122,171 research outputs found
Transboundary pollution control and competitiveness concerns in a two-country differential game
No full textWe analyze a transboundary pollution control problem in a heterogeneous two-country differential game setting in which regulators care for the implications of environmental policies on the competitiveness. We characterize the noncooperative and the cooperative solutions, showing that under both scenarios, in presence of competitiveness
considerations, heterogeneous countries will generally set different carbon taxes. This suggests, while implementing a mitigation policy is necessary to combat climate change, a universally homogeneous policy may not be optimal. Moreover, when countries are symmetric, except for their degree of competitiveness concerns, under noncooperation
introduction of such concerns lowers the abatement policies in both countries, however, the self-effect is stronger than the cross-effect. Nevertheless, under cooperation, an increase in country j's competitiveness concerns leads to more stringent policies in country i, while the self-effect could be either positive or negative. The latter result emphasizes the importance of cooperation to tackle pollution in the presence of competitiveness concerns
Reclamation of a Resource Extraction Site: a Differential Game Approach
No full textWe study an extraction site reclamation problem in a two-player differential game setting over a finite time horizon. Environmental regulation requires each firm to engage in reclamation efforts during the entire lifespan of the extraction site and to pay an abandonment reclamation fee at the end of its lease term for the unclaimed pollution caused by firms’ activities. Firms determine their reclamation efforts in order to minimize their reclamation cost. We analyze and compare individual firms’ choices and the pollution stock in the noncooperative and the cooperative cases by distinguishing between situations in which firms are homogeneous and heterogeneous. We study the case in which firms have different lease durations and different degrees of environmental liability. We show that the dynamics of the reclamation efforts may be substantially different under noncooperation and cooperation, and in both cases, it is mainly determined by how the rate of time preference and the growth rate of firms’ liabilities compare. Moreover, in all scenarios, the reclamation efforts generally rise with the degree of liability and fall with the lease duration, suggesting that in order to promote better environmental outcomes, the regulators should carefully determine the lease conditions by introducing intra-term reclamation fees along with stringent environmental accountability
Diffraction of waves by multi-pontoon rectangular floating breakwaters
No full textThis paper explores the hydrodynamic characteristics of multi-pontoon rectangular floating breakwaters (FBs) in finite-depth water with an infinite domain, subjected to sinusoidal waves. Employing a numerical panel method, a comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of pontoon number ( N ), pontoon spacing, and chamber height, specifically on transmission and reflection coefficients. The results indicate that multi-pontoon FBs outperform regular rectangular FBs and the two-legged FBs described in Masoudi and Gan (2021), making them a preferable choice in rough sea conditions or where wave attenuation is critical. Interestingly, increasing the pontoon number does not necessarily elevate the maximum diffraction wave amplitude; instead, it alters the diffraction wave frequency, resulting in lower transmission coefficients. Maximum diffraction wave amplitudes exhibit a linear function concerning the reflection coefficient for N = 1 and a weak exponential function for N > 1
QuateXelero : an accelerated exact network motif detection algorithm
No full textFinding motifs in biological, social, technological, and other types of networks has become a widespread method to gain more knowledge about these networks’ structure and function. However, this task is very computationally demanding, because it is highly associated with the graph isomorphism which is an NP problem (not known to belong to P or NP-complete subsets yet). Accordingly, this research is endeavoring to decrease the need to call NAUTY isomorphism detection method, which is the most time-consuming step in many existing algorithms. The work provides an extremely fast motif detection algorithm called QuateXelero, which has a Quaternary Tree data structure in the heart. The proposed algorithm is based on the well-known ESU (FANMOD) motif detection algorithm. The results of experiments on some standard model networks approve the overal superiority of the proposed algorithm, namely QuateXelero, compared with two of the fastest existing algorithms, G-Tries and Kavosh. QuateXelero is especially fastest in constructing the central data structure of the algorithm from scratch based on the input network
Polarization fading mitigation in distributed acoustic sensors based on a high-speed polarization rotator
No full textDataset support paper "Polarization fading mitigation in distributed acoustic sensors based on a high-speed polarization rotator" in Optics Letters
A distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor based on interferometric demodulation technique with no polarization fading is demonstrated. A polarization diversity scheme based on high-speed polarization rotator is used to eliminate signal fading due to polarization mismatch in the Rayleigh backscattered signal between adjacent points on the sensing fiber. This technique yields a spatially uniform response to the applied strain. The sensor exhibited a spatial and strain resolutions of <4 m and <7 nε, respectively</span
Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of Triassic alkaline basaltic rocks of North Kamarbon, Northern Central Alborz, Iran
No full textThe Triassic alkaline basaltic rocks (TABR) of North Kamarbon are located in Central Alborz, which is regarded as the northern part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. Fractional crystallization does not appear as a major process in the genesis of TABR while different degree of partial melting may be regarded as the mail process, based on petrography and geochemistry studies. The geochemical characteristics of TABR are in conflict with a substantial involvement of continental crust or crustal contamination. High (La/Yb)N and (Dy/Yb)N ratios, along with other geochemical features, in the TABR magma, suggest an asthenospheric origin, with low degree of partial melting of a garnet-bearing mantle sources. Enrichment patterns of LILE (Ba, Sr and Th), HFSE (Nb, Ta and Zr) and P, and the depletion at HREE (Yb, Lu) are similar to what observed for OIB or intraplate alkaline magmatic rocks. The Sr and Nd isotopic ratios range from 0.70448 to 0.70522 and from 0.51269 and 0.51280, respectively, suggesting time-integrated slightly depleted magma sources. The data indicate that the evolution of TABR could be related to the rifting basin, in Late Triassic, which caused their development by upwelling and decompressional melting of an asthenospheric mantle, without a major involvement of subcontinental lithospheric mantle or crustal contaminatio
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Reduction in diagnostic waste in Anatomical Pathology
No full textBackground: Currently, the Anatomical Pathology unit at Saint Paul's hospital in British Columbia, Canada accepts all specimens sent to them from any department or physician's office. Naturally, some specimens that enter the system at Saint Paul's hospital do not have any added diagnostic value and constitute diagnostic service waste.
Aims: The aim of this project was to retrospectively identify waste specimens so that they can be removed from the system in the future, halting the practice of indiscriminate pathology investigations and reducing costs while improving the department's efficiency.
Methods: Using the hospital's Laboratory Information System, a list of 407,407 records examined by pathologists in 2019 was created. The list was further refined, yielding 34,872 unique accessioned cases in 2019. The specimens that did not fit the definitions of waste as according to the Glossary for Specimens Not Required for Submission to Pathology were removed, which refined the data set to 1,650 potential cases of diagnostic waste. The list was further refined by Dr. Myles who analysed the data set, reducing the list to 1,214 preliminary cases that could be classified as waste. The pathology reports for these cases were then examined by Dr. Myles who retrospectively identified the specimens that yielded no diagnostic value.
Results & Conclusions: Out of all 1,214 cases examined, 55 we are flagged as potentially diagnostic as they indeed needed pathologist analysis and only one case brought forward new diagnostic information. The final list of waste specimens resulted in a diagnostic waste prevalence of 0.03 (1,159 / 34,872 unique accessioned cases). Therefore in 2019, 3% of all the cases seen by pathologists at Saint Paul's hospital did not yield any diagnostic value and could be classified as wasteful.No Full Tex
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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