41 research outputs found
Total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of clinacanthus nutans extract
No full textIntroduction: Clinacanthus nutans is used as natural nutraceuticals for prevention and treatment of cancer. The purpose of this study is to (i) determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant scavenging capacities of C. nutans in free and bound phenolic acid and (ii) study the relationship between TPC and antioxidant scavenging capacities of C. nutans. Methods: The total phenolic contents were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Free and bound phenolic were examined by using spectrophotometer while antioxidant capacity were evaluated using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity assay. Results: Insoluble phenolic acids showed the highest amount of total phenolic content in C. nutans extracts (6.09+ 0.45 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/ g DW) and exhibited highest antioxidant activity (73.3+0.82 %) as compared to free and soluble phenolic extracts. The IC50 values for free phenolic, soluble bound and insoluble bound phenolic extracts were 0.69+0.02 mg/mL, 0.64+0.04 and 0.60+0.006 mg/mL, respectively. There were positive correlation between insoluble bound phenolic content of C. nutans extracts with antioxidant radical scavenging capacity (R2 = 0.893). Conclusions: These results indicate that different phenolic acid forms affect the total phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Natural compounds such as phenolics from C. nutans could be a good source of antioxidant
Total phenolics contents and free radical scavenging capacity of piper sarmentosum (pucuk kaduk) extract
No full textInvestigation of phenotypic characterisation, metabolic profile and energy balance in male KLF3 knockout mice
No full textObesity is a disease characterised by an excess of white adipose tissue (WAT) driven by increased energy intake and/or decreased energy expenditure. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms underlying energy balance and linking obesity with metabolic disorders are not well understood. The use of genetically modified animal models allows understanding of the involvement of specific genes, such as in fat formation and metabolic processes. This can be used to identify targets for prevention or treatment of obesity. Our laboratory has a particular interest in Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3), a transcription factor that is involved in the process of adipocyte maturation. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of KLF3 in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo. For this purpose, Klf3-/- mice on an FVB/NJ strain were developed and bred in-house. Only male Klf3-/- mice were used for investigation, and they were fed a standard chow or lard-based high fat diet. Male Klf3-/- mice have reduced body weight on a chow diet, and were resistant to diet-induced weight gain on a high fat diet. The reduced body weight in Klf3-/- mice was not attributed to reduced food intake, increased energy expenditure or increased faecal energy excretion. Instead, the negative energy balance in Klf3-/- mice was, in part, due to increased glucosuria. Klf3-/- mice have improved glucose tolerance and were resistant to diet-induced glucose intolerance. Klf3-/- mice have increased plasma adipolin levels and increased gene expression associated with anti-inflammatory macrophages in epididymal fat, which may contribute to the improved glucose tolerance. Klf3-/- WAT ex vivo was found to have both increased lipolysis and lipogenesis, implying another potential means of energy loss via futile cycling. In conclusion, KLF3 may play important roles in energy homeostasis and metabolism, and could potentially be targeted for treatments of obesity and associated disorders
Antioxidant capacity of the green leafy vegetables using oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC), 2,2'-Azino-Bis (3Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulphonic Acid (ABTS) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays
No full textAntioxidants are believed to play a very important role in the body defence system against reactive oxygen species (ROS), the harmful by-products that are generated during normal aerobic cell respiration. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity in green leafy vegetables using ORAC, ABTS, and DPPH assays of different polyphenol fractions (free phenolic, alkaline hydrolysate, acidic hydrolysate).The antioxidant capacity of the identified free and bound phenolic acid content was measured using different assays including ORAC, ABTS, and DPPH assay (end-point assay and kinetic assay). Only hydrophilic antioxidant activities of all selected samples were examined using ORAC assay. Strong correlations were observed in acidic and alkaline hydrolysate fractions (p<0.01) as determined by ORAC and ABTS assays, respectively. In the free phenolic acid extracts, the O. basilicum (Sweet basil) ranked first, had highest antioxidant capacities of 521804±4243 µmol TE/100g DW, 329.8±0.4mg TE/g DW and 9.0±1.8 µg GAE/g DW as determined by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH, respectively. . The A. occidentale (Cashew shoot) in the alkaline hydrolysate extract showed a greatest antioxidant capacity in all three assays: 889126±7193 µmol TE/100g DW, 466.5±7.9 mg TE/g DW and 3.5±0.4 µg GAE/g DW as measured by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH, separately. While, in acidic hydrolysate, the A. occidentale (Cashew shoot) extract also dominated the antioxidant capacity with (560504±5785 µmol TE/100g DW, 387±0.7 mg TE/g DW and 5.9±0.5 µg GAE/g DW) as determined by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. The acidic and basic hydrolysis yielded higher antioxidant capacities in the present study. It suggests that hydrolysis with alkaline and acidic play significant roles in liberating more phenolic acids and flavonoids and generating high antioxidant capacity in the extracts
Profiling of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities from Malaysian aromatic plants
No full textPhenolic compounds are plant-derived antioxidants that have the ability to reduce and prevent oxidative damage, owing to their free-radical scavenging properties. The present study aimed to determine total phenolic content (TPC), profile selected phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities in five plants namely Citrus hystrix, Coriandrum sativum, Murraya koenigii, Polygonum minus and Ocimum basilicum in three different fractions - free, soluble bound and insoluble bound phenolic. The TPC was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method and phenolic compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The result showed that the phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, sinapinic acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin were detected in all fractions of the five plants at distinctive proportion. For majority of plants, phenolic acids extracted from soluble and insoluble bound phenolic fractions had higher concentrations compared to free phenolic fraction. P. minus showed the highest TPC in free (2.47 ± 0.57 mg GAE/g) and soluble bound (1.75 ± 0.57 mg GAE/g) phenolic fractions (p<0.05). Whilst, the highest TPC in insoluble bound phenolic fraction was shown by O. basilicum (1.99 ± 0.41 mg GAE/g) (p<0.05). In DPPH assay, P. minus had predominantly higher antioxidant activities in free (91.34 ± 0.94%) and soluble bound (90.31 ± 2.41%) phenolic fractions when compared to other plants (p<0.05). Whilst, O. basilicum was the excellent radical scavenger in insoluble bound (86.42 ± 2.90%) phenolic fraction (p<0.05). A similar trend was observed for ABTS antioxidant assay, where P. minus showed the maximum radical scavenging activities in free (85.87 ± 3.61%) and soluble bound (94.85 ± 4.13%) phenolic fractions. O. basilicum showed the highest radical scavenging activity in insoluble bound (77.36 ± 4.38%) phenolic fraction (p<0.05). These antioxidant capabilities can be correlated with the presence of phenolic acids. In fact, there were strong correlations between TPC and DPPH (r = 0.87) and TPC and ABTS (r = 0.86). In conclusion, all plants contained phenolic acids but only P. minus and O. basilicum had the highest phenolic contents with utmost antioxidant activitie
Antimacrobial Properties of gynura procumbens (Sambung Nyawa) leaves In methanolic and acidic extracts
No full textIntroduction: Gynura procumbens, commonly known as ‘sambung nyawa’ in Malaysia has been used
traditionally as remedies for anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidimic and anti-hyperglycemic. The
purpose of the present study was to qualitatively evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Gynura procumbens
extracts. Methods: The sample was extracted using methanol and acid hydrolysis. The antimicrobial
effects of the sample were determined by disc diffusion method against two bacteria and two fungi
namely E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. Results: The results showed that the acidic extract of
G. procumbens has positive reactions towards E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans with the presence of zone of
inhibition at the concentration of 150 mg/mL. Following the positive reaction, the minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) of the acidic extract was then evaluated by broth dilution method. The MIC of E. coli
and S. aureus were determined at concentration 37.5 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL for C. albicans. It indicated
that acidic extracts at lower concentration could inhibit the bacteria, but high concentration of extracts
was required in the inhibition of the fungi. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the present study proves
that there is potential of antimicrobial effects in Gynura procumbens leaves extracts
Knowledge, attitude and practice related to sodium intake among health and non-health science students in IIUM Kuantan
No full textIntroduction: Salt intake among Malaysians is more than the recommended amount
set by World Health Organisation (WHO) of 5g per day (equivalent to 2000mg
sodium). Similarly, the prevalence of hypertension has also increased over the year.
There is need to reduce salt consumption as outlined in Salt Reduction Strategy to
Prevent and Control NCD for Malaysia 2015-2020. In order to reduce the salt intake,
the underlying factors must be identified. Thus, the aims of this study were to
examine knowledge, attitude and practice related to salt intake in adults specifically
among students of IIUM Kuantan. Method: This was a cross-sectional study
involving 108 students aged 20-25 years old who completed the questionnaire. The
questionnaire consists of demographic data, knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP)
related to sodium intake. Data was analysed using descriptive frequency and chi�square test was used to compare the KAP regarding sodium intake between health
science and non-health science students in IIUM Kuantan. Results: Almost all
students have knowledge that high salt intake can cause hypertension, however,
many of them did not know the recommended intake of salt per day. The attitude
toward importance of lowering salt intake in the diet showed a significant difference
between health science and non-health science students (p<0.01). Majority of
students never add salt to the foods at the table but they always add it in cooking
when they are at home. Conclusion: No differences in the knowledge and practice
related to sodium intake except for attitude between health and non-health science
students in IIUM Kuantan
Proximate analysis of selected freshwater fish in Kuantan, Pahang
No full textIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate proximate composition of
freshwater fish that are commonly consumed by Malaysians namely Clarius batrachus
(Keli), Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia merah), Pangasius hypophthalmus (Patin) and Channa
striata (Haruan). Methods: The proximate composition of moisture, protein, fat and ash
were measured according to method described by Association of Official Analytical
Chemists (AOAC) 1990 with slight modifications. Data was analyzed using Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA), with a significance level used for all tests was at 95%
(p<0.05). Results: Our results showed that all four species of fish had the moisture
contents between 71.1-81.2% with the lowest seen in C. batrachus. The protein contents
were comparable between species ranging from 1.98-3.21%, although the values
were significantly lower than those reported in other studies. The fat content was the
highest in C. batrachus (10.38%) while the other species had comparable values
ranging from 0.33-1.53%. No differences were seen in ash contents between all
species with percentage ranging from 0.91-1.11%. Conclusion: The selected
freshwater fish contain comparable proximate composition except for C.
batrachus that had the lowest moisture and higher fat contents
Proximate analysis of selected marine fishes in Kuantan, Pahang
No full textIntroduction: Marine fish is a good of protein and fatty acids. The nutrient compositions of fish vary due
to many factors including different species, maturity of the fish and geographical regions. Hence, this
study aimed to analyse proximate composition of four marine fish that commonly consumed by
Malaysian, namely Silver Pomfret, Black Pomfret, Yellowstripe Scad and Yellowtail Scad. Methods: The
proximate composition of moisture, protein, fat, and ash were measured according to method described
by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 with slight modifications. Data was analysed
using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), with a significance level used for all tests was at 95%. Results:
There were no differences in the percentages of fat and protein among the selected fish except for ash and
moisture contents. Silver Pomfret and Yellowstripe Scad had significantly higher moisture contents than
Black Pomfret, Yellowtail Scad (p<0.05). Yellowstripe Scad exhibited the lowest ash content among the
selected fish species, with a significant difference only when compared to Silver Pomfret (p<0.05).
Conclusion: While there was no significant variation in protein and fat content, this study highlights the
differences in moisture and ash composition among the four fish species. Future studies could further
investigate the mineral contents present in the ash
