40 research outputs found
The H19 Long non-coding RNA in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis – a proposed unifying theory
No full textAdapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
صراع النفس في رواية البحث عن امرأة مفقودة لدكتور عماد زكي :دراسة تحليلية سيكولوجية على نظرية سيجمون فرويد
No full textمستخلص البحث
في هذ البحث، الباحث يريد أن يكشف عن صراع النفس المثخصية الرئيسية في رواية البحث عن امرأة مفقودة لدكتور عماد زكي. ولتسهيل البحث، يقدم الباحث مشكلات البحث التي تتكون من صورة صراع النفس يوجهها الشخعي الرئيسي وأسباب صراع النفس الشخعي الرئيسي وموقف الشخعي الرئيسي على مشكلاته النفسية. واستخدام الباحث جنس البحث الكيفي (Qualitative)، وطريقة الباحث لجمع البيانات هي بالطريقة المكتبة ( Library Research) وكانت طريقة تحليل البيانات باستخدام المنهج الوصفي (Descriptive Method) بتحليلة اليكولوجية (Psychoanalysis) على نظرية سيجمون فرويد .Sigmund Freud
يحلل الباحث الكتابة أو ما يكتبه الكاتب (Textual) وهي رواية البحث عن امرأة مفقودة" لدكتور عماد زكي. ويحلل الباحث بالنظرية سيجمون فرويد Sigmund Freud الذي ينظر من ثلاثة العناصر النفسية، وهي لهوى (Id)، والأنا (Ego)، والأنا العليا (Super Ego). ومن هذه الثلاثة العناصر بدأت التحليلة السيكولوجية التي تظهر النتائج، صورة صراع النفس وهي تبب يمشاعر الحب والعب والحزن والصداقة والجريمة. وكل ذلك نتاجا لتفاعل بين العناصر الثلاثة. ثم استخدام آلية الدفاع (Defense Mechanism) لموقف على تلك مثكلات الفغس وهي
(Sublimation) وتامي (Displacement) ونقل (Repression) وقمع (Rationalization) ترشيد
وإسقاط (Projection) وإنكار (Denial) والمعارضة نفها (Opposition Itself) وتثكيل التفاعل (Formation Reaction) و كبح (Suppression) ونكوص (Regression) ودعابة (Humor).
ABSTRAK
Dalam skripsi ini, peneliti ingin mengungkapkan konflik batin tokoh utama dalam novel “Mencari Perempuan Yang Hilang/خفرن rf/1 سث ص” Karya Dr. Imad Zaki. Peneliti menggunakan rumusan masalah untuk memudahkan dalam usaha penelitian, yaitu: bentuk konflik batin yang dialami tokoh utama, sebab-sebab konflik batin tokoh utama, dan sikap tokoh utama dalam menghadapi konflik batinnya. Jenis penelitiannya adalah kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data bersumber dari kepustakaan. Adapun metode analisis datanya adalah dengan mendiskripsikan berdasarkan teori psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud.
Peneliti menganalisis teks atau sesuatu yang telah ditulis pengarang (textual), yaitu: novel “Mencari Perempuan Yang Hilang/^ rf//الث ص” Karya Dr. Imad Zaki. Teori Sigmund Freud menyatakan tentang tiga unsur kepribadian, yaitu: id, ego, dan super ego. Dari ketiga unsur kepribadian tersebut maka dimulailah psychoanalysis yang menghasilkan hal-hal berikut. Bentuk konflik batin disebabkan oleh cinta, lelah, sedih, persahabatan, dan kejahatan. Semua bentuk konflik tersebut merupakan hasil interaksi antara ketiga unsur kepribadian. Kemudian, digunakanlah sistem pertahanan ego (defense mechanism) yang merupakan sikap untuk menghadapi konflik batin tersebut, diantaranya rasionalisasi, represi, penggantian, sublimasi, proyeksi, penolakan, melawan diri sendiri, pembentukan reaksi, supresi, regresi, dan humor.
ABSTRACT
In this thesis, the writer wants to reveal the internal conflict of the main character in the novel “Finding The Lost Woman/ خفر rf/1 &; d^J ” By Dr. Imad Zaki. Researchers used a formulation of the problem to facilitate the research effort, namely: the shape of the internal conflict experienced by the main character, the causes of the main character’s internal conflicts, and main character’s attitude in the face of internal conflict. This research is qualitative which uses data collection methods derived from the literature. The analysis method of this research describes the data based on the theory of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud.
The researcher analyzed the text or something that has been written by the author (textual), that is the novel “Finding The Lost Woman/ خفر rf/1 ب ص” By Dr. Imad Zaki. Sigmund Freud said three elements of personality are the id, ego and super ego. Psychoanalysis was began from that three things which result the following things. Internal conflict caused by love, tired, sad, friendship, and crime. All of that are the result of interaction among the three elements of personality. Then the ego’s defense mechanism is an attitude to deal with the internal conflict including rationalization, repression, displacement, sublimation, projection, denial, opposition itself, formation reaction, suppression, regression, and humor
A study of Kuwait's monetary sector.
No full textThis study is concerned with the structure, development and working of the monetary sector in the State of Kuwait. Initially, the characteristics of the Kuwaiti economy are examined in order to put the monetary sector into perspective. It is shown that the Kuwaiti economy possesses the general characteristics of less developed economies together with some distinguishing properties. It is argued that since there exists no one-to-one relationship between government revenue and expenditure, the money supply, in the short run, tends to be insulated from the effect of the external balance. - The working of Kuwait's monetary sector is studied through the balance sheets of the Central Bank and commercial banks, and that leads on to an analysis of the money supply process. The definition of money is discussed, and it is argued on the basis of empirical evidence that the broad money supply is the most appropriate for the purpose of monetary control. Causality testing reveals a unidirectional effect from money to income, and the estimation of velocity equations indicates that financing economic development by monetary injections is inflationary in the short run. A multiplier reduced-form model reveals the viability of short-run monetary control in Kuwait, but it is argued that monetary policy has been ineffective in this respect. It is also postulated that the combination of interest and exchange rate policies gives rise to the recurring problem of capital outflows. A structural econometric model of the monetary sector shows that the equilibrium stock of money is determined by supply and demand factors, and that the control of banks' reserves can (in part) accomplish the objective of monetary control. The model also reveals that both monetary and fiscal actions affect real output and prices, but the former tend to be more powerful. It is recommended on the basis of this study that the Central Bank should be given greater autonomy in formulating and executing monetary policy, and that its research capabilities need to be improved. Urgent attention must be paid to developing financial markets and upgrading tools of monetary policy. Finally, It Is argued that the Ministry of Finance should take part in the control of money and credit by manipulating its deposits and, perhaps, adopting a simple constant change rule in government expenditure
The H19 non-coding RNA is essential for human tumor growth.
No full textBackgroundMutations and epigenetic aberrant signaling of growth factors pathways contribute to carcinogenesis. Recent studies reveal that non-coding RNAs are controllers of gene expression. H19 is an imprinted gene that demonstrates maternal monoallelic expression without a protein product; although its expression is shut off in most tissues postnatally, it is re-activated during adult tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis. Moreover, H19 is highly expressed in liver metastasis derived from a range of carcinomas. The objective of this study is to explore the role of H19 in carcinogenesis, and to determine its identification as an anti-tumor target.Methodology/principle findingsBy controlling oxygen pressure during tumor cell growth and H19 expression levels, we investigated the role of H19 expression in vitro and in vivo in hepatocellular (HCC) and bladder carcinoma. Hypoxia upregulates the level of H19 RNA. Ablations of tumorigenicity of HCC and bladder carcinomas in vivo are seen by H19 knockdown which also significantly abrogates anchorage-independent growth after hypoxia recovery, while ectopic H19 expression enhances tumorigenic potential of carcinoma cells in vivo. Knocking-down H19 message in hypoxic stress severely diminishes p57(kip2) induction. We identified a number of potential downstream targets of H19 RNA, including angiogenin and FGF18.ConclusionsH19 RNA harbors pro-tumorigenic properties, thus the H19 gene behaves as an oncogene and may serve as a potential new target for anti-tumor therapy
The oncofetal H19 RNA connection: Hypoxia, p53 and cancer
No full textAbstractExpression of the imprinted H19 gene is remarkably elevated in a large number of human cancers. Recently, we reported that H19 RNA is up-regulated in hypoxic stress and furthermore, it possesses oncogenic properties. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of these phenomena remain(s) unknown. Here we demonstrate a tight correlation between H19 RNA elevation by hypoxia and the status of the p53 tumor suppressor. Wild type p53 (p53wt) prevents the induction of H19 upon hypoxia, and upon its reconstitution in p53null cells. The last case is accompanied by a decrease in cell viability. The p53 effect is nuclear and seems independent of its tetramerization. Furthermore, using knockdown and over-expression approaches we identified HIF1-α as a critical factor that is responsible for H19 induction upon hypoxia. Knocking down HIF1-α abolishes H19 RNA induction, while its over-expression significantly enhances the H19 elevation in p53null hypoxic cells. In p53wt hypoxic cells simultaneous suppression of p53 and over-expression of HIF1-α are needed to induce H19 significantly, while each treatment separately resulting in a mild induction, indicating that the molecular mechanism of p53 suppression effect on H19 may at least in part involve interfering with HIF1-α activity. In vivo a significant increase in H19 expression occurred in tumors derived from p53null cells but not in p53wt cells. Taken together, our results indicate that a functional link exists between p53, HIF1-α and H19 that determines H19 elevation in hypoxic cancer cells. We suggest that this linkage plays a role in tumor development
Runoff Water Management on Karstic Terrain and Stability of Slopes and Foundations in Northern Spain
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.This communication analyzes the latest experiences in slope and foundation drainage and runoff water management to improve resilience in roadway infrastructures. The actions resulted from temporary rain and adverse weather conditions during the months of January and February 2012 and 2013, which caused singular damage to several road slopes in Northern Spain. The objective of the repair was to restore road safety and road stability. Regarding runoff water, heavy rains cause loose and scattered stone movements along the slopes of the La Hermida Gorge and in the limestone rocky massifs that make up the Gorge. There are also many karst caves exiting that load their levels to the fullest and produce impressive waterfalls on the road. The energy of these waterfalls was dissipated, and the water curtain was channeled into the Deva River through an innovative solution. With regard to the drainage of slopes and foundations, the action carried out on the slope of the A-8 motorway includes its stabilization by biological engineering. All the actions presented in this article have proven to be valid throughout the last year of road operation. Furthermore, the monitoring system used in full-scale tests for dynamic barriers according to ETAG-27 is reliable to better understand the force transmission mechanism and also for future design purposes.Peer reviewe
Survival outcome after radiation therapy for patients with early cervical carcinoma undergoing inadequate primary surgery
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the survival outcome after radiation therapy for patients with early cervical carcinoma undergoing inadequate primary surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical charts of all patients with stage IA2 to IIA carcinoma who were referred with inappropriate primary surgery and treated with radiation therapy was reviewed. The collected data include age, presenting symptoms, retrospective stage, lymph node status, histology type, type of surgery, baseline radiologic status before radiotherapy, details of radiation therapy, follow-up, and details of disease recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to show the OS and recurrence-free survival. Results: A total of 32 patients were treated. The median age of the patients was 48.2 years, with a range of 27.6 to 79.2 years. Twenty-three patients had retrospective stage IB1, and 9 had stage IIA disease. The most common type of surgery (62.5percent) was total abdominal hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) status was not determined in 20 patients, 11 had PLND surgical assessment (2 were positive), and 1 had bulky PLND by computed tomographic scan. Baseline assessment showed that 14 patients had no residual disease, 11 had microscopic disease, and 7 had macroscopic disease. The follow-up ranged from 3.3 to 77.8 months, with a median of 24.3 months. Eleven patients developed disease recurrence, and all of them died of their disease. Two- and 5-year OS rates were 79percent and 51.7percent. Univariate analysis did not show a statistically significant effect of either the disease stage or residual disease survival. Conclusions: Survival outcome after radiation therapy for patients with early-stage cervical cancer undergoing inadequate surgery seems to be markedly worse than that for patients of comparable stage treated initially with radical radiation. © 2013 by IGCS and ESGO.AMPIL F, 1987, CANCER, V60, P280, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(19870801)60:3280::AID-CNCR28206003033.0.CO;2-1; ANDRAS EJ, 1973, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V115, P647; Buckley SL, 1996, GYNECOL ONCOL, V63, P4, DOI 10.1006-gyno.1996.0268; Choi DH, 1997, GYNECOL ONCOL, V65, P506, DOI 10.1006-gyno.1997.4711; Creasman WT, 1998, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V178, P62, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9378(98)70628-3; DAVY M, 1977, ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN, V56, P105; DURRANCE FY, 1968, AMER J ROENTGENOL RA, V102, P165; Franco EL, 2003, CANCER J, V9, P348, DOI 10.1097-00130404-200309000-00004; HELLER PB, 1986, OBSTET GYNECOL, V67, P187; HOPKINS MP, 1990, GYNECOL ONCOL, V36, P7, DOI 10.1016-0090-8258(90)90100-Y; KINNEY WK, 1992, GYNECOL ONCOL, V44, P24, DOI 10.1016-0090-8258(92)90006-5; Landoni F, 1997, LANCET, V350, P535, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(97)02250-2; MATSUYAMA T, 1984, CANCER, V54, P3072, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(19841215)54:123072::AID-CNCR28205412443.0.CO;2-E; Munstedt K, 2002, GYNECOL ONCOL, V86, P337, DOI 10.1006-gyno.2002.6767; NEWTON M, 1975, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V123, P535; ORR JW, 1986, OBSTET GYNECOL, V68, P353; PERKINS PL, 1984, GYNECOL ONCOL, V17, P340, DOI 10.1016-0090-8258(84)90219-1; RODDICK JW, 1971, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V109, P754; ROMAN LD, 1993, GYNECOL ONCOL, V50, P179, DOI 10.1006-gyno.1993.1189; Wilson CM, 2004, INT J GYNECOL CANCER, V14, P1, DOI 10.1111-j.1048-891x.2004.14178.x0
Collecting the uncanny and the labour of missing
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Perception-aware packet-loss resilient compression for networked haptic systems
No full textHaptic systems are increasingly being used in various applications such as virtual training, remote presence, and telesurgery. Human perception characteristics play a major role in the design of perceptual compression methods for haptic systems. However, the performance of these methods is jeopardized when packet loss occurs in the network. This study presents a packet loss resilient perceptual compression method, the modified prediction deadband method, as a novel enhancement on the linear prediction deadband method. The proposed method shows a significant improvement in user experience compared to other previously published methods, without a considerable loss in the compression ratio. Moreover, the method presents many advantages over other error-resilient compression methods, since it has a low footprint on the computational cost and on the memory consumption of the system. In addition, it does not require any previous knowledge or statistics regarding the state of the network. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Awed J., 2012, LECT NOTES COMPUTER, V7283, P1, DOI DOI 10.1007-978-3-642-31404-9_1; Brandi F., 2010, P ACM MULT FIR IT OC, P351, DOI 10.1145-1873951.1874000; Brandi F., 2011, P IEEE INT S HAPT AU; Clarke S., 2006, IEEE INT WORKSH HAPT, P23; Conti F., 2005, P IEEE WORLD HAPT PI; Elhajj Imad, 2006, IEEE RSJ INT C INT R, P989; Hikichi K., 2001, P IEEE INT C MULT EX, P744; Hinterseer P., 2006, P IEEE INT C AC SPEE; Hinterseer P., 2006, P 14 S HAPT INT VIRT, P35; Hinterseer P., 2005, P INT C AC SPEECH SI, V2, DOI 10.1109-ICASSP.2005.1415600; Hinterseer P., 2006, IEEE INT C CONS EL I; Hirche S., 2005, P 16 IFAC WORLD C PR; Hirche S., 2005, P IFAC WORLD C INT F; Kremer P., 2009, P IEEE INT C ROB AUT; Kuschel M, 2009, IEEE T SYST MAN CY A, V39, P1142, DOI 10.1109-TSMCA.2009.2027219; Moyne J.R., 2002, P AM CONTR C ANCH AL; Nitsch V, 2008, 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HAPTIC AUDIO VISUAL ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS, P75, DOI 10.1109-HAVE.2008.4685302; Shahabi C, 2002, IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO, VOL I AND II, PROCEEDINGS, P657; Shahabi C., 2001, ACM SIGMETRICS PERF; Steinbach E., 2011, P IEEE FRONT AUD COM; Steinbach E, 2011, IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG, V28, P87, DOI 10.1109-MSP.2010.9387531
