81 research outputs found
We didn\u27t know it was that bad: Unearthing parent perspectives on Universal Pre-K policy
No full textFamilies are the ultimate recipients of the effects of policy, but seldom get a seat at the policymaking table. This study investigated how parents perceive the impacts of unequal teacher compensation policies on New York City’s (NYC) Universal Pre-K (UPK) expansion. Utilizing Bronfenbrenner\u27s (1979) ecological systems theory and Schneider and Ingram’s (1993) theory of social construction and policy design to create a rich conceptual framework, this qualitative study analyzed parents\u27 voices through document and social media discourse analysis expanding from 2014 to 2021, and semi-structured interviews (n=15). Participants reflected the demographic diversity found in NYC, the largest school system in the country. The data analysis occurred in three sequential stages: (a) content analysis of documents, (b) thematic analysis of interview data, and (c) compilation of findings from these analyses to draw comprehensive conclusions. Findings revealed that while parents had limited engagement with policy, they were able to articulate the detrimental effects of compensation policies—particularly the effect of teacher turnover on their daily lives—with a disproportional effect on parents of racially minoritized backgrounds or living in low-income neighborhoods. The rich interviews unearthed the dissonance between the policy’s intent and its effect on perpetuating racial and socio-economic biases. Recommendations for advocacy and engagement are provided
Policy Effects on New York City Early Education Centers: Ecological Case Studies
No full textNYC’s universal Pre-K (PKFA) was implemented through New York Early Education Centers (NYCEECs) and public schools, without considering compensation parity across settings. This study investigates the impact of unequal compensation policies on the experiences of directors, teachers, and parents affiliated with NYCEECs, and how they compare or contrast with the policymakers’ discourse around those policies. While other studies have investigated the PKFA implementation (Akaba et al., 2019; Falk & Souto-Manning, 2020; Fuller & Leibovitz, 2021a; Reid et al., 2019), none have privileged the ecology of those working at and attending NYCEECs. Through critical policy analysis, this study utilized Bronfenbrenner\u27s (1979) ecological systems theory and Schneider and Ingram\u27s (1993) social construction and policy design theory to understand how policies privilege some groups over others. Data was collected from relevant documents from 2014 to 2020 and interviews with directors, teachers, study plan teachers, and parents (n=40). Findings revealed a dissonance between policymakers\u27 conceptualization of the PKFA implementation and the reality in practice. Compensation disparities in the system caused and continue to cause educator turnover and issues of quality. Specifically, the study revealed that the salary sub-parity passed by policymakers in 2019 had a minimal effect on the sustainability of the ECE system in NYC. There continue to be structural 2 differences in compensation and work conditions that threaten the survival of NYCEECs, and ultimately impact children and families. These disparities have been exacerbated by the pandemic. This study recommends reforms that include true parity and equal work conditions across settings
We didn\u27t know it was that bad: Unearthing parent perspectives on Universal Pre-K policy
No full textFamilies are the ultimate recipients of the effects of policy, but seldom get a seat at the policymaking table. This study investigated how parents perceive the impacts of unequal teacher compensation policies on New York City’s (NYC) Universal Pre-K (UPK) expansion. Utilizing Bronfenbrenner\u27s (1979) ecological systems theory and Schneider and Ingram’s (1993) theory of social construction and policy design to create a rich conceptual framework, this qualitative study analyzed parents\u27 voices through document and social media discourse analysis expanding from 2014 to 2021, and semi-structured interviews (n=15). Participants reflected the demographic diversity found in NYC, the largest school system in the country. The data analysis occurred in three sequential stages: (a) content analysis of documents, (b) thematic analysis of interview data, and (c) compilation of findings from these analyses to draw comprehensive conclusions. Findings revealed that while parents had limited engagement with policy, they were able to articulate the detrimental effects of compensation policies—particularly the effect of teacher turnover on their daily lives—with a disproportional effect on parents of racially minoritized backgrounds or living in low-income neighborhoods. The rich interviews unearthed the dissonance between the policy’s intent and its effect on perpetuating racial and socio-economic biases. Recommendations for advocacy and engagement are provided
Parent Perspectives on Early Childhood Education Integration
No full textFormer Mayor De Blasio made the expansion of 3-K for All and Pre-K for All a top priority of his administration. In its re-procurement of contracts for community-based early childhood education providers, the De Blasio administration’s Department of Education made it a priority for programs to “foster socio-economic integration at the classroom level.” Mayor Eric L. Adams has spoken of his own experience being educated in segregated schools and has called for students to be exposed to more diverse environments (Shapiro, 2021). It is up to his administration to implement the changes that will foster desegregation in New York City’s early childhood education system.
To achieve these laudable goals, the voices of parents and families whose children attend early childhood programs have not been heard. Research shows that consideration of parents\u27 perspectives on integration is critical to the success of integration efforts (Stuart Wells, Fox, & Cordova-Cobo, 2016). This paper highlights voices from New York City’s parents(1) on their experience and opinions on the integration of early childhood education
Price caps, efficiency payoffs, and infrastructure contract renegotiation in Latin America
No full textTwenty years ago, as the United Kingdom was getting ready to launch the privatization of its public services, Professor Littlechild developed and operationalized the concept of price caps as a regulatory regime to control for residual monopoly conditions in those services. Ten years later, Latin American countries, as they embarked into their own infrastructure reforms, also adopted the price cap regulatory model. Relying on a large data base on the factors driving contract renegotiation in the region and a survey of the literature on efficiency gains, the authors assess the impact of this regulatory regime in Latin America. They show that while the expected efficiency gains were amply achieved, these gains were seldom passed on to the users. Instead they were shared by the government and the firms. Moreover, the adoption of price caps implied higher costs of capital and hence, tariffs, and brought down levels of investment.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Decentralization,Labor Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Water Supply and Sanitation Participation,Community Participation in Water Supply and Sanitation
La funcion de los pecados capitales en los autos sacramentales de Calderon de la Barca
No full text"El proposito de esta tesis es observar el uso de los siete pecados capitales en algunos autos sacramentales de Calderon de la Barca. Los siguientes son los autos analizados: ""El pleito matrimonial del cuerpo y el alma"", ""El gran teatro del mundo"", ""El gran mercado del mundo"", ""Los encantos de la culpa"", ""El Ano Santo de Roma"", ""El Ano Santo en Madrid"", ""La primer flor del Carmelo"", ""El primer refugio del hombre y probatica piscina"", ""A Maria el corazon"", ""El jardin de Falerina"" y ""La serpiente de mental"". Ademas, he incluido la loa a ""El indulto general""."En el primer capitulo presento la base teorica de los pecados capitales. Utilizando el estudio que santo Tomas de Aquino hace en la Suma teologica, observo el estado de este sistema de pecados en la Espana de la Contrarreforma. A continuacion, comparo las ideas del Aquinate con las presentaciones sobre estos pecados hechas para el pueblo espanol por algunos moralistas de la epoca. Se observa, con esta comparacion, que la soberbia y la vanagloria se toman dentro de un mismo grupo y que la acidia ha pasado a ser la pereza ya que se relaciona con el esfuerzo fisico. En general, se matienen las ideas de santo Tomas, a excepcion de los cambios anteriormente anotados.En los capitulos siguientes, observo la representacion alegorica que Calderon hace en los autos sacramentales antes mencionados del sistema en general y de cada uno de los pecados en particular.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Governance and economic growth
No full textBecause protection of property rights cannot be appropriated by any individual, it is widely recognized as being the state's responsibility. Moreover, recent empirical evidence suggests that protection of property rights leads to higher investment levels and faster growth. The extent of property rights protection differs significantly across countries. The author integrates the emergence of property rights within a simple growth framework. Drawing on North (1990), he presents a model where economic performance and enforcement of property rights may reinforce each other.Initial conditions determine the economy's convergence to a high-income or a low-income steady state. Existing empirical evidence offers tentative support for this theory.Judicial System Reform,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Common Property Resource Development,Economic Theory&Research,Inequality,Common Property Resource Development,Environmental Economics&Policies,Governance Indicators
The AWAKE Run 2 programme and beyond
No full textAutores: Edda Gschwendtner, Konstantin Lotov, Patric Muggli, Matthew Wing, Riccardo Agnello, Claudia Christina Ahdida, Maria Carolina Amoedo Goncalves, Yanis Andrebe, Oznur Apsimon, Robert Apsimon, Jordan Matias Arnesano, Anna-Maria Bachmann, Diego Barrientos, Fabian Batsch, Vittorio Bencini, Michele Bergamaschi, Patrick Blanchard, Philip Nicholas Burrows, Birger Buttenschön, Allen Caldwell, James Chappell, Eric Chevallay, Moses Chung, David Andrew Cooke, Heiko Damerau, Can Davut, Gabor Demeter, Amos Christopher Dexter, Steffen Doebert, Francesa Ann Elverson, John Farmer, Ambrogio Fasoli, Valentin Fedosseev, Ricardo Fonseca, Ivo Furno, Spencer Gessner, Aleksandr Gorn, Eduardo Granados, Marcel Granetzny, Tim Graubner, Olaf Grulke, Eloise Daria Guran, Vasyl Hafych, Anthony Hartin, James Henderson, Mathias Hüther, Miklos Kedves, Fearghus Keeble, Vadim Khudiakov, Seong-Yeol Kim, Florian Kraus, Michel Krupa, Thibaut Lefevre, Linbo Liang, Shengli Liu, Nelson Lopes, Miguel Martinez Calderon, Stefano Mazzoni, David Medina Godoy, Joshua Moody, Kookjin Moon, Pablo Israel Morales Guzmán, Mariana Moreira, Tatiana Nechaeva, Elzbieta Nowak, Collette Pakuza, Harsha Panuganti, Ans Pardons, Kevin Pepitone, Aravinda Perera, Jan Pucek, Alexander Pukhov, Rebecca Louise Ramjiawan, Stephane Rey, Adam Scaachi, Oliver Schmitz, Eugenio Senes, Fernando Silva, Luis Silva, Christine Stollberg, Alban Sublet, Catherine Swain, Athanasios Topaloudis, Nuno Torrado, Petr Tuev, Marlene Turner, Francesco Velotti, Livio Verra, Victor Verzilov, Jorge Vieira, Helmut Vincke, Martin Weidl, Carsten Welsch, Manfred Wendt, Peerawan Wiwattananon, Joseph Wolfenden, Benjamin Woolley, Samuel Wyler, Guoxing Xia, Vlada Yarygova, Michael Zepp, Giovanni Zevi Della Porta. ::: Publisher: [MDPI] ::: Location: [
What Happened to the Creative in the Creative Curriculum?
No full textThis empirically-grounded commentary questions the basis for New York City Public Schools’ (NYCPS) adoption of the Teaching Strategies products—the Creative Curriculum (CC) and Teaching Strategies GOLD—as the mandated curriculum and assessment systems for early childhood education (ECE) programs administered by the New York City Public Schools. In an analysis shaped by our hybrid positionalities as early childhood educators, parents, policy makers, and researchers, we argue that this decision is a local case of neoliberalism’s simultaneous narrowing of educational quality and a transfer of public funding into private hands under the guise of the free market. Our commentary, which is augmented by examples from our research and practice, begins with an overview of New York City’s (NYC) ECE system, contextualized within national systems issues in ECE. This provides important framing for discussing the evolution of NYC’s ECE curricula and assessment as the city expanded its public preschool programs. We end by considering how U.S. ECE was ensnared by the Global Education Reform Movement (GERM), sounding a call to action for scholars, advocates, and educators to mobilize against a (seemingly) unassailable GERM through organizing and coalition-building.
Urban infrastructure finance from private operators : what have we learned from recent experience ?
No full textThe author examines the role of private participation in infrastructure (PPI) in mobilizing finance for key urban services, that is, urban roads, municipal solid waste management, and water and sanitation since the early 1990s when private participation came to be seen as a key element in infrastructure development. Her review indicates that for financing urban services, PPI has disappointed-playing a far less significant role than was hoped for, and which might be expected given the attention it has received and continues to receive in strategies to mobilize financing for infrastructure. Looking beyond the number, the author examines transactions and finds that there are good reasons-practical, political, economic and institutional-for these disappointments. Recommending that cities in developing countries try harder is not likely to relieve all these constraints. Experience shows that there are a number of features that raise the risk profile of urban infrastructure for private investors, which has meant that the bulk of the transactions that have taken place have been exceptions rather than harbingers of a growing trend. Many of the measures that could reduce the risk profile are outside the control of many cities, others unlikely to change, and yet another group of steps to be taken that would improve prospects for urban service provision, whether in the hands of public or private operators. These findings suggest a more pragmatic and selective approach to the focus on PPI as a source of finance, and more focus on the array of some of the fundamental steps, among them strengthening the public finances of cities to improve both the capacity to deliver services and to reduce the risks that private investors must take when they invest in urban infrastructure.Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Non Bank Financial Institutions,Urban Slums Upgrading,Urban Services to the Poor
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