51 research outputs found
THE DATA AND SERVICES ANALYSIS OF CHINESE NSDI BASED ON BACKX MODEL
No full textThe data and services analysis are indispensable for the refined development of SDI. This paper, taking Chinese NSDI as a study case, analyzed the data and services advantages and shortcomings of Chinese NSDI and developed a recommendable data and services framework which could improve the Chinese NSDI better services for public and private sectors from known, attainable and usable aspects by using Backx model. And the recommendation framework can also be referenced by other national and local SDI for its better services and applications
Dynamic Optimization in Business-wide Process Control
No full textThe chemical marketplace is a global one with strong competition between man- ufacturers. To continuously meet the customer demands regarding product quality and delivery conditions without the need to maintain very large stor- age levels chemical manufactures need to strive for production on demand. In this thesis we research how market-oriented production can be realized for the particular class of multi-grade continuous processes. For this class of processes production on demand is particularly challenging due to the the complex trade- off between performing costly and time-consuming changeovers and maintaining high storage levels. The first requirement for market-oriented production is that production management cooperates with purchasing and sales management. We propose the use of a scheduler as a decision support system in a cooperative organization constituted by these players. In such a scheduler, decision making is represented using decision variables and their effect on the company-wide objective, which is chosen to be the added value of the company, is modeled. The scheduler then selects a decision strategy that is optimal with respect to the objective and presents this strategy to the decision makers who use it to base their actual decision taking on. The company-market interaction is modeled using a transaction-based mod- eling framework. Therein not the actual market behavior is modeled but the expected effect of the interaction of the company with the market. Two types of transactions can be modeled in this framework: orders, which result from contracts with suppliers and customers, and opportunities, which express the expected sales and purchases. Two different approaches to the modeling of production decisions are taken, the choice of which depends largely on the im- plementation of the process control hierarchy that is assumed. In the first approach, production management and control is performed by a single level controller and the control decisions are the minute to minute manipulation of the valves. This approach is academically interesting, though practically in- tractable due to the combination of long horizons and fast sampling times. In the second approach the process control hierarchy consists of a scheduling layer at which it is determined what products will be produced when, and a process control layer which determines how this production is realized. This approach is taken in the rest of the thesis.Design, Engineering and Productio
Analyse van de ontwikkeling van het aandeel woningen in meergezinshuizen
No full textOnderzoek uitgevoerd in opdracht van het Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Onderhouds- en verbeteringswerkzaamheden: Een overzicht van aantallen, uitgaven en verklarende factoren
No full textOnderzoek in opdracht van het Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Immunization [Review]
No full textThe two most effective interventions to prevent disease, disability and death caused by infectious diseases are sanitation and immunization. There are now many vaccines in routine use to prevent the major infectious diseases of childhood and to protect against infections encountered through travel or occupational exposure. The introduction of these vaccines has resulted in the global eradication of smallpox, the elimination of poliomyelitis in large parts of the world and a dramatic reduction in the rates of other diseases. Such has been the success of vaccination programmes that successive generations have been virtually spared diseases such as mumps, measles, rubella and whooping cough. The resurgence of some of the aforementioned illnesses through vaccination failure has reinforced the need to avoid compliancy. New vaccines are continually being developed in the face of newly emergent infectious diseases and the changing epidemiology of existing ones. In addition, new techniques are being exploited to produce vaccines with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity
Fungal infections in intensive therapy units
No full textInvasive candidiasis remains the main cause of invasive fungal disease in the intensive care unit. The risk of infection is often overestimated and most units will have incidences of 1–2% or lower. Units with higher incidences may have specific geographical and epidemiological factors, or may need to address infection control issues contributing to transmission. Routine use of prophylaxis or empiric therapy is not warranted at this level of disease. Discriminatory risk factors for this low incidence of disease are poorly defined and Candida specific biomarkers have not been validated for pre-emptive therapy. Insights into human response to invasive fungal disease gained from proteomic and genomic studies will increase our understanding, enabling us to target fungal diagnostics and antifungal treatments more accurately.</p
Het onttrekken van woningen aan de voorraad
No full textOnderzoek in opdracht van het ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer.OTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen
Effects on the fluid interface fluctuations due to the interaction potential form: Exponential interactions
No full textStructural sustainability in the early design phase: A parametric environmental impact assessment of various construction materials, including the design for deconstruction and donor structural framework concepts
No full textThe Netherlands is currently in the process of transitioning from a linear economy to a circular economy, in accordance with the ”Nederland Circulair 2050” policy. To increase the circularity of buildings, several approaches can be integrated. In this research, the so-called Design for Deconstruction and Donor Structural Framework concepts are elaborated as possible approaches. The first concept focuses on taking the future de- and remountability of a building into consideration during the design process. This concept allows buildings that approach their end-of-life phase to be (partially) reused as structural components, on a new location. The second concept can be applied during the construction phase of a building, where structural components of an old building are dismantled and reused in the to be constructed building. The difference between the two concepts thus being the life cycle in which they are applied. Therefore, the resulting benefit of using a Donor Framework can be seen immediately, whereas the benefit of applying the Design for Deconstruction concept can only be stated in the future. Unfortunately, the current procedure to measure the sustainability score of a building, the Life Cycle Assessment methodology, does not take these concepts into account. This makes determining their impact on the environment hardly possible. Also, due to the fact that detailed information about a design is required, a Life Cycle Assessment is made only once the design is final. In this order, all design variables are set such that designing towards sustainability is not an option. This research focuses on solving the introductory problems and aims to enable sustainable material choices for a structural design possible in the early design phase. Both the Donor Structural Framework and the Design for Deconstruction concepts were taken into consideration. This main goal has been split into two sub–questions:- How to assess the environmental impact of a steel, concrete and timber load bearing structure in the early design phase? -How to implement the Donor Structural Framework and the Design for Deconstruction concept into the existing Life Cycle Assessment methodology? The research questions have been answered by executing the following approach: 1.A parametric model is used in which not only the geometry and structural calculations are included, but the Environmental Impact Calculation as well. In the event of a design change, the Environmental Impact Calculation is automatically reiterated, which means different designs can be compared quickly based on their environmental impact. The model constructed for this study is suitable for designs in steel, concrete and timber. For each material a reference design is created. The Bill of Materials of these designs serves as input for the Environmental Impact Calculation on which the materials were compared in a later research phase.2.First, an existing end-of-life allocation method has been adjusted to include reuse during both the construction phase (Donor Structural Framework) as the end-of-life phase (Design for Deconstruction). Secondly, the Building Circularity Index, which recognizes a ”circularity score”, has been implemented in this method. In this study the Building Circularity Index is assumed as the ”probability of future reuse of the building”. The modified method was implemented in the parametric model to enable a real-time Environmental Impact Calculation. This approach has been fully implemented into a parametric visual script, executed in the Grasshopper, a parametric environment plugin of Rhino which enables visual scripting. Input parameters are imported from Excel, the Grasshopper script calculates the environmental impact and exports the results to Excel where they are visualized in a dashboard. Ultimately, the developed parametric model has been divided into a part containing the geometry and structural calculations of the reference designs and a part where the newly developed Environmental Impact Calculation method is implemented. Combining the results of both parts in the total model, it becomes possible to assess whether a design is best built in a certain material in the early design phase. The final model can provide results with or without the use of a Donor Structural Framework and with or without application of the Design for Deconstruction concept. For the purpose of demonstrating the functioning of the model, a reference design in steel, concrete and timber was implemented as a basic geometry. This geometry was assumed equal across all designs and for comparability purposes, dimensions were fixed. Consequently, it can be concluded from the results of these reference designs that using a Donor Structural Framework results in a lower environmental impact than applying the Design for Deconstruction concept by maximizing the remountability of a structure. Until a lifespan of 75 years, using a timber donor framework is the most sustainable solution for the reference design. From 75 until 100 years this is the case for steel and from 100 years onward, a concrete design, whether or not using a donor framework, results in the lowest environmental impact. In the current design practice of a building, the default lifespan has been determined by the function of the building (Functional Service Life). By using the model developed here, this lifespan can be determined on the basis of sustainability requirements instead of functional requirements. The differences in environmental impact for different lifespans can easily be compared. Therefore, it is made possible to steer towards a certain lifespan, in order to determine the most sustainable construction based on the clients requirements. This is currently not possible in the Dutch construction industry. However, these results do have their limitations, as they should not be interpreted as general but rather specific conclusions. The following points of attention apply: -Results should not be interpreted as general results, but these results only apply on the three reference designs as elaborated further in the research. These reference designs are not optimized for every material used. -Changing input parameters can have a significant impact on the results. In addition, a number of important parameters (reuse percentage, material lifespan etc.) have been assumed due to insufficient existing research. -The developed allocation equations include the incineration of timber too favorably. This results in a significant deviation in timber environmental impact for lifespans much shorter than 75 years. This flaw can be either due to the model, or the impact parameters as stated in the NIBE EPD app. Lastly, it is recommended to further research the assumed parameters in this research, especially the material lifespan and the incineration impact parameters. As these parameters can have a major impact on the environmental impact of a specific design.Civil Engineering | Structural Engineerin
Exploring Program Equivalence as a Means of Comparing Definitional Interpreters
No full textGrading and giving feedback to student submissions automatically is becoming more and more necessary with an increasing amount of students. To verify the correctness of student-written definitional interpreters, a program equivalence approach has been implemented, improved, and extended with new rules to make it more suited specifically for verifying interpreters. This approach is able to soundly recognise two different interpreters as equivalent. Interpreters can thus be compared to a correct interpreter to verify their correctness or be grouped with equivalent interpreters to be graded in batches. Using program equivalence in combination with other verification approaches can improve the process of giving feedback to students and help build up a collection of common errors made by students.https://gitlab.ewi.tudelft.nl/cse3000-auto-test/programme-equivalence https://gitlab.ewi.tudelft.nl/cse3000-auto-test/test-suitesCSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
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