1,721,022 research outputs found
Il mercato del lavoro
No full textLa presente sezione si articola in tre parti volte a delineare il quadro occupazionale1
degli stranieri nel Lazio e nelle sue province. In particolare, la prima parte descrive l’andamento
della popolazione straniera in età da lavoro2, ovvero l’evoluzione temporale del
numero di stranieri residenti nel Lazio e nelle province in età compresa tra 15-64 anni;
la popolazione straniera in età da lavoro può essere considerata una proxy dell’offerta potenziale
di lavoro da parte degli stranieri3. Tale andamento viene quindi confrontato con
quello relativo all’Italia, al fine di ottenere un confronto tra la dinamica laziale e quella nazionale.
La seconda parte, invece, valuta gli aspetti della domanda di lavoro, prendendo in
considerazione sia gli stranieri occupati nel Lazio e nelle sue province (distinti per categorie
occupazionali), sia la percentuale di assunzioni di personale straniero rispetto al totale,
assunzioni (previste) da parte delle imprese per i vari settori dell’economia. La terza parte,
infine, si concentrerà sull’analisi dell’occupazione straniera nella provincia di Roma, dove
risiede l’80% della popolazione straniera presente nel Lazio. In questa sezione l’analisi sarà
più articolata in quanto, oltre agli aspetti già menzionati, si terrà conto anche di ulteriori
caratteristiche riguardanti la condizione dei lavoratori immigrati (tra cui, la tipologia di
contratto, il settore d’impiego ed il livello d’istruzione)
Wage distribution and the spatial sorting of workers
No full textThis article investigates the role that sorting plays in the relation between spatial
externalities and wage distribution. Using Italian employer–employee panel data and
quantile fixed-effects estimates, we point out that sorting matters and that its impact is
not uniformly distributed along the wage distribution. Nonetheless, after controlling for
the spatial sorting and endogeneity, we find an increasing impact of spatial externalities
along the wage distribution. We also characterize the spatial sorting of workers across
sectors and along the skills distribution. We point out that the spatial sorting is not
homogeneous across sectors and that there is evidence supporting interpretation in
terms of a dilating effect
What drives the spatial wage premium for formal and informal workers? The case of Ecuador [WP]
Full text linkThis article investigates the incidence of agglomeration externalities in a typical developing country, Ecuador. In particular, we analyze the role of the informal sector within these relations, since informal employment accounts for a significant part of total employment in the developing countries. Using individual level data and instrumental variable techniques, we investigate the impact of spatial externalities, in terms of population size and local specialization, on the wages of workers in Ecuadorian cities. The results show that spatial externalities matter also for a typical developing country, especially as far as urbanization externalities are concerned. Moreover, analysis of the interaction between spatial externalities and the informal economy shows a general penalization for informal workers in terms of benefits arising from agglomeration externalities. Finally, by investigating the possible channels behind the heterogeneity found in spatial agglomeration gains between formal and informal workers, we show that the advantages from agglomeration for formal workers may well be accounted for by positive sorting and better gains from job changes, while for informal workers they rise from positive learning externalities
The Institutional Adjustment Margin to Import Competition: Evidence from Italian Minimum Wages
Full text linkA growing body of research has contributed to understanding the labor market and political effects of globalization. This paper explores an overlooked aspect of trade-induced adjustments in the labor market: the institutional aspect. We take advantage of the two-tier collective bargaining structure of the Italian labor market, whereby the first tier entails setting minimum wages at the contract level. Using an instrumental variable strategy and exploiting variations in contract-level exposure to trade, we find for the 1995-2003 period that on average, the surge in imports decreased contractual minimum wages by 1.5%. This impact increased with the increase in the share of unskilled workers employed under this contract. This negative institutional effect contrasts with a nonsignificant effect of trade on total wages, with the latter becoming positive and large only for highly skilled workers
What drives the spatial wage premium in formal and informal labour markets? The case of Ecuador
No full textThis article investigates the incidence of agglomeration
externalities in Ecuador, a small-sized, middle-income developing
country. In particular, we analyze the role of the informal sector
within these relations, since informal employment accounts for a
significant part of total employment in the developing countries.
Using individual level data and instrumental variable techniques,
we investigate the impact of spatial externalities, in terms of
population density, local specialization and urban size, on the
wages of workers in Ecuadorian cities. The results show that
spatial externalities matter also for a small developing country.
Moreover, analysis of the interaction between spatial externalities
and informality shows that, on average, workers employed in the
informal sector do not enjoy significant benefits from
agglomeration externalities. Finally, by investigating the possible
channels behind spatial agglomeration gains we show that the
advantages from agglomeration for formal sector workers may
well be accounted for by better job-quality matches and, to a
lesser extent, by learning externalities. For informal sector
workers, our findings also suggest possible gains from job
changes, which offset a penalty for remaining employed in the
same occupatio
China's import competition, innovation strategies, and the role of unions
No full textThis paper investigates the relationship between China’s import competition and the innovation strategies of domestic firms. Using firm level data from Italy spanning 2005-2010 and employing IV fixed effects estimation techniques, we find that the impact of China’s import competition on innovation varies depending on the type of goods imported (intermediate vs. final). Specifically, imports of final goods boost both product and process innovation, while imports of intermediate goods reduce both. Additionally, we extend the analysis to consider the role of unions in moderating these responses. We find that, in unionized firms, imports' impact on innovation is mitigated, specifically to protect workers' employment prospects
L'occupazione atipica
No full textPer “lavoro atipico” si intendono tutti quei rapporti di impiego basati su forme contrattuali
flessibili ed intermittenti che differiscono dalla forma cosiddetta ‘standard’, più tradizionale
e ancora più diffusa, che è quella del contratto di lavoro a tempo pieno e indeterminato.
Dei lavoratori atipici fanno parte i dipendenti a tempo determinato (compresi i lavoratori
interinali, i lavoratori a chiamata, i contratti di formazione-lavoro e apprendisti e stagisti
qualora retribuiti) ed una buona parte dei lavoratori parasubordinati (titolari di contratti
di collaborazione coordinata e continuativa e a progetto e di collaborazione occasionale),
nonché i collaboratori a partita IVA
What Drives the Urban Wage Premium? Evidence along the Wage Distribution
Full text linkThis paper aims at disentangling the role played by different explanations on the urban wage premium along the wage distribution. We analyze the wage dynamics of migrants from lower to higher density areas in Italy, using quantile regressions and individual data. The results show that unskilled workers benefit more from a wage premium accruing over time, while skilled workers enjoy a wage premium when they migrate as well as a wage increase over time. Further, we find that for unskilled workers the wage growth over time is mainly due to human capital accumulation, consistently with the learning hypothesis, while for skilled workers it is the coordination hypothesis that matters
The extent of rent sharing along the wage distribution
Full text linkThe relation between rent sharing and wages has generally been evaluated on average wages. This paper uses a unique employer-employee panel database to investigate the extent of rent sharing along the wage distribution in Italy. We apply quantile regression techniques and control for national level bargaining, unobserved worker and firm heterogeneity and endogeneity. Our findings show that the extent of rent-sharing decreases along the wage distribution, suggesting that unskilled workers benefit most from firms’ rents. By applying quantile regressions by occupational categories, we show that the decreasing pattern is mainly driven by blue collar workers, while estimates for white collars are higher and basically constant along the wage distribution. We also provide evidence that unions might represent one of the driver of our findings
The Impact of Combining Work with Study on the Labour Market Performance of Graduates: the Joint Role of Work Intensity and Job-Field Match [WP]
Full text linkThis paper investigates the effects of working during university education on students’ labour market performance. We jointly consider the role of work intensity and the relationship with the field of study in a framework that accounts for self-selection into different types of jobs. The empirical analysis draws on data from three successive cohorts of graduates from the Spanish region of Catalonia. Our results point out that the probability of being employed four years after graduation is significantly higher for students who have worked in jobs well-matched with their degree relative to both full-time students and students who have worked in unrelated jobs. Further, the probability of having a permanent job is generally higher for those who worked before graduation, especially in the case of jobs related to the degree. However, the likelihood of early career job-qualification match is negatively affected by pre-graduation work experiences unrelated to degree’s content
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