1,721,524 research outputs found
Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural comparative investigation
No full textDesmoplastic trichilemmoma: A case report with immunohistochemical characterization of the extracellular matrix components
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Impact of Circulating and Tissue Biomarkers in Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy for High-Risk Melanoma: Ready for Prime Time?
No full textThe prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma has substantially improved over the last years with the advent of novel treatment strategies, mainly immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Given the survival benefit provided in the metastatic setting and the evidence from prospective clinical trials in the early stages, these drugs have been introduced as adjuvant therapies for high-risk resected stage III disease. Several studies have also investigated immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, for neoadjuvant treatment of high-risk stage III melanoma, with preliminary evidence suggesting this could be a very promising approach in this setting. However, even with new strategies, the risk of disease recurrence varies widely among stage III patients, and no available biomarkers for predicting disease recurrence have been established to date. Improved risk stratification is particularly relevant in this setting to avoid unnecessary treatment for patients who have minimum risk of disease recurrence and to reduce toxicities and costs. Research for predictive and prognostic biomarkers in this setting is ongoing to potentially shed light on the complex interplay between the tumor and the host immune system, and to further personalize treatment. This review provides an insight into available data on circulating and tissue biomarkers, including the tumor microenvironment and associated gene signatures, and their predictive and prognostic role during neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment for cutaneous high-risk melanoma patients
CUTANEOUS MELANOMA HISTOLOGICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A NEVUS AND MELANOMA DE NOVO HAVE A DIFFERENT PROFILE OF RISK. RESULTS FROM A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
No full textCUTANEOUS MELANOMA HISTOLOGICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A NEVUS AND MELANOMA DE NOVO HAVE A DIFFERENT PROFILE OF RISK
Radiation-induced cutaneous carcinoma of the head and neck: is there an early role for p53 mutations?
No full textBackground. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying ionizing radiation-induced carcinogenesis of the skin.
Aims. To investigate the possible role of p53 in radiodermatitis and in the development of radiation-induced cutaneous carcinomas.
Methods. The study group comprised six patients affected by cutaneous carcinomas arising in radiodermatitis (one squamous cell carcinoma and five basal cell carcinomas), and seven patients presenting only chronic radiodermatitis. Skin specimens were evaluated for p53 immunohistochemical expression. Using laser-assisted microdissection, areas with different p53 immunoreactivity were separately submitted to DNA isolation and p53 gene analysis.
Results. In the majority of cases (9/12, 75%), p53 immunoreactivity was detected in radiation-damaged epidermis. In carcinomas p53 oncoprotein was expressed by several neoplastic cells in one case (16.7%%), or by nearly all neoplastic cells in four (66.7%). SSCP band shifts were detected in 9/25 samples (36%) microdissected from irradiated epidermis and in 3/6 (50%) carcinomas. DNA sequencing demonstrated two repeatedly found mutations: a G deletion at codon 244 and an A -> G transition at codon 205, as well as hallmarks of ultraviolet mutagenic action, including a C -> T transition occurring at a dipyrimidine site and a CC -> TT tandem double-base transition.
Conclusion. Our data indicate that irradiation induces significant p53 alterations that may be relevant in the modification of epithelial maturation processes and may be responsible for the high risk for development of carcinomas in radiodermatitis
MIDDLE EAR ADENOMA IS AN AMPHICRINE TUMOR: WHY CALL IT ADENOMA?
No full textMiddle ear adenoma (MEA) is a rare tumor postulated to take origin from the lining epithelium of the middle ear cavity. The authors report on a case of MEA arising in a 53-year old woman suffering from a sensation of fullness in her left ear, otalgia, and light left-sided hearing loss. Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of cuboidal and polygonal cells displaying a trabecular, tubulo-glandular, and solid pattern of growth. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells diffusely stained with anti-vimentin antibodies and were focally positive for chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, lysozyme, and cytokeratins AE1/AE3. The majority of tumor cells showed weak and diffuse staining with both anti-PP and anti-ACTH antibodies and intense positivity with anti-glucagon and anti Leu-7 antibodies. Ultrastructural investigation revealed both mucinous-glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation. The authors suggest that the appropriate terminology would be adeno-carcinoid or amphicrine tumor of the middle ear rather than "adenoma," a term that does not reflect its dual nature
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