1,721,411 research outputs found
Resistance to peer group pressure: an inadequate basis for alcohol education
No full textThis paper explores the notion of ‘peer group pressure’ as it has been deployed in educational interventions on alcohol for adolescents. It is argued that ‘peer group pressure’ is an inadequate explanation for youthful alcohol use and that interventions formulated around the inculcation of resistance to peer group norms must inevitably be at variance with the everyday experience of those at whom such interventions are aimed. The paper argues that a reformulation of the concept of ‘peer group pressure’ opens up its positive features and that these offer a strong base for a new range of educational initiatives
Disclosure of terminal prognoses in a general hospital: the nurse's view
No full textSome of the issues which nurses confront when they deal with the disclosure of terminal diagnoses and prognoses to patients are explored In such circumstances, the nurse must respond to the competing demands of patients, relatives and medical staff The paper examines the way in which a group of experienced staff nurses in a general hospital accounted for their activities during and after the disclosure of a lethal diagnosis In particular, it explores the ways in which nurses are included or excluded from decision making about disclosure by medical staf
Invited review: a burning issue? adolescent alcohol use in Britain 1970-1991
No full textA review is presented of British research related to alcohol use and misuse by adolescents in the period 1970 to 1991. The stability of alcohol use among this age group is emphasised by a succession of studies which indicate the normality of alcohol consumption among its members, most of whom drink in moderation. It is noted that a succession of 'moral panics' amplified in the popular media have led to public concern about an 'epidemic' of alcohol misuse by young people, but that research evidence does not sustain this popular supposition. Nevertheless, the available evidence does support the conclusion that alcohol misuse is a major problem for a small proportion of young people
Research on nurse-patient relationships: problems of theory, problems of practice
No full textResearch, theoretical and educational literature on interpersonal relations between nurses and patients has proliferated since the 1960s This has generated a range of divergent accounts of what the nurse-patient relationship (NPR) ought to be, how this should be achieved, and how the NPR is constituted in practice In this paper — through a selective review of the literature — the development of two contending perspectives on NPR and on nurse - patient interaction (NPI) characterized as technocratic and contextual, is discussed, and related to the increasingly problematic status of the relationship between nurses and patients in nursing theory and research
Control policies and youthful alcohol misuse: effecting normative change?
No full textAlthough alcohol misuse amongst adolescents and young adults commands much public and political attention, it presents considerable problems associated with its prevention. A review is presented of preventative policies, and it is argued that those which impact on the structure of alcohol use, rather than on individual attitudes or values, have a demonstrably greater degree of success.<br/
Individual care? power and subjectivity in therapeutic relationships
No full textIdeas about interpersonal relations between health care practitioners and their clients have been radically reformulated over the past two decades. In the face of critiques of the ways in which health care systems objectified the populations which they served, a new vocabulary - stressing holistic and personal care - has become thoroughly accommodated within health professions. This paper examines the ways in which this new definition of the patient raises questions about power and control in health care. The paper takes as a concrete example the practices involved in the nursing care of the terminally ill. However, at a general level the arguments advanced here may be applied to a range of health and welfare professions
Perceptions of self, self-esteem, and the adolescent smoker
No full textAdolescent tobacco use remains a key problem in health education and health promotion. The continuing growth of youthful smoking and other substance use is often explained by appeal to global psychological variables such as self- esteem, where the young smoker is assumed to smoke, drink, or take drugs to compensate for low levels of self-esteem. This paper sets out a brief critique of the deployment of 'self-esteem' as a global variable in understanding adolescent smoking, and argues for a more complex vision of self-identity as a means of connecting young people's ideas about themselves with their concrete health behaviours
Commentary. K. Gournay Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing, (1999) 3, 1–3, guest editorial. The future of nursing research will be better served by a shift to quantitative methodologies
No full textSubjectivity and culpability in the constitution of nurse-patient relationships
No full textThe development and implementation of new modes of organizing nursing work, such as primary nursing, stress the quality of interpersonal relationships between nurses and their patients. It is important to recognize, however, that such relationships are inherently problematic. This paper explores, from a sociological perspective, nurses' orientations to interpersonal relations with patients and examines some of the sources of their problematic features
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