21 research outputs found
Analysis of AtGUS1 and AtGUS2 in Arabidopsis root apex by a highly sensitive TSA-MISH method
No full textA new highly sensitive whole-mount in situ hybridization method, based on tyramide signal amplification (TSA-MISH) was developed and a combined GFP detection and TSA-MISH procedure was applied for the first time in plants, to precisely define the spatial pattern of AtGUS1 and AtGUS2 expression in the root apex. β-glucuronidases (GUSs) belonging to the glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) 79 family, are widely distributed in plants, but their functional role has not yet been fully investigated. In the model system Arabidopsis Thaliana, three different AtGUS genes have been identified which encode proteins with putative different fates. Endogenous GUS expression has been detected in different organs and tissues, but the cyto-histological domains of gene expression remain unclear. The results here reported show co-expression of AtGUS1 and AtGUS2 in different functional zones of the root apex (the cap central zone, the root cap meristem, the staminal cell niche and the cortical cell layers of the proximal meristem), while AtGUS2 is exclusively expressed in the cap peripheral layer and in the epidermis in the elongation zone. Interestingly, both genes are not expressed in the stelar portion of the proximal meristem. A spatial (cortex vs. stele) and temporal (proximal meristem vs. transition zone) regulation of AtGUS1 and AtGUS2 expression is therefore active in the root apex. This expression pattern, although globally consistent with the involvement of GUS activity in both cell proliferation and elongation, clearly indicates that AtGUS1 and AtGUS2 could control distinct downstream process depending on the developmental context and the interaction with other players of root growth control. In the future, the newly developed approaches may well be very useful to dissect such interactions
Primary MiNEN of the urinary bladder: an hitherto undescribed entity composed of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with a distinct clinical behavior : Description of a case and review of the pertinent literature
No full textNeuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the urinary bladder are very rare and can be observed in the context of mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs), most frequently in association with urothelial carcinoma. Small cell NECs are far more common than large cell NECs (LCNECs), which are exceedingly rare. We describe a primary MiNEN of the urinary bladder, composed of a LCNEC and of an adenocarcinoma, in which the neuroendocrine component reached complete pathological regression after neoadjuvant M-VAC chemotherapy, whereas the non-neuroendocrine component of the tumor progressed to metastatic disease. Compared to mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms described in the literature until now, this appears to be a unique case that expands the spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasia of the urinary bladder
Espressione dei geni GUS e UGT85A in Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textLe β-glucuronidasi (GUS) sono enzimi che catalizzano l’idrolisi del legame glicosidico fra l’acido β-glucuronico e altre molecole e sono suddivise in due famiglie: glicosil-idrolasi 2 e glicosil-idrolasi 79. Le β-glucuronidasi della famiglia 2, alle quali appartiene il GUS di E. coli largamente usato come gene reporter nei vegetali, sono note in un grande range di organismi, ma sembrano essere assenti nelle piante, nelle quali l’attività GUS endogena sembra associata a β-glucuronidasi della famiglia 79 (Eparanasi) (1).
In Arabidpopsis thaliana sono stati identificati e parzialmente caratterizzati tre diversi geni GUS (AtGUS1, AtGUS2 e AtGUS3), dei quali AtGUS1 e AtGUS2 mostrano elevata omologia.
A parte funzioni specifiche (2),coinvolgimento delle β-glucuronidasi è stato proposto nel processo di accrescimento cellulare per distensione e, in particolare, nell’allungamento dei peli radicali (3). E’ stato, inoltre, ipotizzato che β-glucuronidasi, agendo in coordinazione con glucuronisiltrasferasi (UGT) del gruppo 85A, siano responsabili della regolazione del ciclo cellulare (4,5). Uno studio più recente tuttavia ha messo in parte in discussione quanto emerso in precedenza riportando che nelle radici di plantule di Arabidopsis thaliana non è presente attività β-glucuronidasica (6).
In questo lavoro si è voluto approfondire lo studio dell’espressione dei geni GUS e UGT in Arabidopsis. Verifiche preliminari effettuate con PCR semiquantitativa hanno mostrato che, nonostante il gene AtGUS2 risulti espresso in modo più rilevante rispetto a AtGUS1 e AtGUS3, tutti e tre i geni AtGUS sono espressi, sia pure differenzialmente, in tutti gli organi della pianta. I geni AtUGT85A mostranoun pattern di espressione più differenziato rispetto ai geni AtGUS. AtUGT85A1, AtUGT85A2 e AtUGT85A4 risultano differenzialmente espressi nei vari organi della pianta, mentre AtUGT85A3 e UGT85A7 mostrano un’espressione organo specifica che coinvolge fiore e foglia
Utilizzando la tecnica di ibridazione in situ con sonde multiple recentemente messa a punto su campioni vegetali (7), l’espressione dei geni GUS è stata studiata anche a livello tissutale. A livello radicale , il pattern di espressione dei tre geni analizzati appare chiaramente differenziato: AtGUS1 e AtGUS2 sono espressi nell’epidermide, nella zona corticale e nella cuffia, mentre l’espressione di AtGUS3 è limitata all’epidermide. Sono in corso le analisi relative agli altri organi della pianta e, in particolare, fiore e polline. Analogo approccio verrà esteso ai geni AtUGT85 al fine di verificarne l’overlapping o meno con i domini istologici di espressione dei geni GUS e definirne eventuali correlazioni
Elenco delle abbreviazioni
No full textAntico Testamento Gen. = Genesi Es. = Esodo Lev. = Levitico Dt. = Deuteronomio Is. = Isaia Gb. = Giobbe Nuovo Testamento Mt. = Matteo (ca. 90 d.C.) Mc. = Marco (ca. 70 d.C.) Lc. = Luca (ca. 100 d.C.) Gv. = Giovanni (ca. 110 d.C.) At. = Atti degli apostoli Lettere di Paolo Rm. = Lettera ai Romani (53-54 d.C.) 1 Cor. = Prima lettera ai Corinti (ca. 51 d.C.) 2 Cor. = Seconda lettera ai Corinti (ca. 52 d.C.) Gal. = Lettera ai Galati (ca. 52 d.C.) Fil. = Lettera ai Filippesi (ca. 51-52 o 57 d.C.
Structure and dynamics of gas phase ions: Interplay between experiments and computations in IRMPD spectroscopy
No full textObservational database serenoa repens (DOSSER): Overview analysis and results - A multicentric SIUrO (Italian Society of Oncological Urology) Project
No full textObjective: Men affected with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) are demonstrating to require an increasing amount of attention from Urologists and Primary-care Physicians. Over the years, common urological medications were based on either α-blockers and/or 5α-reductase inhibitors.During the last decade the phytotherapeutic drugs are gaining a more often central role in the BPH and LUTS managements. In particular, clinical usage of the extract of the dried ripe fruit of serenoa repens with a dosage of 320 mg per day, has shown its clinical efficacy and its superiority. Purpose of this multicentric observational retrospective study was to evaluate all the urological aspects (clinical, biochemical, instrumental and pathological) of patients affected by BPH and LUTS, with a PSA < 10 ng/ml, a previous negative prostatic biopsy and in therapy with a daily dose of 320/640 mg of serenoa repens.
Patients and Methods: The study was conducted in 8 different centers throughout Italy from September 2010 to November 2011. Data and information of 298 men with an average of 63 years (mean PSA of 5.4 ng/ml and mean prostate gland volume of 57 cc), affected by non-acute urinary symptoms caused by BPH, a dosed PSA level inferior to 10 ng/ml, a previous negative prostate biopsy and in therapy with serenoa repens alone or associated to an α-blocker, were retrospectively inserted in an extensive on-line SIUrO Database. Comprehensive questionnaires were filled in for each patient at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Each questionnaire contained various sections, each of them composed by several items: dosed PSA levels, uroflowmetry, International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) patterns, digital rectal examinations (DRE) aspects, previous prostate bioptical results (histology) and side effects.
Results: PSA levels weren’t subjected to an increase, revealing a stabilizing or downward trend. Percentage of patients with PSA below the level of 4 ng/mL was lower at the end of the study. The overall changes in the uroflowmetry were similar and parallel both in the group with only serenoa repens intake and in the group with serenoa repens plus α-blocker. The mean medium flow and the mean maximum flow had a slightly increase along the observation time. There was a substantial decreasing in the amount of patients presenting severe prostatic symptoms. Patients reported through the IIEF-5 score a sexual activity substantially unchanged after 6 months of follow-up. The serenoa repens intake resulted in an improvement of the “inflammatory-like reports”, in terms of ultrasound patterns, DRE and bioptical features.
Conclusions: serenoa repens demonstrated its efficacy reducing dysuria with minimal side effects. Further prospective studies might confirm its stabilization or lowering role on PSA levels in this cohort of patients and its possible clinical anti-inflammatory action
1323: Comparison between Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PNL) in the Treatment of Renal Stones of 1 to 2.5 cm in Diameter
No full text
