4 research outputs found
THE HARMONY OF HUMAN BEING, NATURE AND THE CREATOR: A STUDY ON OMAHA AND MINAHASA CULTIVATION SONGS
No full textSince this study is based on interdisciplinary studies, American Studies theories
Reconcilliation of Time, Reconciliation of Discipline and Reconciliation of Space
proposed by Tremaine McDowell and Micro to Macro proprosed Leo Marx are applied
beside the literary theories, Semiotic suggested by Roland Barthes and the theory of
interpreting folklore introduced by Alan Dundes. Comparative theory proposed by
Hurskainen is also utilized. This research is a qualitative research implementing
descriptive analytical method. Data are gathered through library research. Primary data
are the cultivation songs from Omaha of Native America entitled The Ritual of the Maize
and Minahasa of North Sulawesi entitled New Rice. Secondary data are the social,
cultural and historical background of those two societies, especially on cultivation or
agricultural activities.
Folksong is a part of the communities preserved as the identity and passed on
through generations in oral or customary forms. The objectives of this study are to
comprehend with the meaning of the songs particularly cultivation song which is utilized
in cultivation ceremonies of two societies: Omaha of American Indian and Minahasa of
North Sulawesi, to compare them and to show how songs inter-correlated with the whole
elements exists in the universe. Having analyzed the data, it can be concluded that the
songs are functioned as prayer, encouragement and tradition keeper. The songs initiated
to create harmony of the Creator and His creations. The cultivation activities starting
from the spreading of seeds, the growth of the plant and the harvest are symbolizing the
stages of life. The life which has given by the Creator and it should be used for creating
another life. In that way the process of life continuity can be maintained and the harmony
of the universe can be sustained
Pelatihan Penulisan Paragraf Deskriptif Menggunakan Graphic Organizers
No full textAda 2 jenis keterampilan berbahasa yang harus dikuasai oleh pelajar yaitu ketrampilan pasif dan produktif. Keterampilan produktif adalah berbicara dan menulis. Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, kecapan berbicara dan menulis sangat sukar dikuasai oleh pelajar. Hal ini juga dialami oleh pelajar di Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Ikhtus Wilayah Manado Barat Daya. Untuk mengatasinya, diberikan pelatihan menulis esai dalam bentuk paragraf yaitu paragraph deskriptif dengan menerapkan graphic organizers (GO). Pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut dilakukan beberapa tahap selama 6 bulan. Kegiatan ini memberikan penjelasan tentang menulis paragraph dan strukturnya, paragraphs deskriptif dan strukturnya serta bagaimana struktur paragraph deskriptif diterapkan pada alat pembelajaran grafis yang visual atau graphic organizers. Peran alat belajar tersebut sebagai brainstorming untuk mempermudah pelajar mengingat elemen-elemen pada paragraph descriptive. Paragraph deskriptif yang diajarkan adalah menggambarkan orang. Hasil menunjukkan graphic organizers yang disesuaikan dengan ciri-ciri paragraph deskriptif membantu siswa untuk menulis esai sesuai elemen penyusunnya
Black violence and the politics of representation: selected readings in the twentieth century American novel
No full textPhDThis thesis argues that the representation of black violence in the twentieth
century American novel is shaped by two principal rhetorical strategies, which I term
denial and demonisation. Denial refers to modes of literary discourse which seek to refute
the possibility of black violence, or to circumscribe it as an exclusively intraracial
phenomenon. Demonisation denotes textual strategies which figure a racially determined
form of violence as a natural element of black character. These strategies may appear
antithetical, but they are rarely deployed in isolation. Rather, they appear in complex
combinations in most representations of black violence in American literature, as I
demonstrate using a range of novels by black and white authors which span the twentieth
century. These strategies have their roots in racist ideologies which seek to obliterate any
connection between the impact of racism upon African Americans and black violence.
Hence they are most noticeable in literary texts which reflect and contribute to racist
ideology. However, texts which seek to expose social and cultural causes of black
violence are also unavoidably influenced by these modes of literary discourse, and this
includes the work of African American authors. They have to negotiate the racist tropes
and assumptions encoded within the language and literary forms of hegemonic American
culture, because they have no alternative, completely separate resources for cultural
production. External pressures experienced by any author representing black violence
compound these difficulties. These include the demands of black community leaders and
white liberals not to represent African Americans in ways which may hinder the cause of
racial equality, and the demands of publishers to represent black violence in ways with
proven commercial potential. Furthermore, despite the retreat of racism in modern
America, certain images and fantasies of blackness retain a hold over the American
cultural imaginary, and continue to influence literary discourse. As my thesis
demonstrates, this ensures that denial and demonisation can still be detected in
contemporary American novels
The Persistence of Minimalism
No full textThe following work develops a new and general theory of minimalism – one addressing both its transhistorical and interdisciplinary dimensions, and capable of accounting for existing minimalism of every epoch and in every medium, while suitably open to embrace minimalist work yet to be created. To offer such a theory it is necessary not only to revisit the histories of minimalist practice and criticism, but also to consider its radical philosophical ground and implications. Hence its principal thesis – that minimalism exemplifies the persistence and facticity of the Real – grapples at once with the ontological heart of minimalist theory, and its practical instantiation through canonical as well as rarely considered examples. Divided into three parts, the first part addresses minimalism as the manifestation of particular aesthetic properties in relation to critical and theoretical trends. Since it becomes apparent that no single descriptive or theoretical account adequately frames minimalism, the discussion turns to the possibility of discovering a philosophical ground equally radical to the minimalist objects it addresses. The Real – an indifferent field of forces from which contingent entities are subtracted from within an irreversible temporal passage – offers precisely this radical continuum. Minimalism, by exposing the continuity between radical poiesis and an essentially quantitative understanding of Being, clarifies the indifferent persistence of the Real in every existential situation. Penetrating to the heart of this proposition, parts two and three respectively address minimalism in terms of its quantitative logic of Being – every exemplary subtraction from which is instantiated a type of existential calculation – and its exemplary aesthetic manifestation in terms of an existential transumption – a constructive poietic displacement by which minimalism renders itself maximally intelligible in terms of its objecthood and persistence. The work concludes with a typology which reorients and confirms the substance of the preceding argumentation
