644 research outputs found
CO2 effects on marine phytoplankton: Inhibition of photosynthetic processes
No full textby Matthew P. Huber"A thesis presented to the faculty of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories."Thesis (M.S.) -- California State University, Monterey Bay 2009."A thesis presented to the faculty of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.
Robust Estimation of the Joint Consumption / Asset Demand Decision
No full textThe paper proposes an instrumental variables version of the Huber estimator as an alternative to the IV-Krasker Welsch estimator. The IV-Huber estimator is analytically and computationally much simpler than IV-Krasker Welsch. In the context of an empirical study of the importance of borrowing constraints on consumption, the paper reports the results for the following estimators: 1) conventional (non-robust) IV, 2) conventional IV after the subjective rejection of outliers, 3) conventional IV after trimming, 4) IV-Huber, and 5) IV-Krasker-Welsch. In the presence of a heavy-tailed error distribution, both the IV-Krasker Welsch and the IV-Huber estimators provide substantial improvements in efficiency over conventional IV. Further, the informal robust procedure of using conventional IV after trimming does not match the efficiency gains of the formal robust methods. The empirical results indicate that households exhibit incomplete smoothing of consumption, with about 20-50% of predictable movements in income being buffered by asset stocks. When saving is disaggregated by type of asset, the results provide some evidence of borrowing constraints: households which are not subject to a liquidity constraint use financial assets as their primary means of buffering income fluctuations, while constrained households use purchases of durable goods almost exclusively as the vehicle for consumption smoothing.
Straw Hat Players programs, 1994 (1994)
No full textChristopher Averbeck, Jim Bartruff, Matthew Berck, Brian Bressler, Sara Marie Briggs, Julie Ann Cadwell, Karl L. G. Crose, Todd Denning, Stephen P. Dolan, Elizabeth A. Evert, Corey Fadness, Patricia Fike, David M. Fillmore, jr., Tania Fritz, Andrew Froelich, Peter Halverson, Karen Hartland, Roray Hedges, Jennifer Beth Hein, Stephen Hilton, Victoria D. Hough, Kristin Huber, Nancy Jones, Matthew A. Kari, Bryan S. King, Jill Lammers, Cathie Ann Lewis, Joel Liestman, Angela M. Luckman, Tyler Marchant, Tricia Matthews, Sarah McArdell, Tina Louise Theresa Miller, Melanie Myers, Susan Nickel, Jennifer J. Olson, J. Caleb Peterson, Jon Peters, Libby Pitts, Brant Pope, Robert E. Rachow, Kirk Roos, Randy Smartnick, Cory M. Stanchfield, Randall Stowell, Mary Swenson, Dean Tschider, Peter M. Vandervort, Aasne Vigesaa, Jonathan Wallace, Darcy Lee Whennis, Carl H. Wichman, Robyn Wick, Bill Wilsonhttps://red.mnstate.edu/shp_programs/1029/thumbnail.jp
On the Determinants of Cross Border Co-operation of Austrian Firms with Central and Eastern European Partners
No full textI analyse cross-border co-operation of Austrian firms with CEEC partners. Firm size, previous experience with co-operation and depth of integration with the most important partner are more important determinants of co-operation than distance to the closest potential partner. Firms with experience of co-operation are more likely to enter business relationships and less likely not to co-operate. Small firms are unlikely to co-operate in incentive contracts, while firms which are part of production networks typically co-operate in business and ownership relationships. Distance to the closest potential partner increases the probability of not co-operating and reduces the probability of ownership relationships.
Data and code associated with "Land surface conductance linked to precipitation: co-evolution of vegetation and climate in Earth system models"
No full text<p>This record contains four sets of files related to the paper "Land surface conductance linked to precipitation: co-evolution of vegetation and climate in Earth system models";</p>
<ol>
<li>Two netCDF files containing high resolution global values of g1m and g1b, calculated using the MAP method (see paper for details).</li>
<li>Post-processed netCDF files based on output from the NCAR Community Land Model 5 (CLM), for the 5 variables analysed in the paper (see table 1 in paper).</li>
<li>Code modifications for CLM that implement the g1 modifications used in the simulations described in the paper.</li>
<li>Two surface data files ("surfdat" files) for CLM that include the 2D g1 values needed for the "BB MAP" and "MED MAP" simulations (see Table 1 in the paper). These are the same g1 values in item 1 above but interpolated to our model's resolution and named so that code modifications in item 3 can access them.</li>
</ol>
<p>These four sets of files are described further in the sections below.</p>
<p><strong>NOTE ON CESM SET UP: </strong>CESM2.1.3 was used to access CLM. The compset "FHIST" was used with the grid "f09_f09_mg17".</p>
<h2>1. Global g1m and g1b files</h2>
<p><code>g1m_MAP-method.nc</code> and <code>g1b_MAP-method.nc</code> contain g1m and g1b, respectively, as shown and discussed in the paper (Figure 1). Note this data is at ~5 km resolution and NULL values over the ocean have been filled using the poisson_grid_fill function from the <a href="https://www.ncl.ucar.edu/">NCL programming language.</a> However, open ocean values should not be trusted (ocean values are provided in case coastal cells that are partially land but registered as ocean require values).</p>
<h2>2. CLM output netCDF files</h2>
<p>These files contain post-processed output from the CLM. The naming convention for netCDF files is: </p>
<p><code><variable_name>.<simulation_name>.<time_period>.<frequency>.nc</code></p>
<p><code><variable_name></code> can be:</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Variable</strong></td>
<td><strong>Long name</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TSA</td>
<td>Surface air temperature</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ET</td>
<td>Evapotranspiration</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LHFLX</td>
<td>Latent Heat Flux</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GPP</td>
<td>Gross Primary Productivity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RAIN</td>
<td>Precipitation</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><code><simulation_name></code> can be:</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Simulation name</strong></td>
<td><strong>Corresponding name used in paper (see table 1 in paper)</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST.f09_f09_mg17.BB_PHSoff.001</td>
<td>BB Default </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST.f09_f09_mg17.BB_PHSoff_PFT-g1-MAP.001</td>
<td>BB MAP PFT </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST.f09_f09_mg17.BB_PHSoff_2Dgs-OBS.001</td>
<td>BB MAP </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST.f09_f09_mg17.MED_PHSoff.001</td>
<td>MED Default </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST.f09_f09_mg17.MED_PHSoff_PFT-g1-MAP.001</td>
<td>MED MAP PFT </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST.f09_f09_mg17.MED_PHSoff_2Dg1-OBS.001</td>
<td>MED MAP </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST_SSP585.f09_f09_mg17.BB_PHSoff.001</td>
<td>BB Default SSP585</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST_SSP585.f09_f09_mg17.BB_PHSoff_2Dg1-OBS.001</td>
<td>BB MAP SSP585</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST_SSP585.f09_f09_mg17.MED_PHSoff.001</td>
<td>MED Default SSP585</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>f.e213.FHIST_SSP585.f09_f09_mg17.MED_PHSoff_2Dg1-OBS.001</td>
<td>MED MAP SSP585</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<p><code><time_period></code> is either "1981-2010" or "2071-2100".</p>
<p><code><frequency></code> is "monthly", "yearmax" or "h3yearmax" and refers to the frequency of the variable in the file. Only 3 of the 5 variables have "yearmax" ("h3yearmax" in the case of TSA) since these were the only variables with corresponding daily observations. There are eight netCDF files for each simulation.</p>
<h2>3. CLM code modifications</h2>
<p>Two zip files containing modified CLM code (in the form of FORTRAN files .f90 files) are included in this record. These zip files must be extracted into the SourceMods/src.clm/ subdirectory of the CESM simulation prior to building the model. These files work for CLM5, specifically the version of CLM5 released with CESM2.1.3. </p>
<p><strong>CLM5_g1MAP_PFT.zip</strong> contains files for the "Default" and "MAP PFT" simulations (see table above).</p>
<p><strong>CLM5_g1MAP_static2D.zip </strong>contains files for the "MAP" simulations (see table above).</p>
<h2>4. CLM surface data files</h2>
<p><strong>surfdata_0.9x1.25_hist_16pfts_Irrig_CMIP6_simyr1850_c190214_g1m-MAP_06082021.nc</strong></p>
<p>The above file is the input surface data file for CLM used in the "MED MAP" simulation. It contains a new 2D variable named "g1" that contains g1m calculated from the MAP method described in the manuscript. The code modifications in <strong>CLM5_g1MAP_static2D.zip</strong> (described in the section above) make CLM read these g1 values instead of using the default PFT-specific g1 values.</p>
<p><strong>surfdata_0.9x1.25_hist_16pfts_Irrig_CMIP6_simyr1850_c190214_g1b-MAP_07072021.nc</strong></p>
<p>The above file is the same except that it contains g1b instead of g1m.</p>
<p> </p>
Continuum piece on the Forest Ecology Network, and its opposition to the Compa
No full textContinuum piece on the Forest Ecology Network, and its opposition to the Compact for Maine\u27s Forests. FEN, which grew out of Jonathan Carter\u27s Ban clear-cutting campaign, attacked Sherry Huber for her role in promoting the compact. The author defends Huber
Climate variability, heat distribution and polar amplification in the unipolar 'doubthouse' of the Oligocene Supplement Model Data
No full text<p>Supplementary Data for the Climate variability, heat distribution and polar amplification in the unipolar 'doubthouse' of the Oligocene paper. The SST model scripts and programs are associated with the publication "The enigma of Oligocene climate and global surface temperature evolution" by C.L. O'Brien, M. Huber, E. Thomas, M. Pagani, J.R. Super, L.E. Elder, and P. M. Hull, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 2020. https://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.2003914117. </p><p>The scripts and programs for the precipitation model were written by X. Liu. They were based on the scripts for Oligocene model-data temperature comparison written by M. Huber (available at https://doi.org/10.4231/SFX6-RZ18). The CESM simulations were carried out by M. Huber and collaborators (A. Goldner, N. Herold, A. Dicks). The UK model simulations were carried out by Kennedy-Asser et al. (2019) and made available through the Bridge repository (https://www.paleo.bristol.ac.uk/ummodel/scripts/papers/Kennedy-Asser_et_al_2019.html). </p><p>The Oligocene_driver.sh script should run all the underly codes and call all the data necessary to generate the figures in the manuscript. The climate model outputs are in NetCDF format and in the folder "NETCDF_FILES". The many code is written in NCL (http://ncl.ucar.edu) which is freely available.</p>
1. Auditive Visualization in Broadcast. 2. Sound Drama Roger Krowiak.
No full textObsahem této práce je objasnění sluchového vnímání posluchače, přiblížení komunikačního kanálu mezi rozhlasovým tvůrcem a posluchačem a seznámení s výrazovými prostředky zvukové dramaturgie a režie (v kontextu jednotlivých rozhlasových žánrů). Vysvětlíme si pojem auditivní vizualizace, což je tzv. obrazotvornost, kterou v posluchači vyvolávají tvůrci zvukového snímku. Tato práce popisuje funkci rozhlasového mistra zvuku, odpovědného za zvukovou dramaturgii i zvukovou režii, jejíž prostřednictvím formuje auditivní vnímání posluchače.The main topics of this study are clarification of audience perception, description of communication channel from broadcasting author to audience; and identification of phraseology of sound dramaturgy and direction (in connection with particular broadcasting genres). We are going to explain the meaning of auditive visualization, a socalled imagination which is evoked by authors of sound records. The study describes a function of a broadcasting sound engineer who is responsible for sound dramaturgy and sound production of any kind of broadcasting genre forming audience perception.Ústav produktového designuobhájen
The good, the bad, and the ugly: Esping-Andersen's regime typology and the religious roots of the Western welfare state
No full textEsping-Andersen's 'Three World of Welfare Capitalism' has been the most influential contribution of recent years to the comparative welfare state research literature. According to Esping-Andersen, the welfare state basically comes in three variants: as a social-democratic, a conservative, or as a liberal regime. Yet, at a closer look particularly the conservative regime type proves to be a highly problematic category. The article claims that major problems of the 'three worlds'-typology originate from Esping-Andersen's sole focus on the class conflict, whereas he only very selectively accounts for the importance of religious cleavages. Major empirical problems of his approach vanish once we take into account not only the impact of the Catholic social doctrine on the development of the welfare state, but consider also the influence of social Protestantism, especially that of reformed, 'free', disestablished or dissenting Protestantism. The paper substantiates this claim with data-analysis for the early formative period of welfare state formation (1890-1920) and for its times of growth and crisis (1960s-1990). -- Folgt man dem einflussreichsten Beitrag zur vergleichenden Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung der letzten Zeit, Esping-Andersens 'Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism', so tritt der entwickelte westliche Sozialstaat in drei Varianten auf: entweder als sozialdemokratisches, oder als konservatives, oder als liberales Wohlfahrtsstaatsregime. Ein genauerer Blick zeigt jedoch, dass Esping-Andersens Typenbildung und Länderzuordnungen insbesondere im Fall des konservativen Regimes problematisch sind. In diesem Papier argumentiere ich, dass gravierende Probleme daherrühren, dass seine Theorie vornehmlich den Klassenkonflikt, nur sehr selektiv aber den Einfluss konfessioneller Faktoren in den Blick nimmt. Wesentliche empirische Unstimmigkeiten seines Ansatzes lassen sich lösen, wenn man neben der Bedeutung der katholischen Soziallehre für den institutionellen Entwicklungspfad des entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaates auch den Einfluss des Protestantismus, und hier insbesondere den Einfluss der reformierten protestantischen Strömungen, in den Blick nimmt. Der Beitrag zeigt dies mit vergleichenden Daten sowohl für die Frühphase (1890-1920) als auch für die Hochzeit des entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaats (1960-1990).
COâ‚‚ effects on marine phytoplankton : inhibition of photosynthetic processes
No full textIt is shown here that carbon dioxide gas has dramatic inhibitory effects on photosynthesis in representative species from six divisions of marine phytoplankton and two natural sites. Oxygenic photosynthesis was inhibited as a function of increasing CO2 concentration in the seawater media. The cellular content of ATP also decreased after treatment with CO2. Photosystem II variable-fluorescence parameters were altered under high-concentrations of CO2; Fv/Fm decreased and non-photochemical quench (NPQ) increased. Increases in the concentration of CO2 gas promoted xanthophyll cycle pigment alteration to what is believed a photoprotective state. The effect of CO2 was reversible in all metrics by returning the media to air saturation. The CO2 effect was also light dependent and was induced far below the light compensation intensity for photosynthesis. It is suggested that the CO2 effects described here were not due pH per se
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