10 research outputs found
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПОЛОВОТО СЪОТНОШЕНИЕ ВЪРХУ ОПЛОДЕНОСТТА НА ЯЙЦАТА ПРИ МУСКУСНА ПАТИЦА (CAIRINA MOSHCATA)
No full textStudy was carried out for establishing the optimal sex ratio in Muscovy duck breeding. Four variants of the ratio of the male to the female individuals were tested: 1:5(I), 1:6(II), 1:7(III) and 1:8(IV). In the frames of each sex ratio (variant), two subgroups (sub-variants) were formed with the aim of establishing the effect of the hierarchy relations among the drakes on egg fertility: with one male in a group (A) and with more than one male in a group (B). The highest egg fertility – 97.09 % was achieved at 1:5 sex ratio (with more than one drake in a group) and the lowest – 93.41 % at 1:8 sex ratio (with a single male in a group). Signifi cant decrease in egg fertility was registered when increasing the sex ratio to 1:8, that effect being displayed more weakly at more than one male in the group. When increasing the ratio, the presence of more than one drake in the family group exerted a positive infl uence on egg fertility, due to the preference of the males to certain females and
the distribution of the rest of the females among the drakes placed in the hierarchy below the “alpha”, depending on their grade in the hierarchy order. The most appropriate sex ratio for Muscovy duck species was 1:5, and, when there was shortage of the male reproduction material, 1:6 ratio was also acceptable, especially if more than one drakes were placed in the family group (effect of supporting the alpha)
ПРОУЧВАНЕ ВЪРХУ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНИЯ РЕЖИМ ПРИ ИНКУБИРАНЕ НА ЯЙЦА ОТ МУСКУСНА ПАТИЦА (CAIRINA MOSCHATA) I. ПРОУЧВАНЕ ВЪРХУ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНИЯ РЕЖИМ ПРИ ЕСТЕСТВЕНО ЛЮПЕНЕ НА ЯЙЦА ОТ МУСКУСНА ПАТИЦА
No full textStudy was carried out on the temperature regime on the surface of naturally hatched Muscovy duck eggs with the aim of its specifying during artificial incubation. Egg fertility and hatchability during the whole period of study were reported in the experimental hatches.
Depending on the period of the embryo development, on the ambient temperature and the egg position in the nest, the
surface temperature of the naturally hatched Muscovy duck eggs varied between 35.78 and 38.87о С. The temperature increase of the upper egg surface after the 20th – 23st day of the embryonic development to 37.92 - 38.87о С was due to the use of yolk fats by the embryos leading to the release of more heat.
As a result of the observations on the temperature regime of the surface of naturally hatched Muscovy duck eggs, we recommend that during artificial hatching of eggs from the same waterfowl species the following temperature should be maintained:
– until closing of the allantois - 37.6 – 37.8 о С.
– from closing of the allantois until the transfer into the hatchery - 37.2 – 37.5 оС.
– in the hatchery - 36.7 – 37.0 оС.
– water cooling of eggs by it twofold per day sprying with distilled water at 18–20°С, since 20th, instead of 8th or 16th day of embryonary development, or accomplish it in hatchery only
ПРОУЧВАНЕ ВЪРХУ ЯЙЧНАТА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТ ПРИ МУСКУСНА ПАТИЦА (CAIRINA MOSCHATA) В ЗАВИСИМОСТ ОТ НАЧИНА НА ОТГЛЕЖДАНЕ
No full textStudy was conducted on egg laying productivity and egg fertility of Muscovy duck in conventional and biological breeding of the fowls. The higher biological degree in the breeding method has lead to signifi cantly higher values of all the studied characteristics: 4-week prolongation of the laying season, higher values in the laying peaks, greater egg weight (85.32 versus 78.36 g ***) and egg fertility (97.81 versus 96.18% *). Summer spells of hot weather and the
high laying capacity in the peak did not exert a negative effect on the egg weight and fertility in biological breeding of the layers
EFFECT OF THE SEX RATIO ON THE EGG FERTILITY OF MUSCOVY DUCK (CAIRINA MOSHCATA)
No full textStudy was carried out for establishing the optimal sex ratio in Muscovy duck breeding. Four variants of the ratio of the male to the female individuals were tested: 1:5(I), 1:6(II), 1:7(III) and 1:8(IV). In the frames of each sex ratio (variant), two subgroups (sub-variants) were formed with the aim of establishing the effect of the hierarchy relations among the drakes on egg fertility: with one male in a group (A) and with more than one male in a group (B). The highest egg fertility – 97.09 % was achieved at 1:5 sex ratio (with more than one drake in a group) and the lowest – 93.41 % at 1:8 sex ratio (with a single male in a group). Signifi cant decrease in egg fertility was registered when increasing the sex ratio to 1:8, that effect being displayed more weakly at more than one male in the group. When increasing the ratio, the presence of more than one drake in the family group exerted a positive infl uence on egg fertility, due to the preference of the males to certain females and the distribution of the rest of the females among the drakes placed in the hierarchy below the “alpha”, depending on their grade in the hierarchy order. The most appropriate sex ratio for Muscovy duck species was 1:5, and, when there was shortage of the male reproduction material, 1:6 ratio was also acceptable, especially if more than one drakes were placed in the family group (effect of supporting the alpha)
STUDY ON THE TEMPERATURE REGIME IN INCUBATION OF MUSCOVY DUCK EGGS I. STUDY ON TEMPERATURE REGIME IN NATURAL HATCHED MUSCOVY DUCK EGGS
No full textStudy was carried out on the temperature regime on the surface of naturally hatched Muscovy duck eggs with the aim of its specifying during artificial incubation. Egg fertility and hatchability during the whole period of study were reported in the experimental hatches. Depending on the period of the embryo development, on the ambient temperature and the egg position in the nest, the surface temperature of the naturally hatched Muscovy duck eggs varied between 35.78 and 38.87о С. The temperature increase of the upper egg surface after the 20th – 23st day of the embryonic development to 37.92 - 38.87о С was due to the use of yolk fats by the embryos leading to the release of more heat. As a result of the observations on the temperature regime of the surface of naturally hatched Muscovy duck eggs, we recommend that during artificial hatching of eggs from the same waterfowl species the following temperature should be maintained: – until closing of the allantois - 37.6 – 37.8 о С. – from closing of the allantois until the transfer into the hatchery - 37.2 – 37.5 оС. – in the hatchery - 36.7 – 37.0 оС. – water cooling of eggs by it twofold per day sprying with distilled water at 18–20°С, since 20th, instead of 8th or 16th day of embryonary development, or accomplish it in hatchery only
STUDY ON EGG LAYING CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCOVY DUCK (CAIRINA MOSHCATA) DEPENDING ON THE BREEDING METHOD
No full textStudy was conducted on egg laying productivity and egg fertility of Muscovy duck in conventional and biological breeding of the fowls. The higher biological degree in the breeding method has lead to signifi cantly higher values of all the studied characteristics: 4-week prolongation of the laying season, higher values in the laying peaks, greater egg weight (85.32 versus 78.36 g ***) and egg fertility (97.81 versus 96.18% *). Summer spells of hot weather and the high laying capacity in the peak did not exert a negative effect on the egg weight and fertility in biological breeding of the layers
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПРОБИОТИК ЛАКТИНА® ВЪРХУ НОСЛИВОСТТА И ОПЛОДЕНОСТТА И ЛЮПИМОСТТА НА ЯЙЦА ОТ МУСКУСНА ПАТИЦА (CAIRINA MOSHCATA)
No full textThe effect of Laktina® probiotic on some major characteristics of the reproduction capacity of Muscovy duck (White variety) has been studied. The experiment was carried out with 96 ducks in their fi rst reproduction season, distributed into an experimental and a control group of equal numbers. The combined forage for feeding the experimental group contained 500 g/t of the tested probiotic. The following characteristics were studied: egg production, egg weight,
fertility and viability (hatchability of fertile eggs). It was established that the average egg production (93.91 versus 67.88 eggs per duck) and the egg-laying intensity for the period (45.92 versus 34.63 %) were in favour of the group receiving probiotic, the advantage being statistically signifi cant (p< 0.001) and sustainable throughout the season. The advantage of 2.33 g in the egg weight (p< 0.001) of the control group was explained by the signifi cantly increased laying capacity of the ducks from the experimental group.
No effect of Lactina probiotic was established on egg fertility and viability
EXPERIMENTAL INFLUENCE OF LAKTINA® PROBIOTIC ON EGG LAYING CHARACTERISTICS, FERTILITY AND VIABILITY IN MUSCOVY DUCK (CAIRINA MOSHCATA)
No full textThe effect of Laktina® probiotic on some major characteristics of the reproduction capacity of Muscovy duck (White variety) has been studied. The experiment was carried out with 96 ducks in their fi rst reproduction season, distributed into an experimental and a control group of equal numbers. The combined forage for feeding the experimental group contained 500 g/t of the tested probiotic. The following characteristics were studied: egg production, egg weight, fertility and viability (hatchability of fertile eggs). It was established that the average egg production (93.91 versus 67.88 eggs per duck) and the egg-laying intensity for the period (45.92 versus 34.63 %) were in favour of the group receiving probiotic, the advantage being statistically signifi cant (p< 0.001) and sustainable throughout the season. The advantage of 2.33 g in the egg weight (p< 0.001) of the control group was explained by the signifi cantly increased laying capacity of the ducks from the experimental group. No effect of Lactina probiotic was established on egg fertility and viability
Conceptual Model and Security Requirements for DRM Techniques Used for e-Learning Objects Protection
No full textThis paper deals with the security problems of DRM protected e-learning content. After a short review
of the main DRM systems and methods used in e-learning, an examination is made of participators in DRM
schemes (e-learning object author, content creator, content publisher, license creator and end user). Then a
conceptual model of security related processes of DRM implementation is proposed which is improved afterwards
to reflect some particularities in DRM protection of e-learning objects. A methodical way is used to describe the
security related motives, responsibilities and goals of the main participators involved in the DRM system. Taken
together with the process model, these security properties are used to establish a list of requirements to fulfill and
a possibility for formal verification of real DRM systems compliance with these requirements
International Journal &quot;Information Technologies and Knowledge &quot; Vol.1 / 2007 CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND SECURITY REQUIREMENTS FOR DRM TECHNIQUES USED FOR E-LEARNING OBJECTS PROTECTION
No full textAbstract: This paper deals with the security problems of DRM protected e-learning content. After a short review of the main DRM systems and methods used in e-learning, an examination is made of participators in DRM schemes (e-learning object author, content creator, content publisher, license creator and end user). Then a conceptual model of security related processes of DRM implementation is proposed which is improved afterwards to reflect some particularities in DRM protection of e-learning objects. A methodical way is used to describe the security related motives, responsibilities and goals of the main participators involved in the DRM system. Taken together with the process model, these security properties are used to establish a list of requirements to fulfill and a possibility for formal verification of real DRM systems compliance with these requirements
