98 research outputs found
Nepenthes alzapan (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines
No full textCheek, Martin, Jebb, Matthew (2013): Nepenthes alzapan (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 57-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.100.1.
The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines
No full textCheek, Martin, Jebb, Matthew (2013): The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Phytotaxa 151 (1): 25-34, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.
Nepenthes kurata Jebb & Cheek 2013, sp. nov.
No full textNepenthes kurata Jebb & Cheek sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134486-1 Fig. 1 Diagnosis Differs from N. mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata in the petiole wings patent (not involute), the hairs of stem, midrib and leaf-edge bushy, 0.1 mm long, not bristle-like 1–1.5 mm long; the lid about half as long as the mouth, lid base rounded or truncate (not about as long as the mouth, base cordate). Etymology Named as a noun in apposition for Shigeo Kurata, whose book on the Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu (Kurata 1976) inspired interest in the genus among its many readers, and whose descriptions of Nepenthes are models of detail, precision and clarity. Type PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, “Prov. of Misamis, Mount Malindang”. May 1906, Mearns & Hutchinson in Forest Bureau 4632 (holotype K!; isotype PH!). Fig 1. Synonym Nepenthes alata Blanco var. ecristata Macfarlane, Nepenthaceae. In: Engler A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich Heft 36, 4, 3: 72 (1908). – Type: lectotype, designated here: Philippines, Mindanao, “Prov. of Misamis, Mount Malindang”, May 1906, Mearns & Hutchinson in Forest Bureau 4632 (lecto-: K!; isolecto-: PH!). Description Terrestrial shrub-climber, height unknown. Climbing stems terete to slightly angular, 4–6 mm diam.; internodes 30–50 mm long; axillary buds not evident; indumentum inconspicuous, persistent to the fifth internode from the apex, hairs translucent brown, simple or 2–3-armed from the base, hairs straight, variously angled from the horizontal, ca. 0.1 mm long, covering ca. 5% of the surface except the axils (100% coverage) surface brown-black, matt. Leaves of rosette shoots thinly coriaceous, blade narrowly elliptic, 8–9 × 2–2.5 cm; apex and base acute; longitudinal nerves 1–2 pairs, within 2 mm of the margin, moderately conspicuous on both surfaces; pennate nerves at 90° from the midrib, numerous and moderately conspicuous; upper surface drying glossy pale brown, lower surface matt, mid-brown. Leaves of climbing stems as the rosette leaves, but blades suboblong or oblong-lanceolate 10–12.5 × 3.2–3.8 cm; apex obtuse or acute; base obtuse; lower surface with sessile red glands ca. 0.5 mm diam.; midrib 40–60% covered in patent, brown, simple or basally bifurcate-trifurcate hairs 0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm long; margin fringed, in young leaves, with hairs 0.25 mm long, pale-brown, 1–4-armed from the base. Petiole winged-canaliculate, 4–5 × 0.7 cm, wings patent; base clasping the stem for ⅓ to ½ its circumference, sometimes decurrent as an obtuse ridge to the node below. Lower pitchers unknown. Intermediate pitchers (tendrils uncoiled: Mearns & Hutchinson 4632) 12.5–17.2 cm long, ellipsoid in the basal third to half, 4–5.7 cm wide, constricted, more or less abruptly, 5–7.5 cm from the base into the subcylindrical upper part, 2.1–3 cm diam. dilating slightly towards the apex 3–4 cm diam.; outer surface strongly reticulated with raised nerves when dry, 2–5% covered in hairs of two types (Fig. 1D), (1) large erect hairs 0.3–0.75 mm long, with a single, major, curved arm, and 1–2 much smaller erect arms, and (2) minute, 3–6-armed stellate hairs 0.05–0.1 mm diam., which are more frequent, (ca. 4 per mm 2); surface covered throughout (6–10 per mm 2) with sessile, depressedglobose glands 0.1–0.2 mm diam.; fringed wings reduced to ridges except in the ca. 25 mm below the peristome, widening to 3 mm broad, with fringed elements 2.5 mm long, 2–5 mm apart; mouth oblique, suborbicular, ovate, 3–4.8 × 2.7–4.5 cm; apex with a column 9–10 mm long; peristome rounded to slightly flattened, 2–2.5 mm wide, more or less even in width, ribs 0.25–0.5 mm apart, conspicuous, about 0.1 mm high, outer edge lacking lobes, inner edge with very short teeth and conspicuous holes, teeth <0.1 mm long. Lid much smaller than the mouth, ovate, or broadly ovate, 25–35 × 25–30 mm, apex rounded to obtuse, base rounded to truncate; lower surface with a low basal ridge ca. 1 mm high, 7–10 mm long, either lacking a protruding appendage entirely (Fig. 1F) or with a modestly developed appendage 1–2 mm high (Fig. 1H); nectar glands only slightly dimorphic, (1) midline nectar glands sparse, longitudinally elliptic, 0.5–0.7 × 0.1–0.25 mm, with a thin marginal rim (Fig. 1J), (2) outside the midline nectar glands circular (Fig. 1K), sparse, <1 per mm 2, only 35–50 on each side of the midline, the largest scattered in the distal half, 0.5 mm diam., grading down to those of the marginal equatorial areas ca. 0.25 mm diam., and those at the attachment point with the peristome and the basal ridge and appendage, 0.15 mm diam.; sessile depressed-globose minute red glands 0.1–0.2 mm diam. are scattered over the surface at a density of 3–8 glands per mm 2; minute inconspicuous stellate hairs ca. 0.075 mm diam. occur in an uneven, 0.5–1 mm wide band, near the margin widening to 1.5 mm wide at the lid apex. Spur unbranched, curving downwards, stout at base and tapering to a slender apex, ca. 5 mm long, with scattered long, subpatent hairs 0.3–0.7 mm long (Fig. 1I). Upper pitchers (tendril coiled, Gaerlan et al. in PPI 10914) resembling the intermediate pitchers, but fringed wings 1–2 mm wide, fringed elements 2.5 mm long, (2–) 4–5 mm apart, dilating to 4.5 cm below the mouth; pitcher green, peristome maroon. Lid broadly ovate to suborbicular 32 × 35 mm, lower surface with a basal ridge 9–10 mm long, ca. 2 mm high, bearing a central, symmetrical, protruding appendage 2 × 3 mm; nectar glands denser, ca. 110 on each side of the midline. Male and female inflorescences and infructescences unknown. Additional material PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, Prov. Misamis Occidental, S.E. slopes of Mt. Malindang, Lake Duminagat, May 1993, Gaerlan, Sagcal & Romero in PPI 10911 (BRIT!). Distribution, habitat & phenology Philippines, Mindanao; evergreen forest, volcanic substrates. Elevation: ca. 1400 m. Conservation status Nepenthes kurata sp. nov. is here assessed as Critically Endangered under Criterion D of IUCN (2012) since currently only two individuals, probably at a single location (as currently defined by IUCN) are known. This site, the ca. 6 ha crater Lake Duminagat, is within the ca. 50,000 ha Mt Malindang Range Natural Park of which at least 20,000 ha has been cleared for cultivation purposes, but which is a tentative World Heritage Site (http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5029/, downloaded 16 July 2013). In 2012 the Park was designated as an ASEAN Heritage Park (http://news.pia.gov.ph/index. php?article=1451343449808, downloaded 16 July 2013). It is to be hoped that further investigation will discover additional individuals and locations for this species, decreasing its threat status, and increasing the likelihood that it can be protected. Since the terrain of Mt Malindang is reported as being rugged, with much forest surviving, there is every reason to hope that the species survives there, unlike Nepenthes robcantleyi Cheek (Cheek 2011) also from Mindanao, which is already suspected to be extinct in the wild due to the almost total clearance of forest habitat at the single known wild location due to logging (Cheek 2011). Remarks The first Nepenthes taxa described from Mindanao, both of the N. alata group, (Cheek & Jebb 2013d), were N. alata var. ecristata Macfarl. (Macfarlane 1908), based on Mearns & Hutchinson 4632 from Mt Malindang, and N. copelandii Macfarl. (Macfarlane 1908) from Mt Apo. The first of these we here elevate to species level as N. kurata Jebb & Cheek sp. nov. Previously we had considered this taxon to be synonymous with N. mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata (Kurata 2001) (Cheek & Jebb 2013d). The two taxa do have similarities in the overall shape of the upper pitchers, the weakly to moderately developed basal lid appendage and the sparse nectar glands of the lower lid surface. However they can be distinguished using the characters in Table 1. The number and extent of these features merit elevation from varietal to specific-level recognition in our opinion. Although the type specimen has rosette stems and intermediate pitchers only, a second specimen, with climbing stems and upper pitchers, Gaerlan et al. in PPI 10911 came to light recently. It is from the type locality and matches the type in essential details. Nepenthes kurata sp. nov. has the spot character within the Nepenthes alata group of a small, more or less orbicular lid, only about half the length of the pitcher mouth. Macfarlane (1908) characterised his N. alata var. ecristata by the lid appendage being either reduced or absent; the nectar glands being few, medium to large in size, and irregularly dispersed. Of the single specimen cited (Mearns & Hutchinson 4632), only two sheets (PH and K) have been found, both annotated in Macfarlane’s hand, each with two intermediate pitchers. Although all four pitchers share a basal ridge (Fig. 1 F–H), only one of the four has an appendage, and that is only moderately developed as a convex emergence from the basal ridge (Fig. 1H). However a recent collection (Gaerlan et al. in PPI 10977) with upper pitchers, does show a developed appendage (Fig. 1E), suggesting the epithet ecristata “lacking a crest” is inappropriate. In any case, the Code demands priority only at one rank, so there is no requirement to adopt the varietal epithet at specific level, for which reason Macfarlane’s taxon is renamed as N. kurata sp. nov. The upper pitchers also differ from the intermediate pitchers in the greater density of the nectar glands on the lower surface of the lid. However the shape, distribution and size of the nectar glands remain similar. This is the only known species of Nepenthes from Mt Malindang at this time, and it is therefore the most westerly known species of the genus in Mindanao. Nepenthes kurata sp. nov. is still incompletely known, full details on its ecology, altitudinal range, population density, inflorescences and infructescences, and ethnobotany remain to be discovered. The type specimens were collected by Major E.A. Mearns and W.J. Hutchinson in 1906 on the first recorded ascent of Mt Malindang, a volcanic mountain in the NW of Mindanao. Both sheets are annotated in the hand of Macfarlane as “ N. alata var. ecristata Macfarlane ”, and either could be selected as lectotype of that name. The K sheet is accordingly selected.Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69 on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, http://zenodo.org/record/382769
Nepenthes kitanglad Jebb & Cheek 2013, sp. nov.
No full textNepenthes kitanglad Jebb & Cheek sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134487-1 Fig. 2 Diagnosis Differs from N. saranganiensis Sh.Kurata in having angled, (not winged) stems, lower and upper pitchers strongly dimorphic, (not subdimorphic); in being a climbing epiphyte of forest (not a terrestrial shrub of open areas) and in having a strongly concave pitcher mouth with a long neck (not with the pitcher mouth flat or only slightly concave, lacking a neck). Etymology Named, as a noun in apposition, for Mt Kitanglad, the type and only known locality of the species. Type PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, Bukidnon Province, Intavas, Impasug-ong, Mt Kitanglad, 18 Jul. 1991, Gaerlan, Sagcal & Fernando in PPI 3274 (holotype BISH!; isotype BRIT!). Description Epiphytic climber, probably 1 m tall or more. Short stems terete, 4–5 mm diam., internodes ca. 6 cm long, axillary buds not evident; surface glossy, appearing glabrous but with extremely sparse brown, simple hairs ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrescent. Climbing stems strongly 4-angular, 7–9 mm diam., internodes 11–12 cm long; indumentum as short stems. Leaves of short, and of climbing stems more or less identical, thickly papery; blade oblong-elliptic, 15.5–33 × 4.3–7 cm; apex acute, not peltate, tendril arising abruptly; base cuneate, decurrent to petiole; longitudinal nerves 3–4 pairs, conspicuous in the marginal half on the upper surface; pennate nerves arising at about 45° from the midrib, irregular, reticulate, branching in the marginal half; drying brown-black above, matt mid-brown below, appearing glabrous apart from margin but with indumentum as stem, densest on midrib but soon glabrescent; lower surface with sessile depressed-globose red-black glands ca. 0.05 mm diam.; margin densely fringed with soft fine orange-brown patent simple or bifurcate hairs 1 mm long. Petiole evenly winged along its length, 4–5 × 0.4–0.9 cm, wings patent; at base clasping the stem for ⅔ to ¾ of its circumference, decurrent diagonally as a narrow wing, in short stems 7 mm long, in climbing stems 18 mm long, and continuing as a ridge to the node below. Lower pitchers narrowly ovoid-cylindric, 12.5 cm tall, 5 cm broad, widest in the basal half, narrowing steadily to ca. 3 cm wide below the peristome; outer surface 10–25% covered in pale brown hairs of two types, (1) bushy brown hairs 0.1–0.25 mm long and wide, with 4–8 arms ascending from a short central axis, 7–12 per mm 2, (2) long brown straight erect hairs 1.5–1.75 (–2.5) mm long, with 2–4 short branches ascending from along the length of the main axis, sparse; fringed wings, 2–4 mm wide, running 3–4 cm from peristome towards base of pitcher, then diminished to slender ridges, wings extended over the peristome by two foliose flaps 3–4 × 3–4 mm, fringed elements 4–5 mm long, 2.5 mm apart (1.5 mm apart on foliose flaps); mouth ovate-lanceolate, highly oblique, concave, ca. 4.1 × 2.8 cm; column developed, tapering towards lid ca. 9 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at midpoint; peristome subcylindric, 1 mm wide at front of pitcher to 3 mm wide at sides, ridges ca. 2.5 per mm, ridges 0.1 mm high, inner edge lacking conspicuous teeth or holes, outer edge not lobed. Lid narrowly ovate to rhombic 3.5 × 2.3 cm, apex rounded, base rounded to truncate, lower surface lacking a basal appendage, but with a low basal ridge 10 mm long, 0.5–1 mm high, extending from the junction with the peristome; nectar glands small and sparse, 6–8 on each side of the midline which mainly lacks glands, absent from basal ridge, nectar glands monomorphic, slightly perithecoid, orbicular or slightly elliptic, 0.25(–0.35) mm long, mixed with denser sessile depressed-globose, red-black glands, 0.05– 0.1 mm diam., 8 per mm 2; marginal 2–3 mm of lower surface with minute stellate hairs densest near margin; upper surface with same indumentum as outer pitcher surface, but long hairs rarely seen. Spur not seen. Upper pitchers (tendril coiled) ovoid-cylindric, green, slightly maroon above, 21.5 × 6.5 cm, widest in the ovoid basal third, narrowing to ca. 5 cm wide in the cylindrical upper part; outer surface with same indumentum as lower pitcher; fringed wings reduced to ridges apart from two foliose flaps immediately below peristome, point of attachment 3–4 mm long, angular-elliptic, 9 × 6 mm, bearing fringes 2–7 mm long; mouth ovate-lanceolate 7 × 4 cm, oblique, concave, the frontal part straight; column ca. 1.5 × 0.8 cm; peristome rounded-flattened, 1.75–5.5 mm wide, widest at sides, ca. 1.75 ridges per mm, ridges 0.1 mm high, inner edge lacking conspicuous teeth or holes, outer edge not lobed. Lid ovate-triangular, 5 × 3.8–4.2 cm, apex rounded, base truncate; lower surface with a weakly developed, convex basal appendage 1.5 mm high, arising from a low basal ridge 7 mm long; nectar glands ca. 16 on each side of the midline, sparsely scattered, more or less absent from midline, but present at appendage, nectar glands orbicular or slightly elliptic, slightly or strongly perithecoid, 0.25–0.5 × 0.25–0.45(–0.75) mm; sessile glands 0.05–0.1 mm diam., 8–20 per mm 2; upper surface of lid with indumentum as outer surface of pitcher. Spur inserted 2 mm below junction of lid and pitcher, pointing downwards, terete, 17 × 0.9–1 mm, dilating to the 1.8 mm wide rhombic-acute apex, indumentum moderately dense of long patent simple hairs as on the pitcher outer surface. Male and female inflorescences unknown. Distribution and habitat Philippines, Mindanao, Bukidnon Province, known only from Mt Kitanglad; epiphytic in mossy forest, geology volcanic, elevation 1800–2100 m. Conservation Here N. kitanglad sp. nov. is assessed as Critically Endangered since it is known from only a single location, Mt Kitanglad, on an island which has seen extensive forest clearance for logging and agricultural expansion in recent years (McPherson 2009: 759). For these reasons one species, N. robcantleyi Cheek is already suspected to be extinct in the wild (Cheek 2011). Nepenthes kitanglad sp. nov. is not a spectacular or especially bizarre species so is unlikely to come under pressure of collection for the horticultural trade which has brought several species of the genus close to extinction. Remarks McPherson (2009: 755–759; figs 417 & 418) depicts from volcanic Mt Kitanglad in N-Central Mindanao a plant under the name of N. saranganiensis Sh.Kurata (Kurata 2003: 41). Yet, the Kitanglad plants he depicts differ from N. saranganiensis as depicted in its protologue in habit, habitat and in morphology. In 2013 sheets of Gaerlan et al. in PPI 3274 (BISH, BRIT) became available from Kitanglad.These matched McPherson’s (2009) depiction, enabling a detailed comparison to be made with N. saranganiensis. The conclusion is that the Kitanglad material represents a different species from N. saranganiensis and is here described as N. kitanglad sp. nov. Differences between the two taxa are given in Table 2. N. kitanglad sp. nov. is unusual in the N. alata species group (Cheek & Jebb 2013d) in the strongly concave mouth of the upper pitchers, in which the base of the lid is held over the mouth. It is also unusual in that the rear of the peristome narrows to a neck, forming a moderately well-defined column for the lid. Within the N. alata group, these two features are otherwise currently known only in N. hamiguitanensis Gronem., Wistuba, V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Mey & V.B.Amoroso (Gronemeyer et al. 2010), but that species is restricted to ultramafic Mt Hamiguitan in SE Mindanao and differs greatly in the shape of the upper pitchers which are stout, widest at the midpoint, with a funneliform lower half narrowing to a more slender, cylindrical upper half. It is possible that N. hamiguitanensis, N. kitanglad sp. nov. and N. saranganiensis are related since all have angled stems (or in the case of the last species, winged), a feature otherwise unknown in the otherwise terete-stemmed N. alata group. Nepenthes kitanglad sp. nov. is unique in the N. alata group in its lid posture, as seen from photographs and herbarium specimens. The lid is held at ca. 45° below the horizontal, largely concealing the mouth. In other species it is usually elevated above the horizontal, sometimes by ca. 45° (N. saranganiensis) or as much as 90° or more (N. graciliflora Elmer). So far, N. kitanglad sp. nov. is the only species of Nepenthes recorded from Mt Kitanglad.Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69 on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, http://zenodo.org/record/382769
Nepenthes extincta Jebb & Cheek 2013, sp. nov.
No full textNepenthes extincta Jebb & Cheek sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134488-1 Fig. 3 Diagnosis Differs from N. mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata in the pitchers lacking fringed wings (versus with fringed wings), the lid base truncate (not cordate), the indumentum of the midrib of dense minute grey-white stellate hairs, (not of sparse black bristle-like hairs). Etymology Nepenthes extincta sp. nov. is named to signify that this species may already be extinct globally. Type PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island “Red Hills (= 400 m alt.), SE of Claver, near the northeastern coast of the Mindanao Island. Boundary of the Surigao del Sur and Surigao del Norte ” 8 Aug. 1978, Fumihiro Konta 12365 (holotype BISH!). Description Terrestrial shrub, probably about 1 m tall. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 13–17 × 5.5–8 cm, thickly leathery, glossy above, matt mid brown below; apex obtuse to acute, not peltate; base rounded to obtuse, not decurrent; longitudinal nerves arising from base of blade, where 5–6 pairs arise on each side of the midrib, at blade midpoint 4–5 pairs occur in the outer third of the blade; pennate nerves arising at ca. 45° from the midrib, irregularly branching, ends traversing the inner longitudinal nerves; all nerves most conspicuous on upper surface; midrib deeply depressed on upper surface, lacking hairs, highly exserted on lower surface and densely (80–90% cover) grey-white stellate hairy, the hairs gathering dirt, hairs sessile, arms 5–8, 0.25–0.5 mm diam., fine, acute, appressed to surface; lower surface of blade sparsely hairy, densest towards midrib, ca. 15% cover, decreasing at margin to 5–10%, cover, hairs mainly stellate, as midrib, mixed with sparser erect, bristle-like hairs 1–2 mm long, of several types (1) with short branches arising along the length of the main axis; (2) with 2–6 ± equal erect arms; (3) with a single long erect bristle arising from a stellate hair, the “dagger-hair” of Kurata (2003) more rarely (4) hairs with 2–3 erect, equal arms from the base; depressed-globose sessile red-black glands 0.03 mm diam., raised, dense, conspicuous; upper surface of blade with stellate hairs, as lower surface, scattered along the margins of the midrib. Petiole 4.5 × 0.5–0.7cm, appearing cylindric due to the two involute wings, indumentum of appressed, stellate, fine 5–8-armed hairs, ca. 20% cover. Lower and upper pitchers unknown, possibly not produced. Intermediate pitchers (tendrils not coiled, fringed wings absent) ovoid-cylindric, 18–24 × 5.9–8.2 cm, widest in the basal half, narrowing gradually to the cylindric upper half (4.8–5.5 cm wide), not constricted or waisted; outer surface 10–20% covered in minute, white, 2–4-armed, bushy-stellate hairs 0.12–0.15 mm wide and high, the arms stout and raised, 10–15 hairs per mm 2, mixed with sparser black depressed-globose sessile glands 0.07 mm diam., 4–5 per mm 2, long simple and bristle-like hairs absent; fringed wings absent, reduced to ridges; mouth ovate 7–8 × 4.5–5.5 cm, oblique, concave, column weakly defined ca. 1.5 × 0.7 cm; peristome subcylindric, 7–8 mm wide, widest at sides, outer edge lobed, lobes 1–3 per side, 10–12 mm wide, inner side inconspicuously toothed, teeth 0.25 mm long; ridges 4 per mm, 0.1 mm high. Lid ovate 5.2–6.5 × 4–5.2 cm, apex rounded, base truncate, lower surface with a basal ridge ca. 8 mm long, 1–2 mm high, bearing a pronounced straight convex appendage 4 × 2.5–5 mm; nectar glands of two distinct size classes (1) smaller, elliptic or orbicular, frequent, bordered glands 0.3–0.6(–0.7) × 0.25 mm, the border ca. 0.1 mm wide, glossy pale brown, dense, (1(–2) per mm 2) along the midline these are longitudinally elliptic, elsewhere with their short axis orientated towards the base of the lid; the appendage completely covered in smaller type nectar glands; (2) larger glands elliptic to orbicular, (1–)1.25–2 × 1.25 mm, the lumina often invaginated by a projection of the border, border 0.2 mm thick, 4–15 on each side of the lid, scattered around the margin and towards the apex of the midline; sessile, depressed-globose, red glands, 0.05 mm in diam., 1–2 per mm 2; marginal 0.5–1 mm of lower surface with minute branched hairs 0.1 × 0.1 mm; upper surface with indumentum as outer pitcher. Spur inserted 5–6 mm below junction of lid with peristome, cylindric 8–14 × 1–1.2 mm, apex shortly bifid, surface covered in minute appressed, matted, white-grey stellate hairs. Male and female inflorescences and infructescence unknown. Distribution & habitat Philippines, Mindanao, Surigao del Sur. Open scrub habitats on ultramafic substrate with N. merrilliana Macfarl. (Macfarlane 1911) and N. graciliflora Elmer (Elmer 1912). Elevation: ca. 400 m. Conservation Nepenthes exincta sp. nov. is here assessed as Critically Endangered under Criterion D of IUCN (2012) since only a single individual has ever been recorded (the type specimen collected in 1978). The locality data given corresponds with the large area of ultramafic known as ‘Red Mountain’ SE of Claver in NE Mindanao. In fact, Red Mountain is a series of low red hills. The NE Mindanao, probably due to its large areas of ultramafic substrate, supports several narrowly endemic and often spectacular Nepenthes species, several of which are known from single locations. For this reason, it has been intensively visited in recent decades by devotees of the genus. Despite this, no additional collections or observations of this taxon have come to light in the last 25 years and it is possible that it is restricted to the Red Mountain, and is now extinct, since this happens to be the largest nickel mining site in the world’s second largest nickel producing country (Gallares 2013). The Foundation for the Philippine Environment (Pacudan 2013) recently reported on the environmental damage due to extensive and massive nickel mining “as far as your eyes can see.”, “The scene of endless open pit mining at the red mountain made our heart bleed.” (Pacudan 2013). The biggest mining companies operating at the Red Mountain are Taganito Mining Corporation, Platinum Group Metals Corporation (PGMC), Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation, Adnama Mining Resources Inc. (AMRI) and Zhen Shou Mining (Almeda 2012). It is much to be hoped that this species is refound, and not proved to be extinct, and if found, that it can be protected and monitored. Remarks Nepenthes extincta sp. nov. is most likely to be confused with N. mindanaoensis and they may share a common origin. Both species occur on open ultramafic substrates in NE Mindanao, both have robust, ovoid-cylindric pitchers arising from thickly leathery blades in which the longitudinal nerves arise from the base of the blade. In both species the petiole has involute wings, so appear cylindric, and the blade is not decurrent to the petiole – unusual features in the N. alata group. The two can be distinguished using the characters in Table 3. The two species are not sympatric so far as is known. Fumihiro Konta, collector of the only known material of this species, has not been traced by us. An internet search shows that he has published on the plants of S China and Thailand, as well as Japan, covering specialisms such as Asclepiadaceae, Ferns and Vegetation mapping. “A list of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of Mt Fuji, 1984” is his most referenced work. Since “Environmental Impact Studies” are listed among his interests, it may have been in that context that he collected the type specimen recorded here.Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69 on pages 14-16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, http://zenodo.org/record/382769
Nepenthes leyte Jebb & Cheek 2013, sp. nov.
No full textNepenthes leyte Jebb & Cheek, sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77134489-1 Fig. 4 Diagnosis Differs from N. alata B lanco in having, except in the hairy axils, glabrous stems, (not densely white hairy); upper pitchers lacking fringed wings (versus with fringed wings); nectar glands on lower surface of lid dimorphic, concentrated around margin and appendage (not monomorphic, uniformly dense and distributed). Etymology The specific epithet “leyte” is here used as a noun in apposition, to commemorate the island of that name, to which the species appears unique. Type PHILIPPINES. Eastern Visayas, Leyte, Mt Lobi, near Dagami, 7 Nov. 1999, Argent, Mendum, Fuentes, R., Belonias, B. S. 99214 (holotype K!; isotypes E!, PNH). Description Terrestrial climber, height 2 m (probably), drying brown. Climbing stems subterete, 4–6 mm diam., with a slight ridge below the leaf bases; the axil with a shallow groove containing a spike-like bud 1–2 mm long, inserted 5–6 mm above the axil; internodes 3–7 cm long; surface with scattered redblack, depressed-globose, sessile raised glands 0.05–0.08 mm diam.; hairs absent, except in the axillary grooves which have white, moderately dense, basally branched hairs with arms erect, ca. 1 mm long. Rosette stems and leaves unknown. Leaves of climbing stems spirally inserted, thinly leathery; blade narrowly oblong-elliptic, 13.5–16 × 2.5–3.8 cm; apex acute, not peltate; base cuneate, abruptly decurrent to the petiole; longitudinal nerves 1 pair, moderately close to the margin, inconspicuous; pennate nerves numerous, conspicuously raised on both surfaces, more or less patent, irregular; both surfaces drying brown, subglossy above, matt below; midrib on both surfaces 5–10% covered with fine white-translucent simple or 3–5-armed stellate hairs, on the upper surface 0.2–0.3 mm diam., on the lower surface 0.1–0.2 mm diam., the leaf-blade otherwise glabrous, apart from sessile red-black glands as the stem, 0.05–0.1 mm diam., 2–6 per mm 2. Petiole evenly winged along its length, the wings incurved (field notes); (2.5–)3–4.5 × 0.2–0.4 cm; clasping the stem for ½ its circumference, very shortly decurrent by 1–2 mm. Lower and intermediate pitchers unknown. Upper pitcher (tendril coiled) 12–15 × 4.5–5 cm; ovoid-ellipsoid in the lower half, upper half cylindrical, 3–3.5 cm diam., not constricted at any point; outer surface 10–30% covered in minute red stellate hairs, hairs ca. 0.1 mm diam., both sessile and shortly stalked, 4–6-armed, arms suberect or patent, density 3–5 per mm 2, mixed with sessile red-black glands 0.05 mm diam. as the leaf-blade and stem, hairs denser on lid, and towards the peristome where they are mixed with sparse erect bushy-bristle hairs 0.2–0.3 mm long; “almost uniformly green with a few purple spots mainly on the ventricose base” (Argent et al. 99214); fringed wings are absent, reduced to inconspicuous ridges; mouth ovate, 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 cm, oblique, slightly concave, “glaucous green inside with just a few red spots”; peristome (1–)2–3(–5) mm wide, narrowly subcylindrical, rounded at the front, becoming slightly flattened and widest at the sides, towards the lid, ca. 4 ridges per mm, ridges 0.075–0.15 mm high, inner edge inconspicuous, holes and teeth not visible (unless dissected: Fig. 4P); outer edge not lobed; column weakly developed, ca. 7 × 3 mm. Lid ovate 3.2 × 2.9(–3.2) cm; apex shallowly retuse, the sinus 3–7 mm wide; base cordate, the sinus 4 mm deep, 8–15 mm wide; green; margin undulate; lower surface with convex basal appendage, 0.4–0.7 × 1–2 mm, arising from near the midpoint of the 5–6 × 0.5 mm long basal midline ridge; nectar glands slightly dimorphic, each with a different distribution: (type 1) moderately dense on the basal ridge and appendage (Fig. 4L) and in a ca. 2 mm band each side (but not extending along midline), glands with raised borders, shortly elliptic, 0.1– 0.2(–0.3) mm long; (type 2) slightly larger, (0.1–) 0.2–0.3 mm long, moderately dense, in bands 2–4 mm wide along the lid margins, 25–40 glands on each side, one sheet (atypical?) with a few additional large elliptic glands, 0.7 × 0.4 mm, bordered, very sparsely scattered between the margins; sessile red-black glands, as stem, leaf and outer pitcher surface, 0.005–0.01 mm diam., scattered over surface ca. 3 per mm 2; marginal part of lower surface with a few minute stellate hairs. Spur inserted 2 mm below junction of lid and pitcher on ridge; simple, stout at base tapering to a long, acute apex; 7–9.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm; completely covered in long, grey appressed hairs, hairs (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.2) mm long. Upper surface of lid with two prominent nerves, nerves densely (80–90% cover) white hairy, hairs of two types: (1) basally 1–2-branched hairs 0.3–0.4 mm long, (2) minute 3–5-armed stellate hairs 0.1 mm diam.; remainder of lid surface with type (2) hairs, but indumentum 30–40% cover, and with sparse perithecoid nectar glands 0.25 mm long. Inflorescence and infructescence unknown. Distribution & habitat Philippines, Visayas, Leyte; volcanic geology; “climbing on fallen tree in submontane mossy forest”, elevation 900 m (Argent et al. 99214). Conservation Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. is known currently from a single individual in an unprotected area, in a country, including specifically the island of Leyte, where most of the original forest habitat has been cleared for timber and agricultural land and where forest degradation and clearance are ongoing (Myers et al. 2000; GoogleEarth viewed 2 Oct. 2013). Accordingly, it is here assessed as Critically Endangered under Criterion D of IUCN (2012). It is to be hoped that further exploration will reveal additional localities for the species, and that protection can be arranged before it becomes extinct. Currently no protected areas are believed to be present on Leyte apart from the 2193 ha Lake Danao National or Natural Park which is about 14 km to the W of the type location. However this seems to be mainly a recreational area, and within the reserve, illegal settlement, slash and burn agriculture and illegal logging are reported to be problems (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Danao_(Leyte)#Threats, viewed 12 Oct. 2013). Viewing the area immediately around Lake Danao on GoogleEarth (2007 imagery, viewed 12 Oct 2013) confirms that large areas have been and were in 2007 in the process of being cleared and inhabited, and that these activities extend towards the E and the only known location for N. leyte sp. nov. Some original forest still survives along the central high ridge of Leyte, where terrain appears rugged, including the location indicated as the type location of the species, however the resolution of the imagery here is not sufficiently high to gauge how intact the habitat is. The eastern side of Leyte has higher rainfall and the forest has extensively been replaced by intensive industrial oil palm plantations which extended in 2003 to within 4 km of the type location (GoogleEarth imagery dating from 2003, viewed 2 Oct. 2013). Collection of Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. from the wild to supply the horticultural trade is considered a low risk for this species since its pitchers are not as spectacular or as bizarre as those of other members of the genus in the Philippines. Remarks Argent et al. 99214, here described as Nepenthes leyte sp. nov., while superficially similar to N. graciliflora, the only other species of the genus known on Leyte (Wenzel 680, GH!; Barbon et al. in PPI 8735, BRIT!; ibid. 8561, BRIT!), cannot be confused with it. This is due to the stellate hairs present on the outer pitcher surface of Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. (versus absent in N. graciliflora), and the dimorphic nectar lid glands concentrated around the margin and appendage (not monomorphic, uniformly dense and distributed). It also has petioles that appear cylindrical since the wings are involute (not with patent wings). Apart from N. graciliflora itself, only one other member of the N. alata group is, so far, known from the Visayas: N. negros (Negros and Biliran islands). However, N. negros has densely hairy stems (versus glabrous), upper pitcher with fringed wings (not absent) and the inner peristome edge has conspicuous teeth and holes (versus conspicuous teeth absent). Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the Nepenthes alata group using the key above.Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69 on pages 17-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, http://zenodo.org/record/382769
Nepenthes
No full textKey to the species of the <i>Nepenthes alata</i> group updated from Cheek & Jebb (2013b) <p>1. Lower surface of lid, including appendage (if present), densely and evenly covered in uniformly minute circular nectar glands (0.15–0.2 mm diam.)..............................…….................……….. 2</p> <p>– Lower surface of lid with nectar glands either absent from the appendage (if present) and/or, sparse, large or dimorphic (larger glands 0.35–0.4 mm diam. or larger)...................................……….….. 3</p> <p> 2. Stems glabrous to glabrescent; upper pitchers lacking fringed wings in upper part; outer surface lacking stellate hairs entirely. S LUZON TO MINDANAO........ <i>N. graciliflora</i> Elmer (Elmer 1912)</p> <p> – Stems persistently pubescent; upper pitchers with fringed wings in upper part; outer pitcher surface> 50% covered in grey stellate hairs. N LUZON................................ <i>N. alata</i> Blanco (Blanco 1837)</p> <p> 3. Stem internodes winged from the decurrent petiole bases. MINDANAO, SARANGANI PROV............................................................................................. <i>N. saranganiensis</i> Sh.Kurata (Kurata 2003)</p> <p>– Stem terete or angular, lacking wings.............................................................................................. 4</p> <p>4 Upper pitchers funnel-shaped or funneliform-cylindric................................................................... 5</p> <p>– Upper pitchers not funnel-shaped, but subcylindric, widest at base, or equally at base and apex.... 6</p> <p> 5. Stems and abaxial surface of midrib moderately densely covered in white appressed hairs 0.5– 1.5 mm long; lid of upper pitchers ovate, longer than broad. Volcanic substrate. MINDANAO, MTS APO & MATUTUM....................................................… <i>N. copelandii</i> Macfarl.(Macfarlane 1908)</p> <p> – Stems and leaf-blades glabrous; lid of upper pitcher broader than long. Ultramafic substrate. MINDANAO, MT KIAMO............................... <i>N. ceciliae</i> Gronem. <i>et al.</i> (Gronemeyer <i>et al.</i> 2012)</p> <p>6 Petiole appearing flat, at least distally (wings held flat)................................................................... 7</p> <p>– Petiole appearing cylindrical (wings incurved)............................................................................... 12</p> <p>7. Stems and lower surface of midrib conspicuously densely pubescent; lid appendage well-developed, hooked.............................................................................................................................................. 8</p> <p>– Stems and inner surface of midrib glabrous or inconspicuously and sparsely pubescent; lid appendage moderately or well-developed, never hooked.................................................................................. 9</p> <p> 8. Upper pitchers widest at base, contracting slightly above into a narrower cylinder with fringed wings. NEGROS & BILIRAN ISL. …………...…… <i>N. negros</i> Jebb & Cheek (Cheek & Jebb 2013d)</p> <p> – Upper pitchers equally wide at base and apex, contracting slightly at the middle, lacking fringed wings. MINDANAO, SURIGAO PROV...............… <i>N. ramos</i> Jebb & Cheek (Cheek & Jebb 2013c)</p> <p> 9. Lid apex with pocket. MINDANAO, S COTABATO...................... <i>N. tboli</i> Jebb & Cheek sp. ined. – Lid apex lacking pocket or any appendage.................................................................................... 10</p> <p> 10. Petiole canaliculate proximally (flat distally); blade hairy on upper surface; upper pitchers stout, length: breadth ratio 2–2.5:1; fringed wings absent. MINDANAO, MT HAMIGUITAN.............................................................................. <i>N. hamiguitanensis</i> Gronem. <i>et al.</i> (Gronemeyer <i>et al.</i> 2010)</p> <p>– Petiole flat proximally; blade glabrous on upper surface; upper pitchers slender, length: breadth ratio> 3:1; fringed wings present below peristome ……................…………………………………… 11</p> <p> 11. Upper pitcher with lid about half as long as mouth; mouth not concave but flat; column absent; lid base truncate. MINDANAO, MT MALINDANG …….........…… <i>N. kurata</i> Jebb & Cheek sp. nov.</p> <p> – Upper pitcher with lid about as long as mouth; mouth highly concave; column present; lid base cordate. MINDANAO, KITANGLAD MTS …….......……. <i>N. kitanglad</i> Jebb & Cheek sp. nov.</p> <p>12. Largest pitchers robust, 18–24 cm long; peristome 7–8 mm wide, curved in section but not cylindric; inner edge of peristome with small teeth visible, outer edge lobed. MINDANAO ………..……....13</p> <p> – Largest pitchers 12 cm long; peristome 2–3 mm wide, narrowly cylindrical, inner edge lacking visible teeth (unless dissected), outer edge not lobed. LEYTE ISL...... <i>N. leyte</i> Jebb & Cheek sp. nov.</p> <p> 13. Largest pitchers without fringed wings; leaf midrib densely, minutely white stellate-hairy; lid base deeply cordate. MINDANAO, RED MT ….........................…… <i>N. extincta</i> Jebb & Cheek sp. nov.</p> <p> – Largest pitchers with fringed wings; leaf midrib with brown black bristle-like hairs 1–1.5 mm long; lid base truncate. NE MINDANAO ……..............…… <i>N. mindanaoensis</i> Sh.Kurata (Kurata 2001)</p>Published as part of <i>Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 69</i> on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.69, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3827691">http://zenodo.org/record/3827691</a>
FIGURE 1. Nepenthes abgracilis A in The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines
No full textFIGURE 1. Nepenthes abgracilis A habit, stem with upper pitcher; B upper pitcher (from McPherson 2009); C tendril apex (pitcher not developed), indumentum; D outer surface of pitcher, with sessile glands; E nectar glands, lower surface of lid, midline (elongated); F nectar glands of lateral areas; G nectar glands, lid margin; H peristome, inner edge dissected (non-natural state); I peristome view from above; J peristome transverse section (inner surface on right); K lid, lower surface, midline ridge (probably artefact of drying). Scalebars: single = 1 mm; graduated single = 2 mm; double = 1 cm; graduated double = 5 cm (drawn by A. Brown from the type specimen).Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines, pp. 25-34 in Phytotaxa 151 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/510058
FIGURE 1. Nepenthes abgracilis A in The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines
No full textFIGURE 1. Nepenthes abgracilis A habit, stem with upper pitcher; B upper pitcher (from McPherson 2009); C tendril apex (pitcher not developed), indumentum; D outer surface of pitcher, with sessile glands; E nectar glands, lower surface of lid, midline (elongated); F nectar glands of lateral areas; G nectar glands, lid margin; H peristome, inner edge dissected (non-natural state); I peristome view from above; J peristome transverse section (inner surface on right); K lid, lower surface, midline ridge (probably artefact of drying). Scalebars: single = 1 mm; graduated single = 2 mm; double = 1 cm; graduated double = 5 cm (drawn by A. Brown from the type specimen).Published as part of Cheek, Martin & Jebb, Matthew, 2013, The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines, pp. 25-34 in Phytotaxa 151 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/510058
Eglantine Jebb and her contribution to the development of children's rights
No full textThe article refers to Eglantine Jebb (1876 - 1928), little known in Poland, prominent English social activist, founder of Save the Children, the author of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. The content of this article is an attempt to show the impact of E. Jebb on the development and promotion of children's rights
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