158 research outputs found
Reviewing the Author-Function in the Age of Wikipedia
No full textIn Reviewing the Author-Function in the Age of Wikipedia, Amit Ray and Erhardt Graeff examine how wiki technology challenges traditional concepts of authorship and authority in knowledge production. The authors build on poststructuralist theory, particularly Roland Barthes\u27s Death of the Author and Michel Foucault\u27s concept of the author-function, to analyze how wikis destabilize individual authorship in favor of collaborative, community-driven content creation.
The essay argues that wikis represent a fundamental shift from the Romantic notion of the solitary author-genius to what they term the wiki writing process —a dynamic system where traditional roles of reader, writer, and editor blur into a unified community of users. Using Wikipedia as a primary case study, the authors demonstrate how the platform\u27s structure (article, discussion, and history pages) creates a digital palimpsest that archives all contributions while enabling continuous revision.
Through analysis of Wikipedia\u27s editing patterns and community oversight mechanisms, Ray and Graeff show how wikis embody poststructuralist principles in practice, creating what they call serial collaborations that exist in perpetual flux. The authors conclude that wikis represent an evolved form of textual production that realizes Foucault\u27s vision of discourse freed from traditional authorial constraints, offering new possibilities for collaborative knowledge creation while challenging established notions of intellectual authority and ownership
The invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera affects mycorrhizal fungi, plant and invertebrate diversity in deciduous forests
No full textNon-native plant species have the potential to affect an ecosystem by changing species diversity, community structure and interactions among organisms. It is therefore important to understand potential mechanisms that contribute to the success of invasive plants. In the context of my PhD thesis, I examined the effect of the invasive annual herb I. glandulifera on mycorrhizal, plant and invertebrate diversity in a deciduous forest near Basel (Switzerland). I also studied the potential mechanism that could contribute to the success of I. glandulifera. A controlled field experiment was set up in three forest areas that were affected to a different extend (little, moderatly, high) by a former wind storm. In each area, three different plot types were installed: plots invaded by I. glandulifera, plots from which the invasive plants had been manually removed and plots which were no yet colonized by the invasive plant. The results of my thesis demonstrate that I. glandulifera affects above and as well as belowground organisms and has the potential to change soil conditions.
Aboveground gastropod richness and abundance were found to be higher in invaded plots than in control plots. The presence of I. glandulifera also altered the composition of gastropod species. Belowground fewer types of ectomycorrhiza were found on root systems of F. sylvatica saplings. Moreover, in plots with I. glandulifera the composition of ectomycorrhiza morphotypes was shifted. Considering mycorrhizal colonisation on fine roots saplings of both tree species, the presence of the invasive plant resulted in a reduction of ectomycorrhizal colonisation of F. sylvatica saplings and of arbuscular mycorrhiza colonisation on A. pseudoplatanus. Thus, disruption of mycorrhizal symbiosis probably led to a lower biomass and survival rate in saplings of both species grown in invaded plots. Additional results showed that soil moisture, soil pH, available phosphorus and microbial activity were increased in invaded plots.
Increased gastropods abundance and richness could be explained by higher soil moistures and damped soil temperature in invaded plots. However, measured changes in soil conditions did not affect mycorrhizal colonisation and performance of both sapling species. Therefore allelopatic effects of I. glandulifera on mycorrhizal symbioses were also examined. Allelopatic compounds are known to contribute to the spread of some invasive plant species and can disrupt mycorrhizal symbiosis. I identified the allelopathic compound 2-methoxy-1,4-naphtoquinone (2-MNQ) in plant organs of I. glandulifera, in soil of its proximity and in rain water rinsed from its leaves. Specific bioassays using shoot and root extracts of I. glandulifera as well as synthetic 2-MNQ revealed strong inhibitory effects on mycelium growth of ectomycorrhiza fungi and on the germination of native forest herbs. This finding indicates that the release of 2-MNQ may contribute to the invasion success of I. glandulifera.
Health, function and diversity of forest ecosystems are closely linked to the abundance and richness of mycorrhizal fungi. This study demonstrates that the spread I. glandulifera into deciduous forest ecosystem resulted in lower mycorrhizal colonisation of saplings. Thus, forest regeneration might be strongly affected by I. glandulifera. Moreover, changes in soil chemistry and soil conditions induced by I. glandulifera caused shifts in above- and belowground communities. Therefore ecosystem services and functions of forest habitats can be affected. Removal or stopping the preceding spread of I. glandulifera may be an investment for the conservation of native species and may prevent potential losses in timber production
Dynamics in team-based knowledge work: understanding processes and media use
No full textTeams are fundamental mechanisms to create and mobilize knowledge in the workplace. Yet, our understanding of the internal processes that govern the manner in which teams create and mobilize knowledge remains limited. Drawing on 102 interviews (over 65 hours of recorded data) and archival data such as team observations, over 400 emails between team members, and documents in six team projects in the USA and Sweden from pharmaceutical, insurance and engineering companies, I build a grounded theory of team-based knowledge work. The theory delineates three key knowledge processes that constitute the notion of team-based knowledge work – knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and team learning. This theoretical framing is then further explored in the context of task complexity, distributed knowledge, interdependence, media use and political dynamics in teams. Theoretical and practical implications are addressed.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-193)by Niclas L. Erhard
Crosstalk between PTGS and TGS pathways in natural antiviral immunity and disease recovery
No full textVirus-induced diseases cause severe damage to cultivated plants, resulting in crop losses. Certain plant-virus interactions allow disease recovery at later stages of infection and have the potential to reveal important molecular targets for achieving disease control. Although recovery is known to involve antiviral RNA silencing 1,2, the specific components of the many plant RNA silencing pathways 3 required for recovery are not known. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with oilseed rape mosaic virus (ORMV) undergo symptom recovery. The recovered leaves contain infectious, replicating virus, but exhibit a loss of viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) protein activity. We demonstrate that recovery depends on the 21-22 nt siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) pathway and on components of a transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) pathway that is known to facilitate non-cell-autonomous silencing signalling. Collectively, our observations indicate that recovery reflects the establishment of a tolerant state in infected tissues and occurs following robust delivery of antiviral secondary siRNAs from source to sink tissues, and establishment of a dosage able to block the VSR activity involved in the formation of disease symptoms.Fil: Kørner, Camilla Julie. Universidad de Basilea; SuizaFil: Pitzalis, Nicolas. Université de Strasbourg; FranciaFil: Peña, Eduardo José. Université de Strasbourg; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Erhardt, Mathieu. Université de Strasbourg; FranciaFil: Vazquez, Franck. Universidad de Basilea; SuizaFil: Heinlein, Manfred. Universidad de Basilea; Suiza. Université de Strasbourg; Franci
Ex Materia De Eucharistia Sacra Tres Quaestiones Easque Primarias Contra Pontificios / sub Præsidio Christiani Hagmajeri, Theol. D. & Prof. Publici Ord. ... ad Disputandum proponit Author & Respondens Georgius Paulus Erhardt, Ratisbonensis, ante hac Membrum Ordinis Francisci FF. ...
No full textTübingen, Univ., theol. Diss., 1731Autopsie nach Ex. der ULB Sachsen-AnhaltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Tubingæ, impressit Josephus Sigmund
On the interaction and localization of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus replicase
No full textInternational audienc
ETUDE DES PROTEINES DE MOUVEMENT DE DEUX PHYTOVIRUS A RNA, LE PCV ET LE BNYVV (LOCALISATION IN SITU DES PROTEINES DE MOUVEMENT ET MISE EN EVIDENCE D'INTERACTIONS SPECIFIQUES ENTRE CES PROTEINES VIRALES)
No full textSTRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Corresponding author:
No full textGY, an extensively studied human hemianope, is aware of salient visual events in his cortically blind field but does not call this 'vision'. To learn whether he has low-level conscious visual sensations, or whether instead he has gained conscious knowledge about, or access to, visual information that does not produce a conscious phenomenal sensation, we attempted to image-process a stimulus s presented to the impaired field so that when the transformed stimulus T(s) was presented to the normal hemifield it would cause a sensation similar to that caused by s in the impaired field. While degradation of contrast, spatio-temporal filtering, contrast reversal, and addition of smear and random blobs all failed to match the response to a flashed bar s f, moving textures of low contrast were accepted to match the response to a moving contrast-defined bar s m. Orientation and motion direction discrimination of the perceptually matched stimuli (s m and T(s m)) was closely similar. We suggest that the existence of a satisfactory match indicates that GY has phenomenal vision
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