10,810 research outputs found
Jesus as shepherd in the gospel of Matthew
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that Matthew and those who first received and transmitted Matthew's Gospel during the late first century believed that Jesus was the righteous and royal Shepherd-Messiah of Israel, the Son of David. Matthew also believed that Jesus was the true teacher and interpreter of the law who could give definitive leadership and guidance to Israel in the aftermath of the Jewish war. Matthew's Gospel was written sometime during the last quarter of the first century, during the formative period of early Judaism. In this context, Matthew presented Jesus as the defining figure for the future of Israel. Jesus, as the righteous royal shepherd, will provide the authoritative understanding of Judaism and her traditions. Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of David, and fulfils the promises of the Hebrew Scriptures. Therefore, as God's choice, he is the one to be turned to during this time of transition and change. As the Son of God and Messiah, he has been given God’s authority and is personally present with the community to give this guidance. One of the ways the evangelist demonstrates this is in his use of the shepherd metaphor in regard to Jesus. The ancient metaphor of shepherd was an image for leadership in the history of the tradition. The shepherd metaphor was often associated with the spiritual and national leaders in Israel, for example, Moses and David. According to Matthew qualities of this kind of shepherd leadership are now revealed in their fullness in Jesus, the Son of God. Jesus as Shepherd-Messiah is revealed both explicitly and implicitly in Matthew. He is revealed explicitly in the shepherd texts of Matthew and implicitly in the Gospel through the literary and typological correspondences in the history of Israel. The shepherd metaphor has a long history both inside and outside Israel’s tradition. Kings and rulers of many types were referred to as shepherds. In the thesis, the metaphor IS explored in the Ancient Near East generally, the biblical tradition, second Temple Judaism, the Dead Sea Scrolls and Philo. The shepherd metaphor was also used to describe evil, false or abusive rulers and leaders. In Israel's tradition this false shepherd metaphor became especially prominent in the exilic and post-exilic prophets. After the time of the exile, messianic hopes grew. The shepherd metaphor became associated with these messianic expectations. Other relevant texts from Rabbinic Judaism and Greco-Roman sources are also considered. In light of this social and historical background, the intertextual and narrative implications of Matthew's use of the shepherd motif will be investigated in relation to his christological concerns. Finally, the shepherd metaphor as it is applied to 'Jesus as shepherd' is thoroughly examined in regard to the Gospel of Matthew. It is the intention of this thesis therefore to make a contribution concerning Matthew's use of the shepherd metaphor in the wider context of Matthean Christology
Ritual in the Damascus document and the Gospel of Matthew
No full textThis thesis examines the ritual content of the Damascus Document and the Gospel of
Matthew, demonstrating how community identity is constructed and developed through
the interpretation of the Law represented in each. The content is arranged according to
the ritual typology of Catherine Bell, which organises ritual into six categories:
calendrical ritual, rites of exchange and communion, political ritual, rites of passage, rites of affliction and rites of feasting and fasting. Analysis by type enables comparison and comment on the features and effects of ritual. I identify the Scriptural precedent for the discussions of ritual and any similar texts from the same period. These two ritually dense texts provide a great deal of material representing different perspectives on ritual
function and obligations within a Jewish community setting. The Damascus Document is a non-sectarian legal text from the Second Temple period. The Gospel of Matthew presents the narrative of Jesus with considerable comment on ritual matters, reflecting an audience steeped in Jewish ritual praxis while looking towards an eschatological inclusion of Gentiles who adhere to Jewish obligations. Each offers an insight into a community dissenting from aspects of mainstream Judaism without withdrawing completely. Each community maintains traditional ritual obligations to some extent, but claims additional information clarifying the correct interpretations of the Law. This thesis analyses how they negotiate the practical, and often theological, issues that accompany their distinct practices, creating a community identity through ritual
'Woe to you, hypocrites!' : law and leaders in The Gospel of Matthew
No full textThis thesis seeks to move beyond the impasse in Matthean scholarship that posits the reason for conflict in Matthew 23 with the authorial community. A framework is developed that allows the possibility that the gospel was received and understood by a widespread, general audience that itself was not necessarily embroiled in conflict. Multiple complementary methods are used to analyze how an ancient audience might expect conflict and work through its development in the narrative. Analysis of comparative biographical literature and of Old Testament references and allusions shows that readers could expect in literature the type and intensity of conflict exhibited in Matthew 23. The gospel's internal narrative development provides unity to the conflict episodes in Matthew 9-23. It also offers rationale for the escalation of conflict for which Matthew 23 is the summary. Chapter One: The Shape of the Discussion surveys representative works including redaction, social scientific, socio-historical, narrative and genre critics, to understand the options for studying conflict in Matthew. Reader-response oriented genre criticism provides language for framing reader expectations. Chapter Two: Expecting Conflict examines expectations that can be associated with Matthew's use of the Old Testament and by comparison with ancient biographies. Chapter Three: The Conflict Builds works systematically through each of the points of contact between Jesus and the leaders of Israel in chapters 9-22 organized by three topics: legal interpretation, the identity and authority of Jesus, and the character of the leaders. Chapter Four: Woe to You takes up the task of examining Matthew 23. The analysis of Matthew 23 identifies three components in the summary of conflict: Jesus presented as the model for his audience, Jesus' final denunciation of the leaders, and the presentation of Jesus as God’s representative. The multi-methodological approach used in this study of Matthew 23 suggests a narrative that invites the reader to rethink how one knows and understands God. The study thereby provides an alternative to the assumption that conflict reflects the immediate experience of a narrowly conceived authorial community
Artful living and the eradication of worry in Søren Kierkegaard's interpretation of Matthew 6:24-34
No full textDanish thinker Søren Kierkegaard published fourteen discourses, across four collections, on Matthew 6:24-34. The repeated readings of the biblical text, whose themes include the choice between God and mammon, worry, what it means to consider the birds and lilies, and how to seek first the kingdom of God, converge with Kierkegaard’s interest in anxiety, despair, worry, subjectivity, indirect communication, choice, the moment, and life before God. Accordingly, the discourses make connections with his larger works, elucidate frequently explored Kierkegaardian themes in recent scholarship, and contribute to his critique of nineteenth-century Copenhagen. Additionally, the collections present an interpretation of each verse and phrase of Matthew’s text and, held up against modern Matthew scholarship, they correlate with and contribute to Sermon on the Mount and New Testament studies. Kierkegaard’s reading of Matthew also holds implications for the practice of biblical interpretation as it promotes the importance of awareness of sin, interestedness, and appropriation as central to proper reading. His emphasis on Christ as the primary exemplar of Matthew’s text adds an additional Christological element to his hermeneutic. Furthermore, the discourses serve as spiritual treatises which provide the reader with theological terminology to help confront the problem of worry and suffering. In light of a human being’s distinctiveness as imago Dei, Kierkegaard elucidates ways an individual may respond artfully to the ongoing possibility of worry, a possibility which the discourses connect with Christian anthropology and external labels associated with possessions and status. The Matthew 6 discourses intimate Kierkegaard’s sympathy with classic Christian spirituality and, in combination with the cultural-ecclesiastical critique, the creative exegesis, and the in-depth analysis of the cause of and cure for worry, his work emerges as an excellent example of spiritual theology
Zechariah and the Gospel off Matthew: the use of a biblical tradition
No full textThis thesis examines the use of Zechariah traditions in Matthew's Gospel. It analyzes and interprets the ways Matthew transmits, alters or adds Zechariah traditions to his sources. Instead of looking at portions of the Gospel in light of Zechariah 9-14 only, this study addresses the entire Gospel and all of Zechariah. In focusing on Zechariah tradition, the thesis has kept the following considerations in view. First, the content and function of Matthew's explicit uses of Zechariah are examined. Second, ways in which tradition derived from Zechariah may have exerted influence on portions of the gospel sub-structure are identified. Third, it explores the extent to which Matthew alludes to characteristic Zechariah themes. Together, these components illuminate how Matthew's Gospel incorporates its Zechariah material, whether alone or in combination with other prophetic traditions. Thus the methodological approach of the thesis is not only grounded in classical methods of biblical criticism but is also open to recent literary methods. In addition to explicit citations, numerous allusions and echoes of Zechariah tradition are present in Matthew. They appear in Matthean materials and in traditions Matthew has taken from Mark and Q. Because the focus of this thesis is open to both the Gospel and the Zechariah traditions in their entirety, two important observations have been made. First, traces of Zechariah material are found in the Infancy and Gaililean healing Narratives as well as in the Passion Narrative. Not only is the impact of Zechariah 9-14 observed, but important sections of Zechariah 1-8 are also discerned in Matthew's narrative structure. Moreover, Matthew's Son of David Christology is enriched and partially defined by Zechariah's prophet-shepherd imagery, as well as by the royal messianic motif
Wisdom and apocalyptic in the Gospel of Matthew : a comparative study with 1 Enoch and 4QInstruction
No full textRecent scholarship has demonstrated that Matthew's gospel has significantly developed
both sapiential and apocalyptic elements within its narrative. Little attention has been paid,
however, to the question of how these two features of Matthew's gospel might relate to one
another. It is this gap in scholarly literature that the present study is intended to fill, by means of a
comparative study with two other texts of mixed genre: 1 Enoch and 4Qlnstruction.
An examination of these texts demonstrates that each is marked by an inaugurated
eschatology, within which the revealing of wisdom to an elect group, defined in distinction to the
Jewish parent group, serves as the pivotal moment of inauguration. In addition, within
4Qlnstruction the idea is developed that possession of this revealed wisdom allows the remnant
to live in fidelity to the will of the Creator and to the patterns built-in to the original creation.
Thus, possession of revealed wisdom facilitates a recovery of creation.
These findings provide lines of enquiry that may be brought to Matthew. Three sections
of the gospel are examined (chapters 5-7; 11-12; 24-25). It is argued that Jesus is presented as an
eschatological figure who reveals wisdom to an elect group. This wisdom cannot be reduced to
great moral insight or interpretation of Torah, but is presented as prophetic revelation, happening
in eschatological time. It remains the case, however, that Matthew presents it as wisdom and
presents Jesus as a sage.
More tentatively, it is suggested that creation provides the patterns for the ethical
requirements of Jesus' wisdom, thus indicating that the idea of restored creation is also at work in
Matthew. The fall of the temple may also be connected in Matthew's narrative to such a
restoration, but again, the evidence for this is not clear
Fergusobia rosettae Davies, n. sp.
No full textDescription of Fergusobia rosettae Davies n. sp. (Figs 1, 3 A, 4 A) = Fergusobia MSp 45 apud Davies et al., 2012 a Measurements. Table 2. Material examined. Holotype, parthenogenetic ♀, roadside at Yellow Waterhole, ~ 2 km north of Kennedy in coastal eastern QLD (18 º 11.30 ’S, 145 º 56.66 ’E). From basal shoot bud (‘rosette’) galls on Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake 1958, collected by K.A. Davies, 10.viii. 2006 and 18.viii. 2007. On slide with a paratype ♂, deposited at the ANIC, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Paratypes, WINC, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia, 3 parthenogenetic ♀s, 1 pre-parasitic infective ♀, 10 ♂ s, slide numbers WNC 2480; Queensland Museum, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 10 parthenogenetic ♀s, 2 pre-parasitic infective ♀s, 12 ♂ s; and at the USDA Nematode Collection, Beltsville, MD, USA 1 parthenogenetic ♀ and 1 ♂. 15 parthenogenetic ♀♀, 4 pre-parasitic infective ♀♀, and 24 ♂♂, collected from the above location on 10.viii. 2006 and 18.viii. 2007. Description. Parthenogenetic female. Body shape arcuate when heat relaxed; relatively small (<0.3mm long); relatively broad compared to length; larger than amphimictic pre-parasitic females and smaller than males; body narrows behind vulva to form a short conoid tail. With light microscope, cuticle appears smooth, and longitudinal striae not apparent in sub-cuticle. Lateral fields not seen. Cephalic region 5–7 µm wide, ~ 80 % diameter of body at anterior end, off-set, 1 – 2 µm high, unstriated; lateral view with rounded outline and circum-oral area distinctly raised ~ 1 µm in most specimens. Stylet with cone ~ 40 % of length; basal knobs just higher than wide, ~ 2 µm wide at base, rounded. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland ~ 1 µm posterior to stylet knobs. Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract occupying 53–74 % of body diameter, length 3 times diameter of tract. Lumen of tract broadens at distal end of dorsal pharyngeal gland. Pharyngeal glands extending over intestine, large, diameter ~ 47–75 % of body diameter, distance from head to end of glands being 45–66 % (mean 55 %) of total body length. Gland nucleus prominent, with obvious nucleolus. Secretory/excretory pore with obscure duct, opens posterior to nucleus of pharyngeal gland; secretory/ excretory cell ovoid. Hemizonid 4 or 5 annules in front of secretory/excretory pore. Reproductive tract variable in length, extending to secretory/excretory pore, part-way along pharyngeal gland, to base of gland or not reaching it; flexed in 1 / 17 specimens examined; oviduct usually with two oocytes per row; quadricolumella not smooth, uterus not seen containing eggs, apparently not extensile; vulva a simple transverse slit with protruding lips in some specimens; no vulval plate. Anus pore-like. Tail relatively short, conoid; length 1–1.5 times anal body diameter; bluntly rounded tip. Infective pre-parasitic female. Infects mature larval stage of Fergusonina sp. or pupa. Arcuate to open-C shape when relaxed by heat; relatively slender; maximum body diameter at mid-body length; body tapers gradually behind vulva. Cuticle obscurely annulated, appears smooth; longitudinal striae not apparent with light microscope; lateral fields not seen. Cephalic region barely offset, domed shape; circum-oral area rounded; stylet slender, weakly sclerotised with tiny basal knobs ~ 1.5 µm wide; cone ~ 40 % of length. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland not seen. Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract little expanded, occupying 63–66 % of body diameter, length 3.3–3.5 times diameter. Pharyngeal glands extending over intestine, diameter 54 (36–66)% of body diameter, extending over intestine, distance from head to end of glands being 34 (29–48)% of total body length. Secretory/excretory pore opens behind pharyngeal glands or opposite gland nucleus; duct obscure; secretory/ excretory cell not seen. Hemizonid not seen. Uterus ~ 70 % of total gonad length in uninseminated females, packed with sperm in inseminated females; vagina at right angle to body axis; reproductive tract extending to nerve ring; length of tract hypertrophied in some specimens. Vulva a transverse slit, vulval lips raised ~ 1 µm, no vulval plate present. Anus an obscure pore. Tail sub-cylindroid; relatively short; length 1–1.5 times diameter at anus, tip almost hemispherical. Male. Body almost straight to arcuate when relaxed by heat, tail region slightly curved ventrally. Cuticle obscurely annulated, longitudinal striae of sub-cuticle apparent when viewed with light microscope; lateral fields not seen. Cephalic region 5–7 µm wide, occupying 75–80 % anterior body diameter, offset, ~ 1.5–2 µm high; circum-oral area flat or raised, with lightly sclerotised framework; stylet with cone ~ 40 % of length, round stylet knobs 2–3 µm wide. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland ~ 2 µm behind knobs. Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract occupying 52–83 % of body diameter, length 2–3 times diameter. Pharyngeal glands extending over intestine, diameter 46–80 % (mean 63 %) of body diameter, distance from head to end of glands being 32–59 % (mean 47 %) of total body length. Lumen of intestinal tract broadens behind pharyngeal gland. Secretory/excretory pore opens opposite nucleus of pharyngeal gland; duct obscure; secretory/excretory cell ovoid, ~ 5 µm long. Hemizonid extending over two annules, 4 or 5 annules in front of secretory/excretory pore. Reproductive tract with single testis, variable in length, usually extending to distal end of dorsal pharyngeal gland, barely overlapping it in three specimens, not flexed; testis, seminal vesicle and vas deferens not clearly differentiated. Bursa apparently leptoderan, smooth; may be prominent or obscure; arises 40 – 50 % along length of body from tail tip, terminates just in front of tail tip. Spicules paired, broadly angular to arcuate, bent at about 40 % of length, with manubrium and shaft longer than blade; moderately sclerotised; manubrium wider than shaft, may be off-set on dorsal edge; blade narrows gradually to bluntly rounded tip with concavity on distal edge; opening sub-terminal. Inconspicuous muscles associated with cloaca. Tail arcuate, slightly ventrally concave, conoid; length 1.5–2.5 times diameter at cloaca; bluntly to broadly rounded tip. Diagnosis and relationships. Fergusobia rosettae n. sp. is morphologically characterized by the combination of a small, arcuate parthenogenetic female having a short conoid tail with a bluntly rounded tip, an arcuate, relatively slender, infective female with an almost hemispherical tail tip, and an arcuate male with an arcuate to angular (not heavily sclerotised) spicule and leptoderan bursa arising at 40–50 % of body length. Morphologically, Fergusobia rosettae n. sp. is similar to F. pohutukawa Davies 2007 (in Taylor et al. 2007), F. jambophila Siddiqi 1986, F. tolgaensis n. sp., F. cajuputiae Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004, F. nervosae Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004, and F. sporangae Davies 2013 (in Davies et al. 2014 a). From phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of D 2 /D 3, large sequence divergences support F. rosett ae n. sp. as a unique species. It is genetically close to an undescribed species (Fergusobia sp. 1 in Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004) from a similar gall form on M. nervosa (Ye et al. 2007). The parthenogenetic female of F. ro s et t a e n. sp. (arcuate shape) differs from F. brevicauda Siddiqi 1994, F. brittenae Davies 2010 (in Taylor & Davies 2010), F. cosmophyllae Davies 2013 (in Davies et al. 2013 b), F. diversifoliae Davies 2013 (in Davies et al. 2013 b), F. fasciculosae Davies 2012 (in Davies et al. 2012 b), F. floribundae Davies 2013 (in Davies et al. 2013 b), F. gomphocephalae Davies 2013 (in Davies et al. 2014 c), F. indica Jairajpuri 1962 sensu Siddiqi 1986, F. leucoxylonae Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 c), F. magna Siddiqi 1986 sensu Davies 2010 (in Davies et al. 2010 b), F. microcarpae Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 b), F. minimus Lisnawita 2013 (in Davies et al. 2013 b), F. morrisae Davies 2012 (in Davies et al. 2012 b), F. pimpamensis Davies 2013 (in Davies et al. 2013 b), F. planchonianae Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 b), F. porosae Davies 2013 (in Davies et al. 2013 a), F. ptychocarpae Davies 2008 (in Taylor & Davies 2008), F. tumifaciens (Currie 1937) Wachek 1955 sensu Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 b), F. v i m i n al i s a e Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 b), and F. viridiflorae Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004 (C-shape). In length (228–269 µm), it is shorter than the parthenogenetic female of F. rileyi Davies 2012 (in Davies et al. 2011 a) (310–394 µm). In having cuticle which does not swell upon fixation; it differs from F. jambophila Siddiqi 1986 and F. pohutukawa Davies 2007 (in Taylor et al. 2007) in which it does. Having a distinctly raised circum-oral area separates the parthenogenetic female of F. rosettae n. sp. from those of F. cajuputiae, F. colbrani Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 a), F. delegatensae, F. fisheri Davies & Lloyd 1996, F. leucadendrae Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004, and F. tumifaciens, in which it is flat or only slightly raised. The stylet (8–10 µm) of this female is longer than in F. curriei Fisher & Nickle 1968 (5–8 µm) and F. juliae Davies 2012 (in Davies et al. 2012 b) (5–7 µm); and shorter than in F. camaldulensae Davies 2012 (in Davies et al. 2012 a) (11–13 µm), F. schmidti Davies & Bartholomaeus 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 c) (11–14 µm), and F. tumifaciens (19 µm). In having an enormous oesophageal gland (b’ 1.5–2.2), it is similar to F. quinquenerviae Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004 but lacks the extra lobe or flex found in the gland of the latter. In F. rosettae n. sp., the vulva (V 83 –93%) is more posterior than in F. nervosae Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004 (81–83 %). In having a body behind the vulva that narrows gradually, is arcuate and conoid in shape, with a broadly rounded tip, this female differs from that of F. dealbatae Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004, F. eugenioidae Davies 2012 (in Davies et al. 2012 b), and F. philippinensis Siddiqi 1994 (more slender, arcuate to straight). In length (9–21 µm, mean 14 µm), the tail of the F. rosett ae n. sp. parthenogenetic female is usually shorter than in F. tolgaensis n. sp. (mean 22 µm, range 18–25 µm). This female lacks the broad opening of the stylet aperture present in F. sporangae Davies 2014 (in Davies et al. 2014 c). It is morphologically close to but can be separated from the undescribed species of Fergusobia (Species 1) from ‘rosette’ galls on M. nervosa in having the hemizonid at 4–5 vs 6–8 annules in front of the excretory pore (Davies & Giblin-Davis 2004). The infective female of F. ros e t t a e n. sp. (open C-shape) differs in shape from that of F. brevicauda, F. camaldulensae, F. colbrani, F. curriei, F. delegatensae, F. diversifoliae, F. fisheri, F. leucadendrae, F. leucoxylonae, F. microcarpae, F. quinquenerviae, and F. viridiflorae (arcuate to barely J), and from F. rileyi (almost straight). In length (250–267 µm), it is smaller than the female of F. brittenae (375–550 µm), F. c ol b r an i (369–405 µm), F. cosmophyllae (374–448 µm), F. dealbatae (307–347 µm), F. eugenioidae (438 µm), F. fasciculosae (268–332 µm), F. floribundae (357–450 µm), F. juliae (396–550 µm), F. magna (537–633 µm), F. morrisae (322–395 µm), F. pimpamensis (369–443 µm), F. philippinensis (290–370 µm), F. planchonianae (303–339 µm), F. porosae (277–300 µm), F. ptychocarpae (387–471 µm), F. sporangae (289–353 µm), and F. viminalisae (334–437 µm). The stylet (7–8 µm) of F. rosettae n. sp. is longer than in F. minimus (4–6 µm). It has a subcylindroid tail with a tip that is almost hemisperical, separating it from F. tolgaensis n. sp., in which the tail tip is broadly rounded. It is difficult to morphologically separate the infective female of F. rosett ae n. sp. and F. cajuputiae, although the former tends to be slimmer (respective diameters 22–23 µm and 27–30 µm). Body diameter also separates F. rosettae n. sp. and F. gomphocephalae and F. schmidti (respectively, diameters 22–23 µm vs 26–32 µm and 30–48 µm; ratio a 10.8–11.5 vs 8.6–10.7 and 6.5–10.8). Given the small sample size for the infective female of F. nervosae (n= 1), and their morphological similarity to F. rosettae n. sp., it is not possible to separate them. In shape (arcuate), the heat-relaxed male of F. ro s e t t ae n. sp. differs from those of F. brittenae, F. curriei, and F. fasciculosae (J-shape), F. pimpamensis (J or C-shape), F. diversifoliae, F. juliae, F. magna, F. planchonianae, F. ptychocarpae, and F. viridiflorae (with strongly curved posterior). In length (246–319 µm), it is smaller than the male of F. brevicauda (330–420 µm), F. camaldulensae (383–451 µm), F. delegatensae (350–518 µm), F. diversifoliae (413–459 µm), F. eugenioidae (341–420 µm), F. floribundae (403–570 µm), F. morrisae (347–413 µm), F. pohutukawa (398–469 µm), and F. r i l e yi (378–508 µm). The ratio a (8.5–11.4) is smaller than in males of F. pohutukawa (12.2–15.5). In length (8–9 µm), the stylet is shorter than in F. leucoxylonae (10–13 µm) and tends to be shorter than that of F. tumifaciens (8.5–10 µm). The shape of the tail (barely arcuate with a broadly rounded tip) differs from that of F. philippinensis (truncate tip) and from F. leucadendrae (bluntly rounded tip). Spicule length (14–17 µm) is shorter than in F. colbrani (17–21 µm), F. dealbatae (18–22 µm), F. juliae (20–27 µm), F. quinquenerviae (16–20 µm), F. schmidti (19–25 µm), and F. sporangae (17–25 µm). The bursa arises at ~ 40–50 % of body length from the tail tip, differing from F. cosmophyllae, F. fisheri, F. minimus, F. porosae, and F. tumifaciens in which it is shorter (respectively, 12–39, ~ 20, 12–28, 15– 33, and less than 20 %) and from F. cajuputiae and F. jambophila in which it is longer (more than 50 %). In having a raised circum-oral area, this male is separated from those of F. microcarpae and F. nervosae, in which it is flat or less raised. The shape of the spicule differs in F. rosettae n. sp. and F. gomphocephalae and F. viminalisae, being more angular in the latter two species. In size, shape, length of bursa, form of cephalic area and of stylet, the male of F. rosettae n. sp. and F. tolgaensis n. sp. are similar. However, they can be separated on the position of the hemizonid (4–5 vs 2 annules in front of the excretory pore), and the spicule is more slender in F. tolgaensis n. sp. Etymology. Named after the form (resembling a rosette) of the gall from which the nematodes were collected.Published as part of Davies, Kerrie A., Ye, Weimin, Giblin-Davis, Robin M., Taylor, Gary S., Purcell, Matthew & Thomas, Kelley, 2014, Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. IX. Fergusobia rosettae n. sp. on Melaleuca quinquenervia and F. tolgaensis n. sp. on Syzygium luehmannii, from Queensland, pp. 214-236 in Zootaxa 3889 (2) on pages 216-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/22749
Why weight for happiness? Correlates of BMI and SWB in Australia
No full textAbstract not availableSharon Robertson, Matthew Davies, Helen Winefiel
Reading Matthew by the Dead Sea: Matthew 8:5-13 in Light of P. Yadin 11
No full textThe archive of the Judean woman Babatha, with its 35 legal papyri in Aramaic and Greek (P. Yadin 1-35), which was hidden by her in a cave on the western side of the Dead Sea in 135 CE and rediscovered in 1961, offers unique insights into the social world of the region from 94-132 CE. This is because legal documents reflect significant opportunities and challenges in people's lives and frequently bring to the surface underlying social issues and pressures. Babatha's documents, which reflect lively interactions between Judeans, Nabateans and Romans across a wide range of situations, do precisely this. They allow us better to understand the context in which New Testament texts appeared and how they made sense to their original audiences. Matthew's Gospel, with its strong interest in Judean/non-Judean relationships, is particularly susceptible to such treatment. In this article, P. Yadin 11, a remarkable document in Greek from 124 CE recording a loan of 60 denarii from a Roman centurion stationed at En-gedi to Babatha's second husband, is analysed for what it reveals about likely understandings of centurions in that setting. The findings of this investigation are then applied to Matthew 8:5-13 in the interests of a socially realistic interpretatio
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