17 research outputs found
Observational fear learning involves affective pain system and Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels in ACC
No full textFear can be acquired vicariously through social observation of others suffering from aversive stimuli. We found that mice (observers) developed freezing behavior by observing other mice (demonstrators) receive repetitive foot shocks. Observers had higher fear responses when demonstrators were socially related to themselves, such as siblings or mating partners. Inactivation of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and parafascicular or mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, which comprise the medial pain system representing pain affection, substantially impaired this observational fear learning, whereas inactivation of sensory thalamic nuclei had no effect. The ACC neuronal activities were increased and synchronized with those of the lateral amygdala at theta rhythm frequency during this learning. Furthermore, an ACC-limited deletion of Ca(v)1.2 Ca2+ channels in mice impaired observational fear learning and reduced behavioral pain responses. These results demonstrate the functional involvement of the affective pain system and Ca(v)1.2 channels of the ACC in observational social fear
Nutritional Characteristics Of Linseeds/Flaxseeds (Linum Usitatissimum),and its Application in Bakery Product
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
The translation of identity in the satanic verses: a love song to our mongrel selves
No full textThis thesis examines the translation of character identities within Salman Rushdie's novel, The Satanic Verses, and seeks to demonstrate how the dynamics of translating a text can be used as a model for discussing the transformations of characters within the book. Rushdie uses the term "translation" as a metaphor for the migrant experience of uprootedness that is a result of being "borne across" from one culture to another. From it, however, can be derived a metaphor for the universal experience of alienation that is a part of our shared humanity, and which describes the process of responding to a sense of "otherness" within ourselves and within a pluralistic culture. The framework which will be used to examine characters within The Satanic Verses responding to such conditions is George Steiner's translation hermeneutic outlined and discussed In his book. After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation. The Introduction will set the context for the use of the term "translation”. Chapter One will discuss Steiner's position within translation theory and Rushdie's affinity to it as well as explain the basic translation model. Chapters Two through Five will look closely at Rushdie's text, analyzing the two protagonists, Gibreel and Saladin, as they undergo, or fail to undergo, the translation process. Finally, the conclusion will suggest that the Rushdie affair engendered by this novel is, ironically, a linguistic debate provoked by a text that urges its readers to be translated. By making its readers acutely aware of what is "other" to them, the The Satanic Verses proposes and attempts to answer a single, profoundly religious, question: "How are we to live in the world?
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from 5 days old mouse hippocampus are multipotent.
No full text<p>These NPCs can proliferate and self-renew in culture, as demonstrated by the expression of proliferation marker, Ki67 and the standard NPCs markers, Nestin, Sox2, BLBP and Vimentin (A). All DAPI positive cells are positive for Nestin and the dividing cells are labeled with EdU (B). Scale bar = 20 µm.</p
Effects of taurine treatment on proliferation of P5 hippocampal stem/progenitor cells.
No full text<p>Cells were treated with five different concentrations (10 µM, 100 µM, 500 µM, 2.5 mM and 5 mM) of taurine for 48 h and labeled with EdU (10 µM) in the last 3 h of incubation. Data are presented as percentage of EdU positive cells normalized to control (A). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * <i>P</i><0.05 and ** <i>P</i><0.01. Representative microscopic images showing EdU-labeled P5 hippocampal progenitor cells in control (<i>left panel</i>) and taurine treated groups (<i>right panel</i>)) (B). Scale bar = 20 µm.</p
The relative percentage of the effect of taurine on synaptic puncta and protein levels.
No full text<p>Taurine was added to the primary neurons on day 2 and the neurons were then fixed and processed at day 9 and 15. The quantification of synapsin 1 and PSD 95 positive puncta was done by measuring the number of puncta per µm. Data are presented as percentages normalized to the control (100%) ± SEM and puncta from at least 20 different neurons of each batch from at least three repeated experiments were quantified. Taurine treatment significantly increased the number of Synapsin 1 (A) and PSD 95 (B) puncta. Representative images show synapsin 1 (<i>top panel</i>) and PSD 95 puncta (<i>bottom panel</i>) respectively (C). The protein levels of synapsin 1 (D) and PSD95 (E) in protein lysates in primary neurons were shown using western blotting analysis (D-F). Data were normalized with total protein levels of α-tubulin. * <i>P</i><0.05 and ** <i>P</i><0.01. Scale bar = 1 µm.</p
Effects of taurine treatment on cell differentiation.
No full text<p> EdU labeling and differentiated cell markers (DCX labels neurons and GFAP labels astrocytes) were used to assess the differentiation and fate choice of newly generated cells in NPCs and in DG of cultured hippocampal slices. Representative images of cultured P5 hippocampal stem/progenitor cells treated with taurine (100 µM) and allowed to differentiate for 5 days before fixation for immunohistochemical processing (A). Quantitative analysis of cells positive for EdU and DCX or GFAP indicating that the percentage of DCX or GFAP was not altered by taurine treatment (B). Representative images showing cells positive for EdU and DCX or GFAP in DG of hippocampal slices (C and D). Quantitative analysis of cells positive for EdU and DCX or GFAP in the dentate gyrus indicating that the percentage of DCX or GFAP was not altered by taurine treatment (E). All quantitative data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Scale bar = 20 µm.</p
Effects of taurine treatment on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of embryonic hippocampus.
No full text<p>The embryonic brains were fixed at E-17. EdU intensity was measured for 6–7 identical sections per brain and at least 5–6 fetuses were used. The data of the percentage changes in EdU intensity are presented as mean ± SEM. (A). Representative images showing EdU-labeled cells (red) in the dentate gyrus of control (<i>left panel</i>) and taurine treated groups (<i>right panel</i>) (B). <i>P</i>>0.05, Scale bar = 20 µm.</p
Effects of taurine treatment on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of cultured hippocampal slices.
No full text<p>EdU labeling was used to assess cell proliferation. The culture medium was changed to serum free condition on day 7 and taurine was added to the medium on day 9. EdU (10 µM) was added to the culture medium at day 11 and the slices were fixed and processed for EdU staining on day 17. Numbers of EdU positive cells in dentate gyrus were analyzed and the data are presented as mean ± SEM. (* <i>P</i><0.05) (A). Images showing EdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus of control (upper <i>panel</i>) and taurine treated groups (lower <i>panel</i>) (B). SGZ and GCL denote subgranular zone and granule cell layer respectively. Scale bar = 20 µm.</p
