37 research outputs found
A case report on congenital methemoglobulinemia-neonatal cyanosis
No full textMethemoglobin (MetHb) is a form of hemoglobin where iron is in an oxidized ferric state, impairing its oxygen-binding capacity. This condition can be hereditary or acquired, leading to methemoglobinemia when MetHb levels exceed 3%. Hereditary methemoglobinemia, although rare, presents with hypoxia and cyanosis. This case report discusses a 1-month 7-day-old female diagnosed with congenital methemoglobinemia caused by NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, characterized by persistent cyanosis unresponsive to oxygen therapy. The patient presented with fever, loose stools, vomiting, and respiratory distress. Initial examination revealed significant findings including pallor, hyperpigmentation of the skin, tachycardia, tachypnea, and respiratory failure. Diagnosis involved ABG with co-oximetry, revealing high MetHb levels and severe metabolic acidosis. Management included methylene blue administration, packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusion, and supportive care. Despite initial treatment challenges, the patient showed clinical improvement with normalization of methemoglobin levels. This report emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis and careful management of congenital methemoglobinemia to prevent complications
A case report and insightful review of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
No full textWe present a case of a 9-month-old male, born to a third-degree consanguineous marriage, presenting with a month-long history of mild to moderate fever occurring 3-4 times daily. The child remained active during afebrile periods and exhibited no associated symptoms. Physical examination revealed pallor and multiple abrasions on bilateral fingers, with stable vital signs. Extensive investigations for infectious and hematological conditions were negative. Notably, the child did not cry during IV insertion and the fever developed after sun exposure. A detailed CNS examination revealed an absence of sensation to crude touch, pain and temperature, leading to further tests which confirmed the diagnosis of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). This case underscores the importance of considering CIPA in children with unexplained fevers and insensitivity to pain, particularly in consanguineous families and highlights the need for regular follow-ups and supportive management
Management of Type 1 Plastic Bronchitis—A Pediatric Case Report
No full textABSTRACT Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare and potentially fatal condition characterized by the formation of branching bronchial casts, leading to airway obstruction that can cause severe respiratory failure. We present the case of a 23‐month‐old male with a recent diagnosis of asthma who presented to our hospital with a worsening 7‐day fever and a 5‐day cough and shortness of breath. He had a history of two hospitalizations and multiple nebulizations with comparable symptoms before this appointment. His chest CT scan during his stay at our hospital revealed volume loss and consolidation with an air bronchogram in the lateral segment of the right middle lobe and the entire right lower lobe. Bronchoscopy showed that the bronchus intermedius was blocked by a bronchial mucus cast. After removal of the cast, the biopsy's histopathology revealed that the cast was made of fibrinous debris and inflammatory cells, predominantly eosinophils and a small number of neutrophils. As a result, this patient was given a working diagnosis of Type 1 plastic bronchitis. In treating this child's plastic bronchitis, our main objectives were to treat underlying problems, relieve acute airway obstructions, and stop further cast development. Bronchoalveolar culture revealed the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae for which ceftazidime and avibactam were initiated. A follow‐up chest X‐ray showed a notable improvement. For both prevention and therapy, we started mucolytics and fibrinolytics for the patient. Montelukast, low‐dose azithromycin, bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids were employed to treat the inflammation resulting from his plastic bronchitis. A metered dose inhaler containing budesonide (Budecort) was given to the patient upon discharge to reduce inflammation and enhance lower lung airflow. The patient was given urgent pediatric follow‐up on discharge to monitor symptom worsening/improvements. A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for the diagnosis and management of plastic bronchitis (PB). Management entails ongoing medical care to address underlying diseases and avoid the need for additional casts, as well as the bronchoscopic removal of casts to relieve airway obstruction
Fabrication of high efficiency poly-SiOx passivated c-Si FBC solar cells
No full textCarrier selective passivating contacts (CSPC) have proven to effectively curtail the recombination losses emerging at directly metallised contacts of crystalline Silicon (c-Si) solar cells. CSPCs enabled using an ultra-thin interfacial tunnel oxide layer (SiOx) capped by a doped polycrystalline Silicon (poly-Si) layer also referred to as Tunnel Oxide Passivating Contacts (TOPCon) have resulted in efficiencies as high as 25.8%. This thesis project addresses the development of oxygen alloyed poly-Si (poly-SiOx) in combination with an interfacial oxide layer grown by dry thermal oxidation. The limited transparency of poly-Si based contacts brought on by high free carrier absorption (FCA) can be mitigated by the use of poly-SiOx based passivating contacts owing to their wider bandgaps which induce stronger band bending.To begin with, poly-SiOx CSPC were optimised by determining the optimum thermal budgets for tunnel oxide growth and hydrogenation scheme. Tunnel oxide layers grown at 675 ͦC 6 minutes demonstrated very good passivation for p-type polished and n-type textured CSPCs indicated by their implied Voc of 709 mV and 711 mV respectively. For the p-type textured CSPC identified as the primary limiting factor when deploying in c-Si solar cells, a tunnel oxide layer grown at 675 ͦC 3 minutes in conjunction with a two-step annealing scheme showed a crucial enhancement in passivation quality with a final implied Voc of 687 mV.The single side textured front back contacted (FBC) solar cell fabricated using the optimised p-type polished and n-type textured poly-SiOx CSPC recorded a conversion efficiency of 20.94% on a 4 cm2 screen printed solar cell. The reported efficiency is the maximum that has been attained so far for the configuration that uses a thermally grown tunnel oxide layer with poly-SiOx CSPCs. Effective carrier transport and carrier collection was illustrated by a fill factor (FF) of 79.6%. A Jsc of 37.91 mA/cm2 was recorded for the same. A comparison with a single side textured FBC solar cell that employed a tunnel oxide layer grown by nitric acid oxidation of Silicon (NAOS) revealed a superiority in performance by the thermally grown tunnel oxide layer resulting in better passivation and carrier selectivity.Lastly, the optimised n-type textured and p-type textured CSPCs were implemented on a double side textured FBC solar cell. The two-step annealing scheme that showed beneficial results for the p-type textured CSPC was implemented within the FBC solar cell, leading to an implied Voc of 698mV post hydrogenation. It is worth mentioning that this is the highest value achieved until now for this novel cell architecture. Implementation of screen printing resulted in a final conversion efficiency of 19.38% on a 4 cm2 solar cell with a FF and Jsc of 77.89% and 37.65 mA/cm2 respectively.Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technolog
Rheology and Guar Gum Addition Study of Microbial Lipase Solution
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Prognostic value of rise in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in predicting the mortality in pediatric intensive care
No full textAdult-onset still’s disease: a case report and a comprehensive review
No full textAdult-onset still disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting young adults, especially women, characterized by fever, arthralgia, skin rash, hyperleukocytosis and increased ferritin levels. It can be monocyclic, polycyclic, or chronic, with chronic cases primarily involving the joints. Ferritin, a protein that stores iron in the body, can be significantly elevated in AOSD due to systemic inflammation and the body’s response to it. Treatment typically includes corticosteroids, methotrexate, and biological therapy. Recent treatments like anakinra, tocilizumab, and TNFα-blockers have shown promise. This case report details a 26-year-old woman with a one-month history of fever, arthralgia, and weight loss. She was diagnosed with a new onset AOSD, based on elevated ferritin, liver enzymes, IL-6, and IL-18 levels. Her symptoms improved with systemic corticosteroid therapy, and she was discharged with oral steroids, NSAIDS and regular follow-ups
CMOS Buffer Design Approach for Low Power and Lower Delay SRAM Design
No full textAbstractLeakage power dissipation of on-chip SRAM constitutes a significant amount of the total chip power consumption in microprocessors and System on chips. With technology scaling, it is becoming increasingly challenging to maintain the yield while attempting to reduce the leakage power of SRAMs. The sources of SRAM power are the sum of the power consumed by decoders, memory array, write drivers, Sense amplifiers, and I/O line drivers. This paper is mainly focuses on the development of power and delay efficient SRAM structure. The paper describes the comparison of different CMOS tapper buffer topology's as word line drivers while driving large capacitive loads for minimizing power dissipation and propagation delay. The comparison has been designed and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso Spectre in 180nm technology
Electronic structure and low temperature magnetoresistance of polycrystalline TlMQ2 (M = Sc, Bi, Q = Se, Te)
No full textStructural and optical modification of ZnO:Al thin films by molybdenum co-doping and the origin of green emission
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