimo Valdina Editore, the CoffeeHouse art&media, Milano, ISBN 979-888817613-0 978888176130. Di Guardo G., Pennelli M., Marcer F., Mazzariol S. (2015). Contributo in volume (Capitolo). Principali patologie dei Cetacei. In: Mazzariol S., Cozzi B., Centelleghe C. Spiaggiamento dei Cetacei. Manuale di gestione, pp. 99-131. Massimo Valdina Editore, the CoffeeHouse art&media, Milano, ISBN 979-888817613-0 978888176130. Principali patologie dei Cetacei
No full textCapitolo ("Principali patologie dei Cetacei") in Volume ("Spiaggiamento dei Cetacei. Manuale di gestione")
Measles, immune amnesia, and cetaceans
No full textThe loss of immune memory against previously encountered pathogens, which has been reported in measles virus (MV)-infected humans and macaques, provides further support to the crucial need for measles vaccination on a global scale. Indeed, this newly characterized immunomodulatory process sums itself to the well-known viral immunosuppressive effects, thereby representing an additional explanatory key for the >100,000 deaths annually caused by MV. Within such framework, it would be of interest to know the role, if any, played by viral-specific and host-specific factors in the development of MV-induced "immunological amnesia" (IA). More in detail, to what extent does IA depend upon the viral strain responsible for the infection? And, are there any differences, in terms of IA magnitude, between Th1-dominant versus Th2-dominant individuals infected by MV? We are investigating since many years wild dolphins naturally infected with cetacean morbillivirus (CMV), a devastating pathogen closely related to MV. These animals frequently develop an immunosuppression similar to that experienced by MV-infected humans, although Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) harboring a given CMV strain may undergo an even more prominent, multicentric lymphoid cell depletion. These viral strain-driven differences in the severity of host's immunodeficiency could be accompanied, among others, by different expression levels of the SLAM/CD150 immune cell viral receptor - specifying the well-documented lymphotropism of both animal and human morbilliviruses - in Th1-dominant as compared to Th2-dominant individuals. Similar viral-host interaction dynamics could also modulate MV-induced IA, although we don't know if CMV-infected dolphins may develop any IA-like condition.
Comparative immunopathological and immunopathogenetic studies in CMV-infected cetaceans may thus provide valuable insight into a more in-depth understanding of MV-induced IA, thereby setting a parallel infection model for an ad hoc dissection of virus-related and host-related factors involved in the determinism of this alarming condition
Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals, a global challenge to their health and conservation.
No full textA brief overview of Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals is provided herein, along with the remarkable impact exerted by these infections as well as by their causative agents on the health and conservation of free-ranging pinnipeds and cetaceans across the globe
Cetacean morbillivirus: A land-to-sea journey and back?
No full textCetacean Morbillivirus, the most relevant pathogen impacting the health and conservation of cetaceans worldwide, has shown in recent years an apparently increased tendency to cross “interspecies barriers”, thereby giving rise to disease and mortality outbreaks in free-ranging dolphins and whales. This “Perspective article” deals with the evolutionary “trajectories” of this viral pathogen, supposedly originating from, or otherwise sharing a common progenitor with Rinderpest Virus, along with its journey from land to sea (and viceversa), mimicking that of cetaceans' terrestrial ancestors
Molecular signatures in cetacean morbillivirus and host species proteomes: Unveiling the evolutionary dynamics of an enigmatic pathogen?
Full text linkCetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infects marine mammals often causing a fatal respiratory and neurological disease. Recently, CeMV has expanded its geographic and host species range, with cases being reported worldwide among dolphins, whales, seals, and other aquatic mammalian species, and therefore has emerged as the most threatening nonanthropogenic factor affecting marine mammal's health and conservation. Extensive research efforts have aimed to understand CeMV epidemiology and ecology, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its transmission and pathogenesis are still poorly understood. In particular, the field suffers from a knowledge gap on the structural and functional properties of CeMV proteins and their host interactors. Nevertheless, the body of scientific literature produced in recent years has inaugurated new investigational trends, driving future directions in CeMV molecular research. In this mini-review, the most recent literature has been summarized in the context of such research trends, and categorized into four priority research topics, such as (1) the interaction between CeMV glycoprotein and its host cell receptors across several species; (2) the CeMV molecular determinants responsible for different disease phenotype; (3) the host molecular determinants responsible for differential susceptibility to CeMV infection; (4) the CeMV molecular determinants responsible for difference virulence among circulating CeMV strains. Arguably, these are the most urgent topics that need to be investigated and that most promisingly will help to shed light on the details of CeMV evolutionary dynamics in the immediate future
Comparative Immunology of Marine Mammals (Research Topic and e.Book)
No full textThis Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of marine mammal immunology, with a particular emphasis on structural and functional studies at the protein and cellular level. This monographic collection aims to help gain more data regarding: a) The characterization of the immune system in several species of marine mammals, i.e. cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians; b) The interplay between the host's immune system and the most relevant pathogens, e.g., Morbillivirus, Brucella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii and c) The possible interplay between the immune system and environmental contaminants
Guest Editorial: Comparative Immunology of Marine Mammals
No full textIl contributo in oggetto è il "Guest Editorial" che apre il "Research Topic" dall'omonimo titolo ("Comparative Immunology of Marine Mammals"), di prossima pubblicazione sulla Rivista "Frontiers in Immunology"
Toxoplasma gondii: Clues From Stranded Dolphins
Full text linkThis is a Letter to the Editor, with no abstract being available for it.[...
La realizzazione di un Sistema Informativo Territoriale in ambito geomorfologico: il Foglio "Belluno" del progetto CARG
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