180 research outputs found
Dialogical Relationships between ""the Authorial Reader"" and ""the Narrative Reader"" in Reading of Fiction (I) : Considering Rabinowitz & Smith's Authorizing Readers as a Pedagogical Theory for Teaching of Fictions
No full textIn this Paper, Peter Rabinowitz and Michael Smith's Authorizing Readers (1997) was considered as a fundamental work for teaching of fictional texts. Rabinowitz and Smith emphasized the dialogical relationships between ""the authorial reader"" and ""the narrative reader"" in reading acts of a practical reader. Rabinowitz argued that if readers failed to playing either ""the authorial reader"" or ""the narrative reader"", they would take any misreadings such that what he called ""Quixotic"" or ""Emma-Bovary"" or ""Blimberism."" On the other hand, Smith argued if readers wouldn't play as ""the narrative reader"" but as ""the authorial reader,"" they couldn't get the point of the story, and couldn't respect not only characters and narrator, but also the author of the story. Rabinowitz also emphasized the rhetoric of fragile texts, and suggested that we teachers of fictions must resist what he called ""the Doctorine of the Macho Text,"" and consider the fragilities of fictional texts for comprehending any other reader's comprehention. In conclusion, some suggestions for reconstructioning teaching and learning of fictions were suggested as follows; 1) For respect to the author, we must recognize the effectiveness of ""the authorial reader"" concept in reading act. ; 2) For respect to the narrators and the fictional characters, we must develop literary reading process founded by the triadic relations with practical reader, ""the authorial reader"" and ""the narrative reader""; 3) For respect any other peer-readers, we should develop teaching practices holding perspectives to fragilities of fictional texts
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Beyond Two Worlds: Jaguar Consciousness in Contemporary Chiapas Maya Narrative
No full textContemporary Chiapas Maya literature expresses a jaguar consciousness. The figure of the jaguar, from ancient glyphs to contemporary narratives, suggests a symbolic meaning of this sacred being as a communicant with the spirit world and a signifier of literacy. This dissertation shows how the jaguar in today’s Chiapas Maya narrative symbolizes a portal to other consciousnesses, something the power of words can also achieve, including written words whose lives may surpass those of their authors. Jaguars embody the expanse of the universe. As zoologist Alan Rabinowitz states, “The jaguar exploits virtually every dimension of its surroundings” (2014 170). Ancient Mayas felt a strong connection to the jaguar as a creature that helps maintain balance, transcending earth and sky, day and night, death and life. The twins Jun Ajpu and Xb’alanke, who die and come back to life in the K’iche’ Maya book Popol Wuj, carry a sense of jaguar identity, and they similarly transcend different levels of existence. The twins are said to be k’ab’awil, a word conveying the idea of two visions, a double gaze allowing them to see into other realms. Gloria Chacón examines k’ab’awil in her book Indigenous Cosmolectics, where she defines it, citing Guatemalan scholar Adrián Inés Chávez, as “two visions at the same time” or a “doble mirada / double gaze” (2018 15).My dissertation focuses on four prominent Chiapas Maya writers: Josías López Gómez (Tseltal), and Petrona de la Cruz Cruz, Nicolás Huet Bautista, and Mikel Ruiz (all Tsotsil). In his analysis of López Gómez’s novel Te’eltik ants/ Mujer de la montaña, Ruiz identifies the character Martín as a reflection of the author and sees Martín’s fictional death as a symbolic authorial suicide. The other three authors, including Ruiz himself, have engaged in similar symbolic suicide. Their later works, however, tend to explore more favorable outcomes. Analyzing their narratives in the context of growing Indigenous openness and engagement with worldwide political and academic discourse, I argue that like the Popol Wuj twins, the writers take on the role of expanding their consciousness and transcending death. In both their words and their actions, these Maya writers develop a k’ab’awil jaguar consciousness, providing the vision to show resurrected potential for maintaining Indigenous values in a changing world
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Analyzing ancient Maya settlement spaces : integrating existing data and geophysical survey to understand creation of space in ancient Maya spatial patterns
No full textCreation of space is complex and multilayered. When societies or groups make or construct space it can represent or reflect a variable host of characteristics of a given culture or people including but not limited to political, symbolic, ritual, social, practical, functional, and traditional aspects. All of these attributes create patterns that are observable across the landscape and in the archaeological record in both the visible and invisible remains. This dissertation examines and compares the aspects of the built and the buried environment that create those settlement and spatial patterns. Where previously discussed, with regard to ancient Maya site comparison, the research focus has been on small, individual sites and their relationships to their respective larger centers. This dissertation employs the novel approach of comparing the smaller sites of Las Abejas, Medicinal Trail, and Tzak Naab in northwest Belize to one another. I also scrutinize the reflection of social organization status disparities, and social traditions as they present in the spatial patterns. In order to do this, I identified and defined the relevant site planning approaches and aspects and then analyzed each site by incorporating new geophysical survey data with years’ worth of existing datasets, and both new and existing survey and mapping data. Evaluation and comparison of the datasets garnered both expected and unexpected information. Each site, while unique, was similar. Comparisons were recognized in terms of layout and organizational characteristics, resource availability and access, structural design, groupings, and shape, visible and invisible signs of social disparity, and visible and invisible indications of shared traditions which were then connected to modern populations through ethnographic correlates. This type of information is available not only from the sites chosen for this research endeavor, but also from a number of sites across the realm of the ancient Maya. The utilization of such datasets shows how minimal investigation and limited information can be used to analyze, contextualize, and compare sites, and allow for comparisons and connections to be made across regions and time periods connecting the past and the present through the identification and analysis of the visible and the invisible patterns.Anthropolog
A General Equilibrium Model for Philippine Agricultural Policy Analysis
No full textThis article has been presented at the Workshop on Methods for Agricultural Policy Analysis held at the UP Los Baños on August 13-14, 1985. It outlines the features of the computable general equilibrium developed by the author and describes the modifications undertaken to fit the model into agricultural policy analysis. This is in the hope of addressing limitations of the original model.computable general equilibrium (CGE), agriculture sector, econometric modeling
A General Equilibrium Model for Philippine Agricultural Policy Analysis
No full textThis article has been presented at the Workshop on Methods for Agricultural Policy Analysis held at the UP Los Baños on August 13-14, 1985. It outlines the features of the computable general equilibrium developed by the author and describes the modifications undertaken to fit the model into agricultural policy analysis. This is in the hope of addressing limitations of the original model.computable general equilibrium (CGE), agriculture sector, econometric modeling
Unambiguous full multinuclear NMR assignment of 4-amino-1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro[2.2]paracycylophane & NMR differentiation of its enantiomers, and related compounds
No full textFor the first time the full multinuclear ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹⁹F assignments were established for 4-amino-1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10-octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane (OFP-NH2). These were achieved by using a combination of 1D, COSY, and HETCOR NMR techniques. The assignments were later confirmed by nOe experiments. The interaction of OFP-NH₂ with different chiral shift reagents was explored, and it was shown that it is possible to clearly detect both enantiomers of the planar chiral OFP-NH₂ (in both the ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR). This method of chiral discrimination was also shown to be applicable to other similar chiral OFP derivatives.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Sheryl Rabinowit
TRUTH WITHIN FICTION: The Relationship between Stories and Outgroup Prejudice
No full textA considerable body of research has demonstrated that after reading a story about a marginalized group, people exhibit less prejudice towards members of that group. Because narratives have the ability to suspend our disbelief, transport us into the world of the story, and connect us to the protagonist, they hold promise as an effective tool for prejudice reduction. However, there have been few investigations into the long-term effects of this finding. The following studies seek to examine whether a lifetime of reading stories about racial outgroup members predicts generally lower prejudice towards that outgroup. In Study 1, we develop and validate a scale (the RART) that can be used to measure an individual’s reading practices with regards to the race of characters that they typically read about. In Study 2, we examine the relationship between participants’ reading practices and their anti-Black prejudice. We also examine whether Theory of Mind might constitute a mediating variable in this relationship. The results indicate that people who read more books about Black characters hold lower levels of anti-Black bias, both implicitly and explicitly, but that Theory of Mind does not mediate this connection. Future work may seek to examine whether a causal long-term relationship exists between reading stories about outgroup members and prejudice reduction towards those outgroups
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