8 research outputs found
Comparative Analysis of AlN Thin Film Uniformity on 2-Inch and 4-Inch Si Wafers Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
No full textAluminium nitride (AlN) is one of most investigated III-V materials for advanced electronics application. This study is a comparative analysis on the AlN thin film deposited on 2-inch and 4-inch Si wafers using radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. This study investigates the uniformity of AlN thin films deposited on 2-inch and 4-inch Si wafers, analysing variations in crystal structure, surface morphology, and film thickness to assess the impact of wafer size on film consistency. The deposited AlN thin films were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), surface profiling and field emission – scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). It was found out that the films had a preferred orientation of (100) and had a very good match across the 2-inch wafers but were off slightly at the edges of the 4-inch wafers. Thickness measurements also showed good uniformity as evidenced by coefficient of variation (CV) values below the 10% industry standard and FE-SEM analysis of smooth, defect-free films with uniform morphology. In conclusion, these results confirm that the wafer size is very crucial to produce uniform ad high quality AlN thin films across the wafer
Comparative Analysis of AlN Thin Film Uniformity on 2-Inch and 4-Inch Si Wafers Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
No full textAluminium nitride (AlN) is one of most investigated III-V materials for advanced electronics application. This study is a comparative analysis on the AlN thin film deposited on 2-inch and 4-inch Si wafers using radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. This study investigates the uniformity of AlN thin films deposited on 2-inch and 4-inch Si wafers, analysing variations in crystal structure, surface morphology, and film thickness to assess the impact of wafer size on film consistency. The deposited AlN thin films were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), surface profiling and field emission – scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). It was found out that the films had a preferred orientation of (100) and had a very good match across the 2-inch wafers but were off slightly at the edges of the 4-inch wafers. Thickness measurements also showed good uniformity as evidenced by coefficient of variation (CV) values below the 10% industry standard and FE-SEM analysis of smooth, defect-free films with uniform morphology. In conclusion, these results confirm that the wafer size is very crucial to produce uniform ad high quality AlN thin films across the wafer
Direct torque control induction motor drives
No full textThis paper presents an implementation of a direct torque control (DTC)
strategies to control the operation induction motor (IM). The aim is to control
effectively the torque and flux. Torque control of an induction motor base on DTC
strategy has been developed and a comprehensively study in this thesis. Direct torque
control is the first technology to control the real motor control variable of torque and
flux. This method made the motor more accurate and fast torque control, high
dynamic speed response and simple to control. This report presents a principle of the
DTC; switching table, and selection of the amplitude of the hysteresis band of torque
and flux. The basic dynamic performance of DTC is investigated. The performance
is including in when the motor in starting drives and when motor in nominal value.
The performance of this control method has been demonstrated by simulation using a
versatile simulation package, MATLAB/SIMULINK. The author also present the
simulation results related to the theoretical aspects mentioned in the paper. The result
shows that the proposed direct torque control is capable to control the operation of
the induction moto
Laporan Program Capaian Global : Program Kembara Ilmu Merentas Dunia
No full textGlobal Outreach Programme UNIMAS telah memperkenalkan dengan tujuan untuk memberi peluang kepada kalangan staf bukan akademik UNIMAS meneroka ilmu dan budaya kerja ke peringkat antarabangsa. Hasrat tersebut adalah tepat pada masanya sejajar dengan saranan Menteri Pengajian Tinggi Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi dalam Amanat Tahun Baharu 2012 yang menekankan usaha ke arah melahirkan staf yang berfikiran global dan bertindak secara lokal
Neck dissection for head and neck malignancies: A Malaysian 13 years review
No full textIntroduction and Objective: Neck dissection (ND) is a surgical procedure performed in treating head and neck cancer patients with cervical neck metastasis. The aim of neck dissection is to achieveloco-regional control thus optimizing the cancers cure rate. Various complications may potentially occur following this surgery. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of complications following neck dissection.Materials & Methods: This is a 13 years retrospective descriptive case notes analysis conducted in UKMMC (University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre), a tertiary centre in Malaysia. Neck dissection surgeries that were performed between January 2000tillDecember 2012 were recruited for data analyses.Results: A total of 233 neck dissections were performed in our centre over 13 years period from January 2000 until December 2012. Of these, 27 cases were excluded due to unavailability of data and therefore a total of 206 cases were recruited for data analyses.The types of neck dissection performed include Extended Radical ND (n=7), Radical ND (n=40), Modified Radical ND (n=88) and Selective ND (n=71). Majority of neck dissection was performed for malignant oral cavity tumours (47.1%). Out of 206 cases, 57 (27.7%) developed wound complications, 48 (23.3%) cases had nerve complications with marginal mandibular nerve was most commonly injured (13%) and 20 (9.7%) cases had vascular and lymphatic complications mainly involving the thoracic duct (5.3%). The incidence of residual or recurrent neck disease was observed in 41 cases (20%). Pre-operative clinical assesment of cervical neck node metastatic status has a high sensivity of 89.7% but low specificity of 47.5%.Conclusion: Various complications may potentially occur following neck dissection. Awareness of these possible complications could minimize the incidence of complication following this surgery. This current study observed a strong association between the type of neck dissection performed with the incidence of wound, nerve and vascularcomplications following neck dissection surgery.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.384-396</jats:p
The case for rentierism as a cause for underdevelopment in Malaysia: Tourism Planning from Mahathir to the present day
No full textClassifying Malaysia as a rentier state is unusual but the label allows for new insight into the development state debate. Rentier states are considered to be developing states on the basis that their governments purchase the growth that improves wealth and quality of life at a cost to enterprise and citizens become accustomed to reward being unrelated to effort. Purchased growth (where governments create employment by investing in projects) creates challenges for true development (where an economy evolves and develops without continual governmental involvement) and recognising the breadth of this phenomenon is significant.
By looking at tourism planning in Malaysia, a case for rentierism being the cause of underdevelopment in Malaysia was made. Making particular reference to the Meetings, Incentives, Exhibitions and Conferences (MICE) aspect of the tourism market, the thesis demonstrates that Malaysia is not only a rentier state economy but that its tourism industry demonstrates purchased growth that is compatible with rentierism.
The main argument of the thesis is that the most significant component of what signifies a rentier state is a rentier state mentality. Four case studies of MICE tourism destinations are used to demonstrate attitudes that have emerged from a government policy of purchased growth. When the case for underdevelopment as emerging from rentierism is made, the rentier state mentality in Malaysia is used as evidence for the label and its application.
Tourism is a commonly proposed solution to the problem of underdevelopment but what this thesis demonstrates is that the way diversification of a rent-based economy is approached is more significant that what that economy diversifies into. Underdevelopment in Malaysia results from the tourism planning being based upon purchased growth not because tourism is an inappropriate industry for economic development in Malaysia
UMNO factionalism and the politics of Malaysian national identity
No full textThis thesis analyses UMNO factionalism from the perspective of the elite's manipulation of the various modes of nationalisms. This thesis argues that UMNO factionalism, which is seemingly a power struggle between competing UMNO elites, has been significantly shaped by contesting nationalist ideologies that reflect the unresolved questions of national identity in Malaysia.
These two issues, that is, nationalism and UMNO factionalism, have shaped Malaysian politics in significant ways. UMNO factionalism has been related to such major political events as the 1969 ethnic riots, the introduction of the New Economic Policy, the UMNO split in 1987 and the Reformasi (Reform) movement in 1998. Frequently, the impact of these disputes extended beyond UMNO politics and affected wider Malaysian politics. At the same time, due to unresolved questions of national identity, nationalism has occupied a central position in Malaysian political discourse. There are ambiguities regarding the relationships among the various ethnic identities and national identity and between the individual and the larger Malaysian community that enable elites to construct and manipulate nationalist ideologies. In this thesis, the conflicting nationalisms are captured by five different concepts of nationalism - ethnocultural, civic and multicultural nationalisms in one group and collectivist-authoritarian and individualistic-libertarian nationalisms in another.
The Malaysian Prime Ministers have constructed nationalist ideology to define the Malaysian nation in their attempts to resolve the unresolved problems of national identity. The challengers' arguments, to mobilise the community, mirror the community's (negative) responses to the Malaysian Prime Ministers' nationalist visions. In addition, the ideological arguments in the disputes extend the dispute beyond the elites, involving the community as well. Furthermore, because of the ideological conflicts, these factional disputes affect the direction of government policies in significant ways. This study shows that UMNO factional disputes have followed this pattern of ideological conflicts, although the exact contents may vary.
The 1969 factional dispute was a clash between Tunku Abdul Rahman's shift towards multicultural nationalism and its challengers' ethnocultural nationalism. Tunku Abdul Rahman's nationalist vision moved away from ethnocultural nationalism in pursuit of national integration. The challengers, reflecting the Malay community's response to the Prime Minister's vision, took a strong ethnocultural Malay nationalist stance. The successful mobilisation of the Malay community by ethnocultural Malay nationalists contributed to the policy shift towards ethnocultural nationalism in the 1970s. In the 1987 dispute, Mahathir's economic policy, which moved away from ethnocultural nationalism, was challenged by Razaleigh's ethnocultural nationalist argument. After the dispute, Mahathir could only mobilise the community by tactically employing the rhetoric of ethnocultural Malay nationalism.
In the 1990s, Mahathir's attempt to define the national identity of Malaysia by constructing a civic Malaysian nation, Bangsa Malaysia, relieved the tension surrounding the ambiguous national identity of Malaysia. It was facilitated by rapid economic growth that ameliorated ethnic contests over limited economic resources. However, the collectivist-authoritarian aspect of Mahathir's nationalism raised another nationalist question concerning the subordination of individual liberty and rights to the collective community's will and interests - a nationalism that justified his authoritarian rule. There was tension between an increasingly confident civic Malaysian society and Mahathir's collectivist-authoritarian control of the society. The 1998 UMNO dispute was a clash between Mahathir's collectivist-authoritarian nationalism and Anwar Ibrahim's individualistic-libertarian nationalism. The latter attempted to mobilise Malaysian society with his nationalist position (the Reformasi movement) which was expressed in the demand for liberal political reform. After the dispute, Mahathir was able to regain lost political ground through the politics of fear. It seems, however, that the fundamental question remains unresolved. This unresolved tension between the demand for individual liberty and rights and authoritarian control by state elites is likely to shape the ideological arguments in future UMNO factional disputes
