28,012 research outputs found
EEG KISS: Shared Multi-modal, Multi Brain Computer Interface Experience, in Public Space
No full textCan shared intimate experience of social touch be mediated through multi-brain-computer interface (Multi-brain BCI) interaction in public space? Two artistic EEG KISS orchestrations, both multi-modal, multi-brain BCIs, are shown to create novel shared experiences of social touch in public space. These orchestrations purposefully disrupt and translate known forms of face-to-face connection and sound, to re-orchestrate unfamiliar sensory syntheses of seeing, hearing, touching and moving, connected to data-visualization and audification of brain activity. The familiar sensory relations between ‘who you kiss and who is being kissed, what you see and what you hear’ are captured in a model of digital synaesthetics in multi-modal multi brain BCI interaction for social touch. This model links hosted self-disclosure, witnessing, dialogue and reflection to intimate experience in public space through syntheses of the senses. As such, this model facilitates the design of new shared intimate experiences of multi modal multi brain BCI interaction through social touch in public space.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.System Engineerin
Eight Questions about Brain Drain
No full textHigh-skilled emigration is an emotive issue that in popular discourse is often referred to as brain drain, conjuring images of extremely negative impacts on developing countries. Recent discussions of brain gain, diaspora effects, and other advantages of migration have been used to argue against this, but much of the discussion has been absent of evidence. This paper builds upon a new wave of empirical research to answer eight key questions underlying much of the brain drain debate: 1) What is brain drain? 2) Why should economists care about it? 3) Is brain drain increasing? 4) Is there a positive relationship between skilled and unskilled migration? 5) What makes brain drain more likely? 6) Does brain gain exist? 7) Do high-skilled workers remit, invest, and share knowledge back home? and 8) What do we know about the fiscal and production externalities of brain drain?high-skilled emigration, brain gain, brain drain, development
Eight Questions about Brain Drain
No full textHigh-skilled emigration is an emotive issue that in popular discourse is often referred to as brain drain, conjuring images of extremely negative impacts on developing countries. Recent discussions of brain gain, diaspora effects, and other advantages of migration have been used to argue against this, but much of the discussion has been absent of evidence. This paper builds upon a new wave of empirical research to answer eight key questions underlying much of the brain drain debate: 1) What is brain drain? 2) Why should economists care about it? 3) Is brain drain increasing? 4) Is there a positive relationship between skilled and unskilled migration? 5) What makes brain drain more likely? 6) Does brain gain exist? 7) Do high-skilled workers remit, invest, and share knowledge back home? and 8) What do we know about the fiscal and production externalities of brain drain?Brain drain, Brain gain, High-skilled Emigration, Development
Acute Ethanol Administration Rapidly Increases Phosphorylation of Conventional Protein Kinase C in Specific Mammalian Brain Regions in Vivo
No full textBackground
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of isoenzymes that regulate a variety of functions in the central nervous system including neurotransmitter release, ion channel activity, and cell differentiation. Growing evidence suggests that specific isoforms of PKC influence a variety of behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects of ethanol in mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute ethanol exposure alters phosphorylation of conventional PKC isoforms at a threonine 674 (p-cPKC) site in the hydrophobic domain of the kinase, which is required for its catalytic activity.
Methods
Male rats were administered a dose range of ethanol (0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg, intragastric) and brain tissue was removed 10 minutes later for evaluation of changes in p-cPKC expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.
Results
Immunohistochemical data show that the highest dose of ethanol (2 g/kg) rapidly increases p-cPKC immunoreactivity specifically in the nucleus accumbens (core and shell), lateral septum, and hippocampus (CA3 and dentate gyrus). Western blot analysis further showed that ethanol (2 g/kg) increased p-cPKC expression in the P2 membrane fraction of tissue from the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Although p-cPKC was expressed in numerous other brain regions, including the caudate nucleus, amygdala, and cortex, no changes were observed in response to acute ethanol. Total PKC? immunoreactivity was surveyed throughout the brain and showed no change following acute ethanol injection
Eight questions about brain drain
No full textHigh-skilled emigration is an emotive issue that in popular discourse is often referred to as brain drain, conjuring images of extremely negative impacts on developing countries. Recent discussions of brain gain, diaspora effects, and other advantages of migration have been used to argue against this, but much of the discussion has been absent of evidence. This paper builds upon a new wave of empirical research to answer eight key questions underlying much of the brain drain debate: 1) What is brain drain? 2) Why should economists care about it? 3) Is brain drain increasing? 4) Is there a positive relationship between skilled and unskilled migration? 5) What makes brain drain more likely? 6) Does brain gain exist? 7) Do high-skilled workers remit, invest, and share knowledge back home? and 8) What do we know about the fiscal and production externalities of brain drain?Population Policies,Tertiary Education,International Migration,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Remittances
Brain death and death of human individual
No full textThe revised Organ Transplant Law of Japan, enforced from July, 2010, has made "brain death", as well as "cardiac death", death of human individual and procurement of an organ from a brain dead body is now possible by a surviving family's consent. However, brain death issue is a still serious topic, and arguments are going around on whether it is morally justifiable to accept brain death, and if so, in what sense. The author argues that death of human being occurs when "vital triangle," consisted of brain, heart and lung, is severed out
Brain evolution in bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera): auditory, Olfactory and Sensorimotor systems
No full textData for brain structure volumes was analysed using multiple regression to test for correlated volumetric evolution in bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Significant partial correlations were found between major brain subdivisions, and between structures within the Auditory, Olfactory and Sensonmotor Systems that were predicted to have evolved together on the basis of anatomical connectivity and known functional relationships. Results were clearest in the auditory and sensorimotor systems and weakest for the olfactory system which included many limbic structures. Megachiroptera and microchiroptera were analysed separately; there was good general agreement between the patterns of correlated evolution in both of these clades. When compared to previous studies of con elated volumetric evolution in Insectivores and Primates, it was found that the pattern of correlations found in bats showed features that are unique to the order. These results strongly suggest that brain evolution in bats has proceeded in a mosaic fashion with individual functional systems being the targets of selection
Transmission of facial expressions of emotion co-evolved with their efficient decoding in the brain: behavioral and brain evidence
No full textCompetent social organisms will read the social signals of their peers. In primates, the face has evolved to transmit the organism's internal emotional state. Adaptive action suggests that the brain of the receiver has co-evolved to efficiently decode expression signals. Here, we review and integrate the evidence for this hypothesis. With a computational approach, we co-examined facial expressions as signals for data transmission and the brain as receiver and decoder of these signals. First, we show in a model observer that facial expressions form a lowly correlated signal set. Second, using time-resolved EEG data, we show how the brain uses spatial frequency information impinging on the retina to decorrelate expression categories. Between 140 to 200 ms following stimulus onset, independently in the left and right hemispheres, an information processing mechanism starts locally with encoding the eye, irrespective of expression, followed by a zooming out to processing the entire face, followed by a zooming back in to diagnostic features (e.g. the opened eyes in "fear", the mouth in "happy"). A model categorizer demonstrates that at 200 ms, the left and right brain have represented enough information to predict behavioral categorization performance
Descreteness in spinal motor systems in the rat and frog
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 1998.Includes bibliographical references.by Matthew C. Tresch.Ph.D
Coordination in Brain Systems
No full textThis chapter reviews the concept of dynamic coordination, its mechanistic implementation
in brain circuits, and the extent to which dynamic coordination, and specific
manifestations of it, have the power to account for functions performed by interacting
brain systems. In our discussions, we addressed how on-the- y changes in coupling
between neural subpopulations might enable the brain to handle the fast-changing recombination of processing elements thought to underlie cognition. Such changes in
coupling should be apparent, rst and foremost, in the statistical relationship between
activity in interconnected brain systems, rather than in the individual ring patterns of
each subsystem. Dynamic coordination may manifest itself through a variety of mechanisms,
of which oscillation-based synchronization is likely to play an important but
not exclusive role. Also discussed is how modulation of phase relationships of oscillations
in different brain systems, in neocortex and hippocampus of the mammalian
brain, may change functional coupling, and how such changes may play a role in routing
of signals at cross sections between cortical areas and hippocampal subdivisions.
Possible mechanisms for oscillation-based synchronization, particularly in the gamma
frequency range, are explored. It is acknowledged that the brain is likely capable of
producing zero-phase lag between spatially dispersed cell populations by way of rather
simple coupling mechanisms, primarily when neuronal groups are coupled symmetrically.
Synchronization with remote areas may be most ef cient with phase differences
that match the conduction delays. Fast-conducting, long-range projecting interneurons
are identi ed as a potential substrate for synchronizing one neural circuit with another.
A number of research strategies are identi ed to enhance our understanding of dynamic
coordination of brain systems and how it might contribute to the implementation of the
functions of those systems
- …
