11,110 research outputs found
Antidepressants for the treatment of depression in people with cancer
No full textMajor depression and other depressive conditions are common in people with cancer. These conditions are not easily detectable in clinical practice, due to the overlap between medical and psychiatric symptoms, as described by diagnostic manuals such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Moreover, it is particularly challenging to distinguish between pathological and normal reactions to such a severe illness. Depressive symptoms, even in subthreshold manifestations, have been shown to have a negative impact in terms of quality of life, compliance with anti-cancer treatment, suicide risk and likely even the mortality rate for the cancer itself. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants in this population group are few and often report conflicting results
Antidepressants for the treatment of depression in people with cancer
No full textBackground: Major depression and other depressive conditions are common in people with cancer. These conditions are not easily detectable in clinical practice, due to the overlap between medical and psychiatric symptoms, as described by diagnostic manuals such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Moreover, it is particularly challenging to distinguish between pathological and normal reactions to such a severe illness. Depressive symptoms, even in subthreshold manifestations, have a negative impact in terms of quality of life, compliance with anticancer treatment, suicide risk and possibly the mortality rate for the cancer itself. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of antidepressants in this population are few and often report conflicting results. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of antidepressants for treating depressive symptoms in adults (aged 18 years or older) with cancer (any site and stage). Search methods: We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was November 2022. Selection criteria: We included RCTs comparing antidepressants versus placebo, or antidepressants versus other antidepressants, in adults (aged 18 years or above) with any primary diagnosis of cancer and depression (including major depressive disorder, adjustment disorder, dysthymic disorder or depressive symptoms in the absence of a formal diagnosis). Data collection and analysis: We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcome was 1. efficacy as a continuous outcome. Our secondary outcomes were 2. efficacy as a dichotomous outcome, 3. Social adjustment, 4. health-related quality of life and 5. dropouts. We used GRADE to assess certainty of evidence for each outcome. Main results: We identified 14 studies (1364 participants), 10 of which contributed to the meta-analysis for the primary outcome. Six of these compared antidepressants and placebo, three compared two antidepressants, and one three-armed study compared two antidepressants and placebo. In this update, we included four additional studies, three of which contributed data for the primary outcome. For acute-phase treatment response (six to 12 weeks), antidepressants may reduce depressive symptoms when compared with placebo, even though the evidence is very uncertain. This was true when depressive symptoms were measured as a continuous outcome (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.92 to -0.12; 7 studies, 511 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and when measured as a proportion of people who had depression at the end of the study (risk ratio (RR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.96; 5 studies, 662 participants; very low-certainty evidence). No studies reported data on follow-up response (more than 12 weeks). In head-to-head comparisons, we retrieved data for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and for mirtazapine versus TCAs. There was no difference between the various classes of antidepressants (continuous outcome: SSRI versus TCA: SMD -0.08, 95% CI -0.34 to 0.18; 3 studies, 237 participants; very low-certainty evidence; mirtazapine versus TCA: SMD -4.80, 95% CI -9.70 to 0.10; 1 study, 25 participants). There was a potential beneficial effect of antidepressants versus placebo for the secondary efficacy outcomes (continuous outcome, response at one to four weeks; very low-certainty evidence). There were no differences for these outcomes when comparing two different classes of antidepressants, even though the evidence was very uncertain. In terms of dropouts due to any cause, we found no difference between antidepressants compared with placebo (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.38; 9 studies, 889 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and between SSRIs and TCAs (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.22; 3 studies, 237 participants). We downgraded the certainty of the evidence because of the heterogeneous quality of the studies, imprecision arising from small sample sizes and wide CIs, and inconsistency due to statistical or clinical heterogeneity. Authors' conclusions: Despite the impact of depression on people with cancer, the available studies were few and of low quality. This review found a potential beneficial effect of antidepressants against placebo in depressed participants with cancer. However, the certainty of evidence is very low and, on the basis of these results, it is difficult to draw clear implications for practice. The use of antidepressants in people with cancer should be considered on an individual basis and, considering the lack of head-to-head data, the choice of which drug to prescribe may be based on the data on antidepressant efficacy in the general population of people with major depression, also taking into account that data on people with other serious medical conditions suggest a positive safety profile for the SSRIs. Furthermore, this update shows that the usage of the newly US Food and Drug Administration-approved antidepressant esketamine in its intravenous formulation might represent a potential treatment for this specific population of people, since it can be used both as an anaesthetic and an antidepressant. However, data are too inconclusive and further studies are needed. We conclude that to better inform clinical practice, there is an urgent need for large, simple, randomised, pragmatic trials comparing commonly used antidepressants versus placebo in people with cancer who have depressive symptoms, with or without a formal diagnosis of a depressive disorder
Leadership development in a faith-based non-profit organisation using a relational leadership model: A case study
Full text linkThis paper describes a case study of a Leadership Development Program (LDP) which has been developed and conducted at a large faith-based non-profit organization providing aged and community care in Australia. Walter Wright's Relational Leadership model which used insights from Jude, Philemon and Colossians was adopted by the organization. Started as a pilot in 2003 the LDP was implemented in 2007 and has been run regularly since then. The LDP was systematically evaluated by an independent researcher recently. The evaluation concluded that the program has been effective and recommended that it continue with some minor modifications. The organization in which this program was developed is a partner in an Australian Research Council (ARC) linkage grant started in 2010 between three universities and two faith-based non-profit organizations providing aged care and community care. This paper has been written by four researchers involved in the linkage grant. Four interviews on participants in the LDP were conducted by the authors to evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership program in order to prepare this paper. The study was carried out to clarify the research aim for the principal author (who is a PhD student in the ARC grant) by trying to understand what the LDP program was aiming to achieve and to be presented at the Spirituality at Work conference at the University of Arkansas
Faith Reyher Jackson papers
No full textAuthor, educator, dancer/choreographer and master gardener Faith Reyher Jackson was born in New York City in 1919 to author Ferdinand Reyher (1890-1967) and author and women's rights activist Rebecca Hourwich Reyher (1898-1985). Jackson attended Bennington College in Bennington, Vermont, where she studied under Martha Hill and Martha Graham, graduating with a degree in dance and the arts in 1939. Jackson pioneered a program in dance education at the Academy of the Washington Ballet, where she served as the headmistress from 1964 until her retirement in 1978. Upon her retirement, Jackson devoted considerable time to her gardening efforts, earning her the title of master gardener. Jackson's journalistic career includes positions as the beauty editor of the New York Post from 1945 to 1946 and book editor of the Miami Herald from 1948 to 1950, and she has written for a number of publications, including Dance Magazine, Home & Garden, Mid-Atlantic Country, and American Horticulturist. Her major publications include both fiction and nonfiction, beginning with a scholarly biography of landscape architect William Lyman Phillips, Pioneer of Tropical Landscape Architecture: William Lyman Phillips in Florida, published in 1997 by the University Press of Florida. Jackson's fiction includes Meadow fugue and Descant (2002), for which she was awarded the Washington Writers Award, and her most recent publication, Stone's Throw (2009). Faith Jackson died on November 12, 2012. The collection documents Jackson's literary and journalistic activities, as well as major gardening projects. Material includes correspondence, manuscripts, architectural drawings, photographs, publications, and clippings
Oral history interview with Faith Phillips
No full textFaith Phillips, author of fiction and nonfiction, recalls her childhood and comments on the culture of Adair County, Oklahoma. She talks about her early career as a lawyer and about what prompted her to change her focus to writing. Phillips covers her travels, including a mission trip to Africa and how that changed her perspective on life. She discusses her writing process and a couple of her books, Now I Lay Me Down and Ezekiel's Wheels. She also comments on her emotional struggles with writing a true crime story.The Deep Roots: Oklahoma Authors Collection is a series of interviews with authors who discuss their lives, work, and creative processes
Faith-based programs
No full textFaith-based programs are one of the oldest forms of correctional treatment in prisons around the world. In the United States (US), faith-based programming was the original and primary form of treatment. The use of faith-based programming in the US was reduced greatly with the rise of the medical model of inmate rehabilitation in the mid-twentieth century. Recently, however, faith-based programming has experienced revitalization with the Charitable Choice provision of the 1996 Welfare Reform and development of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives in 2002 (since renamed to the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships). Consequently, faith-based organizations are now allowed to compete for federal grants once reserved exclusively for non-religious organizations. As such, the increased presence and use of faith-based programming in correctional contexts has simultaneously continued a strong tradition and has renewed a long-standing debate in corrections.Encyclopedia EntryPre-prin
Faith in the Year Of Faith
Full text linkJ. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI as a pope and author of the idea promulgating the Year of Faith is presented in the paper with his concept of faith. The striking element of Ratzinger’s theology is a personal approach to faith. Faith as an encounter triggering conversion is a fully positive and existencial experience of God, who engages the whole person and personality (unitotality of faith), the reason and love. This attitude of faith builds human praxis and shapes interpersonal relations. Here comes the phenomenon of the Church, which the Pope treats as a source and place of faith, especially with reference to liturgy, owing to which the true relation with the Trune God is established and developed.J. Ratzinger/Benedict XVI as a pope and author of the idea promulgating the Year of Faith is presented in the paper with his concept of faith. The striking element of Ratzinger’s theology is a personal approach to faith. Faith as an encounter triggering conversion is a fully positive and existencial experience of God, who engages the whole person and personality (unitotality of faith), the reason and love. This attitude of faith builds human praxis and shapes interpersonal relations. Here comes the phenomenon of the Church, which the Pope treats as a source and place of faith, especially with reference to liturgy, owing to which the true relation with the Trune God is established and developed
2015|16 MLK Lecture: Faith Ringgold: More than 60 Years
No full text2015|16 MLK Series Keynote, artist, activist, author and teacher Faith Ringgold shares inspiring, humorous and very human stories illustrating her life’s work. Through political imagery and first-hand accounts of the civil rights movement of the 1960s, she contextualizes her immense body of work and reflects on how artists and designers use creativity and making to advance the values of democracy, equity and access for all
A critical comparison of William James and Søren Kierkegaard on religious belief
No full textThis thesis is a critical comparison of the accounts of religious belief proposed byWilliam James and Søren Kierkegaard. Both James and Kierkegaard greatly emphasizethe subjective aspects of religious belief. In view of this fact, surprisingly littlecomparative work has been done in this area. I contribute to this literature in two ways.Firstly, I make a brief assessment of what James knew of Kierkegaard’s work.Secondly, I draw four comparisons between Kierkegaard and James. In Chapter One Iexamine the claim that Kierkegaard proposes a pragmatist account of faith of the kindthat James sets out in his essay The Will To Believe. I argue that this claim rests on amisunderstanding of Kierkegaard’s argument that to have faith is to take a risk. In thefollowing chapter I discuss James’s and Kierkegaard’s views on formal proofs for theexistence of God. Both philosophers reject the notion that faith can be based on suchproofs. I distinguish between their positions, and argue in favour of Kierkegaard’s. Inthe third chapter I compare Kierkegaard’s and James’s accounts of religious experience.James views religious experiences as a special kind of evidence for the existence ofGod. For Kierkegaard it is a mistake to view religious experiences as evidence. Suchexperiences should be understood in relation to the concept of religious authority. In thefinal chapter I examine Kierkegaard’s conception of faith as a life-view. I argue that forKierkegaard a life-view is a fundamental perspective on one’s existence. I compare thisconception with James’s concept of philosophical temperament and in relation to hisdiscussion of the sick soul
Minor Threat, Faith, Void, Iron Cross concert flier, Wilson Center, Washington, D.C., April 30, 1982
No full textFlier promoting a concert with the Washington, D.C. hardcore punk bands Minor Threat, Iron Cross, The Faith, Artificial Peace, Double O, and Void. The concert occurred at the Wilson Center in Washington, D.C. on April 30, 1982. The flier was designed by Leslie Clague, later the co-author of "Banned in DC," the first history of the D.C. punk scene, published in 1988
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