5,584 research outputs found
Structural Rearrangement of the Serotonin Transporter Intracellular Gate Induced by Thr276 Phosphorylation
No full textMolecular dynamics trajectories for Structural Rearrangement of the Serotonin Transporter Intracellular Gate Induced by Thr276 Phosphorylation by Matthew C. Chan, Erik Procko, Diwakar Shukla
Ritual in the Damascus document and the Gospel of Matthew
No full textThis thesis examines the ritual content of the Damascus Document and the Gospel of
Matthew, demonstrating how community identity is constructed and developed through
the interpretation of the Law represented in each. The content is arranged according to
the ritual typology of Catherine Bell, which organises ritual into six categories:
calendrical ritual, rites of exchange and communion, political ritual, rites of passage, rites of affliction and rites of feasting and fasting. Analysis by type enables comparison and comment on the features and effects of ritual. I identify the Scriptural precedent for the discussions of ritual and any similar texts from the same period. These two ritually dense texts provide a great deal of material representing different perspectives on ritual
function and obligations within a Jewish community setting. The Damascus Document is a non-sectarian legal text from the Second Temple period. The Gospel of Matthew presents the narrative of Jesus with considerable comment on ritual matters, reflecting an audience steeped in Jewish ritual praxis while looking towards an eschatological inclusion of Gentiles who adhere to Jewish obligations. Each offers an insight into a community dissenting from aspects of mainstream Judaism without withdrawing completely. Each community maintains traditional ritual obligations to some extent, but claims additional information clarifying the correct interpretations of the Law. This thesis analyses how they negotiate the practical, and often theological, issues that accompany their distinct practices, creating a community identity through ritual
Methods for C-C and C-N bond formation using earth-abundant metals
No full textThe formation of C–C and C–N bonds via transition metal catalysis is important in both academia and industry. Traditionally, both these fields have been dominated by the use of precious metal catalysts, with two of the most prominent reactions being the Suzuki– Miyaura cross-coupling (C–C) and the Buchwald–Hartwig amination (C–N), both palladium-catalysed processes. The use of earth-abundant metals in C–C and C–N formation could increase the economy and sustainability of such processes, whilst also introducing potential alternative reactivity.
The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling is an extremely popular method of C–C bond formation in industry. The vast majority of investigation into this reaction concerns solely the palladium-catalysed process, however, the more abundant group 10 metal Ni has been shown to be proficient in this process, while also displaying access to an increased scope of electrophiles. Enclosed is a comparison of a nickel and palladium Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling using a comparable ligand system. The practicalities of changing to a nickel-catalysed system are discussed, as well as insights into mechanistic variances between the two systems.
The Chan-Lam amination is a copper promoted cross-coupling of amines and organoborons. Recently, there has been important disocoveries into the mechanism of the amination. The following study discusses the serendipitous discovery of a debenzylative Chan–Lam amination. This novel transformation was investigated, examining the scope of reactivity, whilst also considering the mechanistic pathway via which the reaction proceeds.
The use of boron protecting groups is well known in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, but not as well explored in the Chan-Lam amination. The following study demonstrates the use of MIDA boronates in the Chan-Lam amination. The methodology attempts to access products not currently available using Chan-Lam aminations and also explores the difficulties of using the MIDA boronates in these systems
Judicial deference at work: Some reflections on Chan Kin Sum and Kong Yun Ming
No full text"Due deference" - the giving of appropriate weight to the government's judgment in the court's reasoning - is a tool that courts use to maintain the separation of powers in constitutional rights review. This note aims to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the issue of deference, and to analyse the Court of First Instance (CFI)'s approach to deference in two recent cases, Chan Kin Sum and Kong Yun Ming. The author argues that the CFI has adopted a spatial approach that failed to specify the contested issues that called for deference, inappropriately considered democratic legitimacy as a factor for deference and made broad presumptions about the democratic character of primary decisions. This approach may lead to an over-deferential attitude that threatens the separation of powers, and the malleability of the approach may be subject to courts' manipulation. The author argues for a more context-sensitive approach based purely on institutional factors.published_or_final_versio
Differences in Radiative Forcing, Not Sensitivity, Explain Differences in Summertime Land Temperature Variance Change Between CMIP5 and CMIP6
No full text© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Chan, D., Rigden, A., Proctor, J., Chan, P. W., & Huybers, P. Differences in radiative forcing, not sensitivity, explain differences in summertime land temperature variance change between CMIP5 and CMIP6. Earth’s Future, 10(2), (2022): e2021EF002402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002402.How summertime temperature variability will change with warming has important implications for climate adaptation and mitigation. CMIP5 simulations indicate a compound risk of extreme hot temperatures in western Europe from both warming and increasing temperature variance. CMIP6 simulations, however, indicate only a moderate increase in temperature variance that does not covary with warming. To explore this intergenerational discrepancy in CMIP results, we decompose changes in monthly temperature variance into those arising from changes in sensitivity to forcing and changes in forcing variance. Across models, sensitivity increases with local warming in both CMIP5 and CMIP6 at an average rate of 5.7 ([3.7, 7.9]; 95% c.i.) × 10−3°C per W m−2 per °C warming. We use a simple model of moist surface energetics to explain increased sensitivity as a consequence of greater atmospheric demand (∼70%) and drier soil (∼40%) that is partially offset by the Planck feedback (∼−10%). Conversely, forcing variance is stable in CMIP5 but decreases with warming in CMIP6 at an average rate of −21 ([−28, −15]; 95% c.i.) W2 m−4 per °C warming. We examine scaling relationships with mean cloud fraction and find that mean forcing variance decreases with decreasing cloud fraction at twice the rate in CMIP6 than CMIP5. The stability of CMIP6 temperature variance is, thus, a consequence of offsetting changes in sensitivity and forcing variance. Further work to determine which models and generations of CMIP simulations better represent changes in cloud radiative forcing is important for assessing risks associated with increased temperature variance.This study was supported by the Harvard Global Institute and NSF (Award 1903657). D. Chan was also supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Weston Howland Jr. Postdoctoral Fellowship
Mechanistic development and recent applications of the Chan–Lam amination
No full textAuthors thank the University of St Andrews for a PhD studentship (MJW), the Leverhulme Trust for a postdoctoral fellowship (grant no.: RPG-2018-362; JWBF).Transition metal-mediated formation of C–N bonds is an essential synthetic methodology. The discovery of the Chan–Lam amination provided a C–N bond forming process that was mild, convenient, and inexpensive, offering an alternative to complementary methods using other transition metals (TMs). Over the past 20 years, this reaction has seen considerable development in its scope of application, uptake into industry, and understanding of its mechanism. This review provides an account of the development of the Chan–Lam amination, highlighting progress and notable examples of application since 2011. Focus is given to evolution in mechanistic understanding and selected applications of the methodology within medicinal and process chemistry.Peer reviewe
sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 – Supplemental material for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Yvonne C Learmonth, Matthew P Herring, Daniel I Russell, Lara A Pilutti, Sandra Day, Claudia H Marck, Bryan Chan, Alexandra P Metse and Robert W Motl in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
sj-docx-4-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 – Supplemental material for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-4-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Yvonne C Learmonth, Matthew P Herring, Daniel I Russell, Lara A Pilutti, Sandra Day, Claudia H Marck, Bryan Chan, Alexandra P Metse and Robert W Motl in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
sj-docx-3-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 – Supplemental material for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-3-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Yvonne C Learmonth, Matthew P Herring, Daniel I Russell, Lara A Pilutti, Sandra Day, Claudia H Marck, Bryan Chan, Alexandra P Metse and Robert W Motl in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
sj-docx-2-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 – Supplemental material for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-msj-10.1177_13524585231204459 for Safety of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Yvonne C Learmonth, Matthew P Herring, Daniel I Russell, Lara A Pilutti, Sandra Day, Claudia H Marck, Bryan Chan, Alexandra P Metse and Robert W Motl in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
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